7 0 0 0 OA 01史-10-口-14 戦時下における剣道の戦技化とその実際 氷上剣道に着目して
- 著者
- 矢野 裕介
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本体育学会
- 雑誌
- 日本体育学会大会予稿集 第68回(2017) (ISSN:24241946)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.70_2, 2017 (Released:2018-02-15)
1937年の日中戦争突入により国家総動員法が公布され、国内体制が戦時体制に移行していく中で、武道は1939年に設置された武道振興委員会の答申にみられるように、その戦技化を要求された。それがために、剣道においては斬撃姿勢による基本的な技が採用され、竹刀についても長さを3尺6寸とする真刀に近いものが使用されたように、より実戦的(軍事的)な内容へと改変された。また剣道の訓練で培った技術を氷上戦にも即すべく、剣道とスケートを融合させた「氷上剣道」なるものも考案、実施されるようになった。とはいえ、従前の武道史研究では氷上剣道に焦点をあてた研究は見受けられず、その存在について語られることはこれまで全くといっていいほどなかった。そこで本研究では、前廣節夫・岡部直己(1940)の『氷上剣道教育指導法』(筆者蔵)を中心に採り上げ、分析を行うことを通して、氷上剣道の実際について明らかにしていくことを目的としている。本書は、氷上剣道を統括していたとみられる日本氷上剣道会が発行したもので、その「使術ノ要領」、「教育一般ノ要領」(基本動作、応用動作、試合教習、試合)、「審判」法等が詳説されているからである。
- 著者
- 矢野 裕介
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本体育学会
- 雑誌
- 体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.13094, (Released:2014-10-13)
- 参考文献数
- 37
This study examines the transformation of the do-waza (techniques for striking the opponent's torso) in kenjutsu motivated by a philosophy of physical education rooted in medical rationalism. This transformation was initiated with the goal of fostering balanced physical development. The study materials were do-waza-related descriptions in representative kenjutsu manuals published around 1900, and handed down from person to person. Through examination of do-waza in modern Japan, it was concluded that bujutsu-taisoho (martial art exercises) were introduced and endorsed by Unosuke Ozawa, Kenzo Nakajima, Tokuichiro Nakano, and others in their attempt to incorporate kenjutsu teaching materials into regular physical education in schools. This was the point when standard kenjutsu instruction techniques shifted from one-to-one to group-exercise instructions. Results obtained in this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The core contents of do-waza in representative kenjutsu textbooks published between 1884 and 1897 only describe methods for striking the migi-do (right do or right torso) but not the hidari-do (left do). Shingoro Negishi (1884) states that it is better to strike the migi-do in preference to the hidari-do, while Daijo Kameyama (1895) and Minoru Yoneoka (1897) state that only migi-do strikes are rationally acceptable from a technical perspective, whereas hidari-do strikes are strictly unacceptable. 2. Between the late 1890s and 1900s, Unosuke Ozawa, Kenzo Nakajima, and Tokuichiro Nakano developed the bujutsu-taisoho with the aim of implementing bujutsu (martial arts, i.e., kenjutsu) as part of the regular school curriculum. This became a key opportunity to shift kenjutsu instruction from one-on-one to group instruction. Simultaneously, the training came to present do-waza methods for striking both the migi-do and the hidari-do (Ozawa, 1897; Shizuoka Prefecture Teacher's School, 1902; Nakayama/Nakano, 1906). 3. The do-waza in the bujutsu-taisoho as proposed by Ozawa, Nakajima, and Nakano effectively gave hidari-do strikes, which had been previously rejected in the field of kenjutsu, equal standing with migi-do strikes, with the aim of achieving balanced physical development on both sides of the body. The motivation for this revised do-waza was a physical education philosophy founded upon principles of medical rationalism.
6 0 0 0 IR 女子剣道の誕生に果たしたしない競技の役割
2 0 0 0 OA 大日本帝国剣道形増補加註の制定過程に関する研究:近藤知善筆の討議記録に基づいて
本研究では、大日本帝国剣道形増補加註(1933年)の制定に向けた討議の様相が克明に記された近藤知善筆の討議記録の解読を通して、その内容を把握するとともに、討議の対象となった大日本帝国剣道形加註(1917年)の構成項目ごとに分析を加え、関係各氏21名のうちの誰が、どの箇所に、どのような意見を述べているのかを明らかにするものであった。分析対象とした範囲では合計131の意見が出されていた。加えて、解読した131の意見の内容と1933年の大日本帝国剣道形増補加註を比較した結果、合計40の意見がそれに反映、継承されていることが解明された。
- 著者
- 矢野 裕介
- 出版者
- 一般社団法人 日本体育学会
- 雑誌
- 体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.11088, (Released:2012-07-14)
- 参考文献数
- 47
This study focused on the introduction of hidari-kote (left kote), one of the datotsu-bui in chudan-no-kamae of kendo, in shinai-kyogi, and its restriction in gakko-kendo after 1953, in order to elucidate the process of transition of the striking zone and the reasons for it. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Datotsu-bui (particularly kote-bu) in chudan-no-kamae of shinai-kyogi were treated equally, regardless of whether the strike was directed at the opponent's left or right kote-bu in shinai-kyogi, as was decided from the perspective of sport. However, hidari-kote in gakko-kendo after 1953, which was practiced alongside shinai-kyogi as “sport kendo,” was restricted. This difference in the treatment of hidari-kote confirmed a discontinuity between shinai-kyogi and gakko-kendo. 2. In 1957, shinai-kyogi and gakko-kendo were amalgamated. A gakko-kendo instruction guide called “gakko-kendo-no shido” (1958) states two reasons why hidari-kote in chudan-no-kamae was prohibited in gakko-kendo. The first reason was that when fighting against an opponent using chudan-no-kamae, “attacking the opponent's dominant right hand increases the chance to win.” The second reason was that in chudan-no-kamae, “striking the opponent's left hand, a supporting hand in kendo, is dangerous because the point of the shinai (bamboo sword) tends to be thrust at the opponent's body and hard striking to the left hand from jodan (upper-guard position) in particular can cause injury.” In chudan-no-kamae, when striking hidari-kote, which is closer to the body than migi-kote (right kote), the point of the shinai tends to be thrust at the opponent's upper left arm area, which is not protected by bogu (protective equipment). In gakko-kendo, the striking instrument in question is a heavier and harder 4-slat bamboo shinai, instead of the 16-slat bamboo fukuro-shinai that is used in shinai-kyogi. In addition to the risk of the specific area being injured with the heavier and harder shinai, a fist of left hand, which is not the striking zone, is also struck because the tsuba (sword guard) does not protect it. Hence, striking the hidari-kote in chudan-no-kamae is prohibited in gakko-kendo.