著者

浦井 聡

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.96-109, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-07-09)

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It is well known that Tanabe Hajime (1885-1962) considered individuals’ praxis as a core concept of his philosophy. This paper aims to clarify the nature of individuals’ praxis especially in his philosophy of religion: “metanoetics” (1944-1953). For this purpose, we have to go back to the works before “metanoetics,” as Tanabe did not explain about praxis in detail during “metanoetics.” In other words, the definition of praxis is formed in a dialectic manner and we need to trace the definitions of praxis. “Metanoetics” is a standpoint which emerged from critically reexamining of the “logic of species.” In the “logic of the species,” which sticks to being rational, individuals’ praxis is considered as obedience to the state, especially during 1939-1941. Anyhow, in “metanoetics” being rational was no longer a requirement for individuals’ praxis. In “metanoetics,” individuals recognize the operation of the Absolute which lies behind the historical world and saves them, and regard what exists in society as means of salvation by the Absolute. Therefore, individuals accept every incident as means of the Absolute to lead them to salvation, so that they can react freely to it. Such free reaction is regarded as individuals’ praxis in “metanoetics.”

著者

浦井 聡

出版者

宗教哲学会

雑誌

宗教哲学研究 (ISSN:02897105)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, pp.84-97, 2019-03-30 (Released:2019-05-22)

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Tanabe Hajime (1885-1962) started developing his philosophy of religion, which he dubbed “philosophy as metanoetics,” from late 1944 by critically reexamining his earlier idea of the “logic of species” (1934-41). Therefore, his “philosophy as metanoetics” inherited the basic scheme of the “logic of species.” Tanabe deemed the concept of “species,” which was central to his philosophy, an essential element of salvation. This paper aims to reveal the connection between “logic of species” and “philosophy as metanoetics” by clarifying the structure of salvation in Tanabe’s social ontology. For this purpose, this paper focuses on how one becomes a “true individual” and what the latter is. In “logic of species,” one becomes a “true individual” through the inner disruption of species to which it belongs. In “philosophy as metanoetics,” when one faces the antinomy of duties in species, “nothingness-qua-love” converts from one to “true individual.” This paper connects the moment of becoming “true individual” of “logic of species” with that of “philosophy as metanoetics” by showing that the antinomy of duties in species is caused by the inner disruption of species. Moreover, this paper elucidates the nature of a “true individual.” Its nature is characterized by matter and form of the species to which it belongs and by “nothing-qua-love.”

著者

串田 純一 浦井 聡 川口 茂雄 Jun'ichi KUSHIDA Satoshi URAI Shigeo KAWAGUCHI

出版者

甲南大学人間科学研究所

雑誌

心の危機と臨床の知

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.一〇八-一二〇, 2022-03-20

著者

浦井 聡

出版者

西田哲学会

雑誌

西田哲学会年報 (ISSN:21881995)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.78-97, 2020 (Released:2020-08-10)

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Tanabe Hajime (1885‒1962) started developing his philosophy of religion which he dubbed ‘philosophy as metanoetics’ since the autumn of 1944. In December of the same year, Nishida Kitaro (1870‒1945) criticized his understanding of the philosophy of religion, pointing out that its core concept of ‘repentance’ (zange) reduces to a mere ethical notion. Is this criticism justified? This paper aims to answer this question by indicating that Tanabe’s philosophy of religion is synthesis of ethics and religion, rather than a reduction of the latter to the prior. That is, I will clarify the relation between Tanabe’s notions of salvation (to which he referred to with the term ‘resurrection’) and existential communion (a term pertaining to social ontology that stands for the community of people who have been resurrected). For Tanabe, resurrection occurs when our practical reason is faced with an antinomy of duties and fails to find a solution; we are thus ‘resurrected’ by the Absolute. Resurrection leads naturally to new antinomies, which bring about higher demands for salvation. In this continuous process, we can gradually come to mediate the antinomies between oneself, others and entire communities. On the one hand, we can only realize existential communion by continuing ethical practices in our community. On the other, our salvation is attested only by existential communion. In this way, ethics and religion are inseparable in Tanabe’s philosophy of religion.

著者

浦井 聡

出版者

日本宗教学会

雑誌

宗教研究 (ISSN:03873293)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.1, pp.79-104, 2018 (Released:2018-09-30)

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田辺元(一八八五―一九六二)は、一九四四年夏の救済の体験を転機に、宗教哲学を中心とする思索を展開した。田辺は自身の宗教的救済を語る一方で、自分のことを無宗教者と表現する。本稿は、田辺が提示した「無宗教者の宗教的救済」という一見矛盾した見解に注目し、とりわけそれが「なぜ起こり得るか」について明らかにした。田辺が宗教的救済と呼ぶものは、特定の神や仏による救済ではなく、「絶対無即愛」という田辺独自の絶対者理解による救済である。その救済の内容は、個人が理性の二律背反に直面し、自身の無力を自覚することによって可能となる知と行為の性質の変化である。このような救済は、特定の神や仏に対する信仰を持っていなくとも起こり得るとされ、田辺は人から人へと「絶対無即愛」のはたらきが伝播すること(絶対媒介)によって可能となるとした。本稿では、田辺の絶対媒介についての見解が孕む問題点を指摘しつつ、「無宗教者の宗教的救済」の根本的契機を、社会における当為の二律背反に見出した。