著者

足立 賢二 ADACHI Kenji

出版者

名古屋大学大学院人文学研究科図書・論集委員会

雑誌

名古屋大学人文学フォーラム (ISSN:24332321)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.81-96, 2020-03-31

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The purpose of this paper is to present information on the characteristics of traditions inherited by the schools of contemporary Kobudo (traditional martial ways) in Japan. Today, many Kobudo schools exist in Japan and around the world. As Kobudo is considered to be the origin of Budo (martial ways), contemporary Kobudo schools retain many traditional elements. In recent years, groups advocating Budo in Japan have asked the government to add an article concerning Kobudo to the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties. However, there has been little research on the actual practices of contemporary Kobudo. In this study, we focused on the shihan (senior instructor) as a successor of tradition in contemporary Kobudo. Also, Hakko-ryu, Takenouchi-ryu Bitchuden, Shinkan-ryu, and Rikishin-ryu were selected for observation, as these four famous martial arts schools are generally regarded as the best-known schools of Kobudo. Based on our participant observation of these four Kobudo schools, we concluded that the following five points were common to each school of contemporary Kobudo: (1) Since the inheriting of tradition is greatly valued, it is essential that jikiden (private martial lessons) from the soke (head-man of the school) or todai (present head of the school) be provided to the shihan. (2) Jikiden are to be carried out by attending training and special practice sessions. (3) All shihan hold several makimono (scrolls). (4) Almost all shihan have a special name that they use when participating in martial arts. This name, called an imina or gago, selected by their master. When someone obtains a position as shihan, the master gives that person a new name based on the rules of each school. The name consists of two kanji characters, one of which is shared in common with the master’s name. (5) All shihan have mastered a secret technique specific to their school, which has been handed down over a long period. Therefore, these five features should be considered in analyses of contemporary Kobudo.

著者

足立 賢二

出版者

日本文化人類学会

雑誌

日本文化人類学会研究大会発表要旨集 日本文化人類学会第57回研究大会 (ISSN:21897964)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.A12, 2023 (Released:2023-06-19)

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コロナ後における「日本の伝統」の継承のあり方を議論する上での基礎資料を抽出することを目的として、特に「古武道」を対象とし、近現代において家元制を採用していた古武道流派にかかる①門人帳の分析と②関係者への聞き取り調査の結果の分析により、その流派の「失伝」の過程を検討した。検討結果からは、「古武道」という伝統にあっては、入門者の低年齢化が「失伝」を加速させた可能性があることが判明した。

著者

足立 賢二

出版者

日本スポーツ人類学会

雑誌

スポーツ人類學研究 (ISSN:13454358)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2020, no.22, pp.1-24, 2020-12-31 (Released:2023-01-17)

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This paper considers the process of restructuring the views on Takenouchi-ryu, one of the Japanese traditional schools of martial arts, leading to its description as the oldest form of jiu-jitsu and as the origin of jiu-jitsu. What authorities were used by Kobudo Takenouchi-ryu officials to develop and publicize this idea? How were these authorities used? In addition, we discuss what factors led Kobudo Takenouchi-ryu officials to re-construct their self-representation through the publication of an official book on Kobudo Takenouchi-ryu, Nihon Jiu-jitsu no Genryu Takenouchi-ryu, in 1979. This paper makes a contribution to genealogical study of Kobudo, traditional martial ways in Japan, within Japanese cultural studies. First, we analyzed three publications describing Takenouchi-ryu, written by Kobudo Takenouchi-ryu officials from 1973 to 1982. In these three publications, these officials used three classical scrolls of the school, written between 1714 to 1844, as legitimation of their discourse. However, critical research has not found the official discourse of Kobudo Takenouchi-ryu to be well founded in these classic books. It has been found that Kobudo Takenouchi-ryu officials in fact used another source of authorization, a history of Kodokan Judo written by Kodokan Judo officials. Second, we analyzed five books describing the history of Kodokan Judo, published from 1868 to 1988. The results showed that the connection between Takenouchi-ryu and Kodokan Judo was formed as part of the historical development of judo in Japan. According to this progressive view of history, judo developed from sumo to kumiuchi (a form of battlefield-oriented armored grappling), from kumiuchi to jiu-jitsu, and from jiu-jitsu to judo. This genealogy was developed based on the ideas of Mamoru Sakuraba, the first to write a book on the history of judo, describing the historical development of Kodokan Judo. Sakuraba also regarded Takenouchi-ryu as jiu-jitsu. However, Sakuraba did not assign the origin of jiu-jitsu to this school. Sanzou Maruyama, who was the first to write an official history of Kodokan Judo, introduced Takenouchi-ryu into the historical development. Maruyama proposed the fact that Takenouchi-ryu was a school of kogusoku, and kogusoku was the origin of jiu-jitsu, implying that Takenouchi-ryu was the origin of jiu-jitsu. It was clear that Maruyama was the first to consider Takenouchi-ryu to be the origin of jiu-jitsu, and his view was fixed in subsequent descriptions of the history of Kodokan Judo. Third, we analyzed six papers referring to Takenouchi-ryu, written by Jigoro Kano, the founder of Kodokan Judo, from 1888 to 1926. In these papers, Kano emphasizes the Japanese origins of jiu-jitsu among the grappling arts. Kano denies the legacy of Chin Genpin, a famous Chinese writer and artist, as the originator of jiu-jitsu, instead placing Takenouchi-ryu at the center, which was regarded as a school of Kogusoku: grappling in light armor, either empty-handed or with a variety of short weapons. With this adoption of Takenouchi-ryu into the historical description of jiu-jitsu, Kano accepted two premises. The first was that Takenouchi-ryu is a school of jiu-jitsu. The second was that Takenouchi-ryu was founded in 1532. Almost all historical descriptions in Kodokan Judo take up these premises, making it common knowledge in the history of Kodokan Judo. However, the premises themselves have never been verified. There is a big issue with the second premise in particular. Takenouchi-ryu claims that it was founded in the sixth month of the Tenbun era. However, historical records show that the Tenbun era started in July, making the claim for 1532 as the foundational date of Takenouchi-ryu obviously suspicious.(※Due to word limit in J-Stage, please refer to the PDF file below)

著者

足立 賢二

出版者

日本文化人類学会

雑誌

日本文化人類学会研究大会発表要旨集 日本文化人類学会第52回研究大会 (ISSN:21897964)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.154, 2018 (Released:2018-05-22)

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日本古武道にとって「文化財であること」は自明視された前提の一つである。近年、日本古武道の文化財指定を目指すロビー活動が盛んになっているが、古武道を「文化財」とする見方の政治性に関する批判的検討は不足する印象を受ける。本発表では「文化財」としての古武道像の成立過程を検討した。検討結果からは、「文化財」としての古武道像が、敗戦後の武道の再出発とその後の武道振興に関係して出現したことを明確化できる。