文献一覧: 藤田由美子 (著者)

10 0 0 0 OA 幼児期における「ジェンダー形成」再考相互作用場面にみる権力関係の分析より

著者: 藤田由美子
出版者: 日本教育社会学会
雑誌: 教育社会学研究 (ISSN:03873145)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.74, pp.329-348, 2004-05-20 (Released:2011-03-18)
参考文献数: 20
被引用文献数: 5 1

The purpose of this article is to reconsider gender identity formation in youngchildren by analyzing their interactions during children's activities. In the literatureon “gender and education” studies in educational sociology, the assumptions of “internalization” and “gender dichotomy” are generally considered to beapplicable to studies on early childhood; however it is the position of this paperthat these assumptions need to be reconsidered.This study focuses on gender-related power relations among young children.Observational research on preschool children was conducted at a private kindergartenin the Chugoku district of Japan, from September 1998 to March 1999.Eighty-two preschool children (age 3-5 years) were observed in the kindergarten.Additional observations were conducted at the same kindergarten and twoadditional childcare centers in the Kyushu district of Japan from 2000 to 2001.A gender dichotomy was found in the following aspects of children's interaction:(1) Children thought that stereotypical tastes were also greatly genderdifferentiated (for example many boys preferred the color blue and TV cartoonheroes, while many girls preferred the color red and ‘cute’ characters, e. g.‘Kitty-chan’). In addition, when the children reenacted heterosexual ritual behavior (e. g. weddings), they adhered to gender specific roles.(2) Children actively negotiated with each other in terms of gender. They alsoevaluated appropriate behavior according to gender standards. Furthermore, they constructed a social order using gender, displaying “hegemonic masculinity.”(3) Girls crossed gender-defined behavior more easily than did boys.Based on these findings, it was concluded that children actively participatein their own gender identity formation, in addition to being socialized into theseroles. The process of gender identity formation involves negotiation with thesocial world, and is influenced by the mass media.

5 0 0 0 OA スポーツマンガにおけるジェンダー秩序に関する考察 : 野球マンガにおける女性監督の分析より

著者: 藤田由美子
出版者: 九州保健福祉大学
雑誌: 九州保健福祉大学研究紀要 (ISSN:13455451)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.12, pp.69-78, 2011-03

The purpose of this article is to examine the subversion and maintenance of gender order as portrayed in Japanese baseball comics through content analysis of the images of female managers. The content analysis in this study was based on the idea of "social constructionalism," in which researchers read and interpret the texts subjectively, rather than analyze the texts objectively. For this analysis, four baseball comics describing female managers of senior high school baseball teams were chosen, three of which were popular. The content analysis was conducted with interpretive reading of each comic, interpreting the representation of the female baseball manager from feminist's and queer sociologist's perspectives. The findings were as follows: Firstly, female managers were represented as exceptions, especially in earlier published comics. Secondly, they were resistant to opposition from their players and other persons through demonstration of their power and skills. Thirdly, their femininity was a point of focus and some male characters looked upon them as sexual objects. These items are discussed in terms of Sedgwick's`homosocial desire' and Butler's`subversion' and maintenance of the gender order.