著者

青木 栄一 荻原 克男

出版者

日本教育行政学会

雑誌

日本教育行政学会年報 (ISSN:09198393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.80-92, 2004-10-08 (Released:2018-01-09)

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Although several attempts were made to change educational policy in the 1970s and 1980s in Japan, substantial changes were not realized until the second half of the 1990s. Why did the change occur only in the late 1990s? One explanation has been that the Ministry of Education was forced to change its former policy because of external pressures brought by ad hoc committees and councils set up in the cabinet during the 1990s. This argument appears to exaggerate the strong tendency of the Ministry as a whole to preserve the status quo and often ignores internal processes that enable changes in attitudes within the Ministry. This paper attempts to explore such internal factors in terms of the power relationship between various bureaus in the Ministry. The paper focuses on the relation between the Minister's Secretariat ('kanbou') and other bureaus ('genkyoku') such as the Elementary and Secondary Education Bureau. These two types of bureaus entail a difference in responding to the demands for change. In contrast to the other bureaus that are responsible for the implementation of specific policy, the main role of the Minister's Secretariat (MS) is to exercise a comprehensive coordinating function over all bureaus ('kanboukinou') ; and thus, the MS is more flexible when it comes to policy change than are other bureaus. We hypothesized that the MS's coordinating function was strengthened during the 1990s and that this allowed the Ministry to change its overall behavior. To examine this hypothesis, we analyzed the status of the MS within the Ministry concerning three points: (1) changes in the organizational structure of the MS; (2) the career pattern of the Director-General, or the chief, of the MS; and (3) the frequency of contacts between the Director-General of the MS and the Prime Minister. Results of our research found that, first, the sections responsible for investigation, statistics, and policy planning within the Ministry were integrated into the MS by the 1970s; in the 1980s, a Senior Deputy Director-General was newly established in the MS; and the Deputy Director-Generals of the other bureaus were transferred to the MS. These reorganizations reinforced the structure of the MS. Second, through analyzing the career pattern of the people who were appointed as Director-Generals of the MS, the paper demonstrates that, though being equal in rank to other bureau chiefs, the position grew important during the late 1990s in terms of the status which it has related to its influence on the ministry's behavior. Third, whereas there was hardly any contact between the Director-General of the MS and the Prime Minister in the 1980s, such contact sharply increased in the late 1990s. These analyses revealed that whereas the structure of the MS was empowered during the 1980s, the position of the MS's Director-General remained unimportant within the Ministry. It was in the late 1990s that the MS properly performed its coordinating function attaining its high status among the bureaus as well as relying on its reinforced structure. This empowerment of the MS's function then enabled the Ministry to change its policy during the same period.

著者

荻原 克男

出版者

北海道大學教育學部

雑誌

北海道大學教育學部紀要 (ISSN:04410637)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.45-112, 1986-10

著者

荻原 克男

出版者

北海道大學教育學部

雑誌

北海道大學教育學部紀要 (ISSN:04410637)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.25-79, 1986-02

著者

小玉 重夫 荻原 克男 村上 祐介

出版者

日本政治学会

雑誌

年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.1_31-1_52, 2016 (Released:2019-06-10)

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これまでの政治学・教育学では, 1950年代を教育において文部省対日教組による保革のイデオロギー対立が激化した時期であると捉えることが一般的であった。それに対し本論は, そうした表面上のイデオロギー対立が注目される中で, その底流ではこの時期に教育の脱政治化が進行していったことに焦点を当てて, 教育行財政の制度と地方教育行政の実態がむしろ脱政治化へと向かったことを歴史的な検証から明らかにすると同時に, 教育行財政の制度・実態だけでなく, 現場の教育実践のレベルにおいても, この時期に脱政治化の萌芽が生じてそれが進行してきたことを示した。具体的には, 教育行財政の制度面 (2節), 教育関係団体秩序の側面 (3節), そして教育運動, 教育実践の側面 (4節) から論証した。以上の作業を通じ, 1950年代の教育政治について通説とは異なる理解を提示すると同時に, 教育が政治化する陰で, 現在に至る教育の脱政治化への転換点が1950年代に埋め込まれていたことを明らかにした。

著者

小玉 重夫 荻原 克男 田村 哲樹 村上 祐介 小玉 重夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育学会

雑誌

日本教育学会大會研究発表要項 (ISSN:2433071X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, pp.112-113, 2015-08-28 (Released:2018-04-20)