著者

浜 治世

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.1-9, 1965 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

3 1

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The first aim of the study was to examine what sort of effect prior exposure to conflict has on succeeding performance in a weak conflict situation, Dynamogenic and competing response hypotheses were used to predict the performance of subjects in the subsequent conflict situation. The dynamogenic view asserts that conflict generates a drive, thus the effect of conflict training is to facilitate the subsequent performance, reducing the reaction time in post-conflict situation. According to the competing response view, conflict training leads to learning of specific conflict responses, which are generalized to postconflict performance, with the resulting inhibition of performance, or the increase of reaction time. Three groups of normal subjects were run under three ssuccesive phases of experiment. First, all the groups were exposed to a low conflict situation. Following this, each of the groups was given different degree of conflict training, such as high, moderate, or low. Finally, all the groups were again exposed to the original low conflict situation. The comparison of the conflict effect between normal and abnormal subjects, which was the second aim of this study, was performed by running groups of neurotic and schizophrenic subjects under the same conditions as above.The modified Stroops's Color-Word Test cards were used for inducing different degrees of conflict, designated respectively as the high conflict card (HC), the moderate conflict card (MC) and the low conflict card (LC). On these conflict cards the color names were printed in colors. The HC card had no word printed in the corresponding color, while the LC card had all the words printed in the corresponding colors, and the MC card had printed words not corresponding to the colors, but in colors suggesting the same hind of color. The subject was instructed to identify the color of each stimulus irrespective of the color designation. The author hypothesized that the conflict induced by the experiment was a type of approach-approach conflict between two response tendencies; the approach toward reading the word which was motivated by cultural and verbal habit and the other approach toward the color itself which was motivated by the instructions. The reaction time (1/RT×1000) for each conflict card was used as a measure of conflict.The findings are shown in Tables 1 to 6 and Figures 1 to 3. The results indicate that the effect of strong and moderate conflict training led to significant retardation of the reaction time in the postconflict performance for all groups. This fact supports the competing response view, but also has implications for the dynamogenic view.

著者

浜 治世 田辺 毅彦 鈴木 直人

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.3, pp.179-182, 1986-08-30 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

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This study was designed to investigate whether or not the areas of the human body most sensitive to itch stimuli are identical with the body parts least sensitive to tactual discrimination, a hypothesis which arouse from our previous studies of itching. Subjects were 12 college students (six males and six females). The itching was induced by grated Japanese yam. The body areas were the upper arm (with large two-point thresholds), the lower leg (with intermediate two-point thresholds), and the middle finger (with small two-point thresholds). An experimental session consisted of a stimulus-application period (200 s), and a post-application period (600 s) during which the itching increases markedly. (After wiping off the grated yam, itching is increased because of the needle-crystals of calcium oxalate contained in the yam peel which penetrate slightly into the skin in the process of wiping.) Self-ratings on itching and the volume of dermal blood flow were recorded during two periods. The results support our hypothesis and suggest that tactile sensation has some interaction with itching.

著者

余語 真夫 浜 治世 津田 兼六 鈴木 ゆかり 互 恵子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本健康心理学会

雑誌

健康心理学研究 (ISSN:09173323)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.28-32, 1990 (Released:2015-07-08)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 4

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This experiment demonstrates how the use of cosmetics on a woman’s face affects her psychological well-being. The subjects were twenty-four women in their twenties. They have a habit of wearing wear make-up in their everyday life. The experimental conditions were: (a) no make-up, (b) self-make-up using their own cosmetics, (c) make-up by a professional female beautician. Each subject was asked to rate the degree of her self-confidence, self-satisfaction, state anxiety, and activation, and to utter a vowel sound for three seconds under each of the above-mentioned make-up conditions. The main results showed: (a) the use of cosmetics increases feelings of self-confidence and self-satisfaction, regardless of whether make-up was applied by the subject or a professional beautician, (b) the activation level increases while the degree of state anxiety decreases when make-up was applied by a professional beautician, and (c) the subjects’ voice pitch heightened when their make-up was applied by a professional beautician; this suggests that the subjects’ emotional state was activated under this condition. In conclusion, our study found that the use of cosmetics gives people more self-confidence and makes them feel happier, thus enhancing their psychological well-being.