著者

辻 大地

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 = The Toyo Gakuho (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.4, pp.01-025, 2017-03

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While it is commonly known that sexual and love relations between men in pre-modern society, including that of the ‘Abbāsid Period, were widespread, most of the historical research to date has regarded such relations as synonymous with modern concepts of “homosexuality.” In addition, historians tend to be of the opinion that what may be called the “essentialist” concept of “Islamic homosexuality” has been embraced consistently regardless of time or place, when trying to understand male-male sexual relationships of various places and different periods. In recent years more and more research is being done that reexamines these conventional views. In particular, the research on the Ottoman Period has begun to relocate male-male sexual relationships within the context of sexuality as a whole. Unfortunately, the ‘Abbāsid period has yet to be so reconsidered, mainly due to a paucity of historical sources regarding sexuality during that time. Given such circumstances, the present article is an attempt to show one facet of sexuality at the time, through a consideration of male-male sexual relationships in the ‘Abbāsid period. For this purpose, the author conducts an analysis of the discourse presented in the al-Jāḥiẓ’s Kitāb Mufākhara al-Jawārī wa al-Ghilmān (The Book of the Boasting Match between Girls and Boys) which is almost the only historical material written dealing explicitly with the subject of sexuality. The analysis shows that there was a distinction between “adult males” and “non adult-males,” including not only females but boys, adolescents and so on, with respect to sexual relationships. Moreover, this distinction seems to correspond to a distinction between active and passive roles in sexual intercourse. The author concludes that sexual relationships at the time were based not on modern binary sexual categories of male and female, but rather on a different category fluctuating between “adult males” and “non adult-males.”

著者

辻 大地

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 : 東洋文庫和文紀要 (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.4, pp.454-430, 2017-03

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This article discusses the influence of the suspension of local autonomy by Yuan Shikai (袁世凱) in February 1914, focusing on the irrigation project in Jiangnan (江南). As the summer of that year was marked by drought through Jiangsu (江蘇省) province, an irrigation project involving dredging and so on had to be conducted in both the Jiangnan and Jiangbei (江北) regions. After the suspension of local autonomy, the Jiangnan Irrigation Bureau (Jiangnan Shuili Ju 江南水利局) was established to bring the project into effect, which marks the starting point for this article's examination of local government administration at that time. A part of the research done to date suggests that, after the Third Revolution (第三革命), the provincial assemblies were revived, but local autonomy on the prefectural level was not restored, as the prefectural administrators (xian zhishi 県知事) strengthened their power by continuing to deny local autonomy. However, the author of this article has found that the irrigation project, conducted as one facet of governance at the local level in Jiangnan, were operated as before by the local gentry, in cooperation with authorities such as prefectural administrators and the Jiangnan Irrigation Bureau. In the amidst of political instability after the Xinhai Revolution (辛亥革命), the Beijing (北京) government found itself in fiscal difficulties, and was forced to rely in part on capital funds raised at the local level not only for such public works as the irrigation project, but also for the maintenance of law and order by armed vigilance committees (tuanfang 団防). Consequently, although reforms in legal institutions were carried out from the top down by the central government, public works at the local level still depended as before on local autonomy. In the case of Jiangnan in 1914–15, the importance of the role played by the prefectural gentry in basic echelons of society at the local level continued to be recognized, while the authorities―the prefectural administrators, who had taken on the role of the prefectural administrators in Dynastic China (zhouxian guan 州県官)―were crucial in the affairs of local governance. That being said, after the suspension of local autonomy, the Jiangnan Irrigation Bureau that was established in Suzhou (蘇州) brought together the prefectural gentry. Therefore, although the importance of provincial level administrative offices did increase from that time on, the prefectural gentry still continued to play a very important role in local governance.

著者

辻 大地

出版者

東洋文庫

雑誌

東洋学報 : 東洋文庫和文紀要 (ISSN:03869067)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.4, pp.454-430, 2017-03

