著者

諸隈 紅花 窪田 亜矢

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

no.748, pp.1037-1047, 2018-06

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&nbsp;Brooklyn Navy Yard (BNY) is a rare example of adaptively reuse of historic industrial site into urban manufacturing enclave, unlike repurposing it for residential or commercial uses. In my previous research (Morokuma et al. 2016), by using BNY as a case study, the background and measures of revitalization of the old shipyard as manufacturing hub was revealed. Despite the relatively low interest in preservation on the operator's side, authenticity of the historic resources has been maintained to some extent due to the frequent involvement of the New York State Historic Preservation Office (NY SHPO).<br>&nbsp;In this paper, by using the same case, SHPO's involvement is extensively studied to analyze the roles and effect of its review system based on National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). In the existing Japanese literatures on the U.S. preservation system, the general roles and review system as well as its National Register have been studied, however, actual use and effects of reviews through the case studies have not been fully explored. Additionally, the use of preservation covenant in transfer of nationally owned land was applied to the BNY, but this preservation tool has not been researched in the academic field, even in the U.S. The research method is the interviews to the SHPO and operator of BNY (BNYDC) as well as the preservation experts in NYC, and analysis of the applications and correspondences between SHPO and BNYDC.<br>&nbsp;In BNY, the covenant was applied to a partial land and introduced as mitigation to ensure preservation of historic resources in the future redevelopment by having BNYDC gain permit from SHPO whenever they touch on the historic resources, which increases the level of SHPO's involvement compared with the regular review. The process and outcome of the review triggered by covenant and those of regular reviews by SHPO are similar, but the use of covenant over NAVSTA site virtually led the BNYDC to pursue pro-preservation redevelopment approach unlike the Admirals Row site.<br>&nbsp;This study revealed that within BNY there were twelve redevelopment projects which were realized through rehabilitation or demolition of the historic resources and most of them were reviewed by SHPO due to BNYDC's reliance on state and federal funding in addition to the covenant. Lack of finance of BNYDC caused this reliance on public grants, which triggered SHPO's frequent reviews. Even though SHPO did not necessarily succeed in preserving all resources, it succeeded in identifying the underrepresented historic resources, proving the significance of BNY as a historic district by taking advantage of series of reviews, and led BNYDC to register BNY to make its significance more official.<br>&nbsp;In conclusion, although SHPO's regulatory power over historic resources is relatively weak compared with that of municipal governments, it is still quite effective in the recognition of underrepresented historic places like BNY through the series of reviews triggered by public funding and covenant. At the same time, having SHPO involved in BNY was quite important in raising awareness to historic resources and safeguarding them to some extent, as the city's preservation authority was not interested in protecting BNY as a historic district due to the political reason or lack of constituencies. The benefits of covenant such as facilitating pro-preservation redevelopment, giving oversight to all potential historic resources, and mandating new owners to maintain them during interim period, in exchange of transfer of public properties were recognized in the case of the BNY.

著者

諸隈 紅花 窪田 亜矢

出版者

公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会

雑誌

都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.3, pp.1189-1196, 2016-10-25 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

1

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本論文はニューヨーク市ブルックリン区のウオーターフロント沿いの、歴史的な造船所のブルックリン・ネイビーヤード(BNY)を取りあげ、歴史的工場群を店舗・住宅等の別の用途に転換することで場所を再生するのではなく、歴史的環境において当初の製造という機能を活かして市営の工業団地として再生する、従来の歴史的港湾の再開発とは異なるタイプの保全型再開発が実現した背景、実態の把握、再生の方法、歴史的環境保全と製造業維持という二つの政策の相関関係を明らかにする。研究の手法は文献調査、2回の現地調査、及び関係者へのインタビューを用いる。BNYが製造業の場として再生された背景には当初からの周囲のコミュニティへの雇用の場としての位置づけ、グローバル経済下における都市構造の変化による中小製造業の工業空間への需要の高まりと「製造業の維持」を推進する民間の団体の存在があった。運営をまかされたNPOは市からの資金援助が少ないなかで補助金や公的資金等の様々な資金源を活用して、再開発を実現した。歴史的環境保全と製造業の維持政策には明確な接点はないが、BNYにおいては両者が一定のメリットを享受することで均衡を保っている。