著者

若曽根 了太 若曽根 了太

出版者

国立民族学博物館

雑誌

国立民族学博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Ethnology (ISSN:0385180X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.1, pp.1-69, 2021

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仏教的王権観念の地域への浸透は,中心から周縁への不可逆的な力の作用の結果として議論されることが多い。本稿では 19 世紀後半から 20 世紀初頭シャム東北地方ラオ社会(周縁)における仏教的王権観念の展開を,ラオス山地社会(外縁)を含む地域の視点で見直し,史料に依拠して描く。明示されたのはラオの聖者が,山地の先住民カーに支えられる神話的王権の力を宗教運動で取り込み,仏教的王権の神聖性を支える力へ転換させた点である。これは頭陀行僧による仏法をピーの上位におく信仰の序列化と並行し,結果シャム王権の仏教国教化を担うタンマユット派の地域進出を支えた。つまり仏教的王権観念の地域への浸透は,周縁と外縁のカリスマ宗教者の活動に依拠したと考えるのが妥当である。中心―周縁―外縁の枠組みは,中心を受容しうる周縁の動態性やロジックを可視化させ,中心史観の相対化をはかる点で有効である。Penetration of the Buddhist concept of kingship in a region is understood to be the result of an action with irreversible force, extending from the center to the periphery. The examination described in this paper draws on the history of kingship in the Buddhist conception of northeastern Lao society, which existed on the periphery of Siam during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with a perspective from the regional context of Lao mountain society (outer edge) using historical documents. Results indicate that the power of mythical kingship of the indigenous Kha people in these mountains was usurped by Lao saints in a religious movement and was transformed by them into a force of Buddhist kingship. This usurpation accompanied the growth of a pecking order in faith among head ascetic monks, who positioned the Buddha-dharma above and the spirits below. Consequently, they supported regional penetration of the Thammayut group, which was responsible for Buddhist thought on Siamese kingship. It is reasonable to assume that penetration of the Buddhist concept of kingship into the area was based on the activity of charismatic religious leaders of the periphery, including mountainous areas. The center – periphery – outer edge framework is useful for visualizing the dynamics and logic of a periphery that can accept the center and which can relativize the view of central history.

著者

若曽根 了太

出版者

京都大学東南アジア地域研究研究所

雑誌

東南アジア研究 (ISSN:05638682)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.237-260, 2017

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In their research on the "Holy Manʼs Rebellion, " a millenarian movement that occurred in Thailand and Laos during the early twentieth century, historians have uncovered the concept of eschatology and belief in Maitreya. However, the idea of the eschatological salvation of the Lao, as derived from the Four Palm Leaf Manuscripts, has not yet been revealed. In addition, we do not know whether the Holy Manʼs Rebellion, in accordance with the tenets of Buddhism, was what influenced the spiritual belief systems of Lao society. Hence, in this study, we aim to reveal the concept of eschatological salvation and its connection with Cakkavatti, as well as the historical meaning of the Holy Manʼs Rebellion, in the context of Lao spiritual beliefs. We achieve this aim by analyzing the Four Palm Leaf Manuscripts that were handed down to temples, and also through the holy menʼs preaching to the Lao. We found that the eschatological savior of the Lao in the beginning of the twentieth century was a Cakkavatti; this belief was reflected in the divine right of kings. Furthermore, the holy men considered spiritual beliefs as being lower than Buddhist beliefs. This suggests that the words of holy men, who spoke hierarchically about Buddhism and spiritual beliefs, were spread among a wide range of peoples and became embedded within Lao society. Therefore, we discovered that there was significant meaning to the Laoʼs thoughts about subjectivity as well as the historical significance of the Holy Manʼs Rebellion.