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While it is commonly known that sexual and love relations between men in pre-modern society, including that of the 'Abbāsid Period, were widespread, most of the historical research to date has regarded such relations as synonymous with modern concepts of "homosexuality." In addition, historians tend to be of the opinion that what may be called the "essentialist" concept of "Islamic homosexuality" has been embraced consistently regardless of time or place, when trying to understand male-male sexual relationships of various places and different periods. In recent years more and more research is being done that reexamines these conventional views. In particular, the research on the Ottoman Period has begun to relocate male-male sexual relationships within the context of sexuality as a whole. Unfortunately, the 'Abbāsid period has yet to be so reconsidered, mainly due to a paucity of historical sources regarding sexuality during that time. Given such circumstances, the present article is an attempt to show one facet of sexuality at the time, through a consideration of male-male sexual relationships in the 'Abbāsid period. For this purpose, the author conducts an analysis of the discourse presented in the al-Jāḥiẓ's Kitāb Mufākhara al-Jawārī wa al-Ghilmān (The Book of the Boasting Match between Girls and Boys) which is almost the only historical material written dealing explicitly with the subject of sexuality. The analysis shows that there was a distinction between "adult males" and "non adult-males," including not only females but boys, adolescents and so on, with respect to sexual relationships. Moreover, this distinction seems to correspond to a distinction between active and passive roles in sexual intercourse. The author concludes that sexual relationships at the time were based not on modern binary sexual categories of male and female, but rather on a different category fluctuating between "adult males" and "non adult-males."

著者

辻 大地

出版者

美術科教育学会

雑誌

美術教育学:美術科教育学会誌 (ISSN:0917771X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, pp.237-248, 2020 (Released:2022-04-01)

参考文献数

12

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本研究では,認定こども園の3・4歳児クラスを対象にした「楽しかった思い出の絵」の保育実践を参与観察して,その実態を明らかにした。その結果,仮説で提示した幼児期前半期にあたる3歳~4歳ころまでは表象能力が目の前の事物に依存しているため,目の前にある形や色,素材などに直接関わることでイメージをふくらませる内容や,今・ここの目の前の出来事として遊べる内容を楽しむ傾向があることが確認された。また幼児期後半期以降にあたる4歳ころ以降は,表象活動が目の前の事物や出来事だけに依存しない言葉で考えることを楽しむ内容や,今・ここの自分とは異なる他者や過去の自分の立場になって考えて描くことを楽しむことが徐々にできることが確認された。

著者

辻 大地

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

特別研究員奨励費

巻号頁・発行日

2018-04-25

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報告者は昨年度までに、前近代アラブ・イスラーム社会の性愛観念においては、男性/女性という身体的性に基づく区分よりも、成人男性/非・成人男性という社会通念に基づく区分が重要であったことを明らかにしてきた。本年度執筆した、ジェンダー研究に関する書籍の項目(「同性愛/異性愛」『論点・ジェンダー史学』2021年刊行予定、「中世ムスリム社会の男性同性愛と政治」『ひとから問う世界史―ジェンダー視点から』2022年刊行予定)は、主にこれらの成果に基づくものである。一方で、昨年度から今年度にかけての本研究の成果として、中世イスラーム社会において「同性愛」概念に類似した意識が芽生えていた可能性を見出した。すなわち特定の人物がある時点において、中傷行為における言説上の展開や医学知識の伝播によって、実際の行為の有無に限らず「同性と性愛関係を結ぶ者」として捉えられるようになるという可能性である。これは上記の区分と必ずしも矛盾するわけではないが、先行研究が無批判的に前提としてきたテーゼに修正を迫るものである。この内容は、比較ジェンダー史研究会とイスラーム・ジェンダー学科研研究会の合同研究会(「同性愛の比較文化史」)で比較史的観点から問題提起する報告を行なったほか、関連する内容を含む論文を学術誌に投稿し現在査読審査中である。加えて現在までの研究成果に対して第11回日本学術振興会育志賞を受賞した。3年間の本研究課題によって、当初の計画に則った成果に加え、上記の通り「同性愛」概念の形成過程に関する新たな気づきを得られた。そこで来年度以降は、育志賞の副賞によって採用予定の特別研究員(DC2)として本研究を発展させ、博士論文に結実させたい。

著者

辻 大地

出版者

美術科教育学会

雑誌

美術教育学:美術科教育学会誌 (ISSN:0917771X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.269-281, 2019 (Released:2020-04-28)

参考文献数

45

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本研究は,園の保育内容(造形表現)における描画題材について,子どもの表象能力の発達過程の特性に基づいた内容を理論的に設定して提示する題材研究である。 研究の結果,幼児期前半期(1歳半ころ~4歳ころ)と幼児期後半期以降(4歳ころ~)の表象能力の発達の質的な変化に対応した,描画題材の内容の設定が必要であることが明らかになった。また幼児期前半期では表象能力が目の前の事物に依存しているため,目の前にある形や色,素材などに直接関わることでイメージをふくらませる題材や,今・ここの目の前の出来事として遊べる題材が適していること,そして幼児期後半期以降では言葉を使って考えることができるようになるため,表象活動が目の前の事物や出来事だけに依存しない言葉で考えることを楽しむ題材や,今・ここの自分とは異なる他者や過去の自分の立場になって考えることを楽しむ題材ができるようになることが示唆された。