5 0 0 0 OA 物質・技術文化からみた近代数理諸科学の展開(1660-1840)
本研究では、力学、光学、流体力学、および他の数理的な工学理論の分野など「混合数学」として分類されていた諸分野の知識産出に関して、道具や実験機器など(物質・技術文化)が果たした役割を検証した。「混合数学」の歴史は科学史上における二つの重要な時期に関わる。第一は17世紀末におけるニュートン科学のインパクトと18世紀後半の欧州における代数解析の発展である。この時期は、数学の適用が自然哲学の領域に広がったのだが、理論知を産み出すために適切な方法や「実験」の位置付けについての論争があったことが本研究でわかった。第二の時期については数学は工学諸分野に本格的に応用されたのだがその試行錯誤の様子を分析した。
2 0 0 0 OA ヨハン・ベルヌーイの力学 : 衝突法則からの再評価
- 著者
- 野澤 聡
- 出版者
- 日本科学史学会
- 雑誌
- 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.45, no.237, pp.1-10, 2006 (Released:2021-08-11)
While Johann Bernoulli's mathematical researches are well-known and highly appreciated, his researches on mechanics have been less studied. His researches on mechanics have been regarded as an inconsistent aggregation of Cartesian, Newtonian and Leibnizian physics; applying calculus to mehcanics as a Newtonian, advocating "vis viva " as a Lebnizian and adopting vortex theory as a Cartesian. The present paper is aiming at showing insufficiency of traditional researches, which arbitrarily selected examplars from Johann Bernoulli's texts and did not read them as such. The author has argued that Johann Bernoulli used common and consistent framework of "loix de la communication du mouvement " (laws of communication of motion) in his papers of 1724 and 1734. These "loix " embodies both conservation of quantity of motion and that of "vis viva ". In the former paper, he applied the law to collision of two bodies. He extended the explanation to the collisions of multiple bodies and to the motion in a resistent medium. In the latter paper, he introduced the mechanism of "torrent central " (central stream). He applied the same law to it and explained gravitation on the basis of the collisions of subtle matter. These above aspects of his original researches have been overlooked, because his texts were not interpreted properly. The author has also suggested that the "loix de la communication du mouvement " is a crucial concept to understand Johann Bernoulli's mature researches on mechanics consistently.
2 0 0 0 ダニエル・ベルヌーイによる"ベルヌーイの定理"の導出方法
- 著者
- 野澤 聡
- 出版者
- 日本科学史学会
- 雑誌
- 科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.48, no.252, pp.193-203, 2009-12-25
- 被引用文献数
- 2
Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1772) is known for his masterpiece Hydrodynamica (1738), which presented the original formalism of "Bernoulli's Theorem," a fundamental law of fluid mechanics. Previous historical analyses have assumed that Daniel solely used the controversial principle of "conservation of vis viva" to introduce his theorem in this work. The "vis viva controversy" began in the 1680s between Cartesians, who defended the importance of momentum, and Leibnizians, who defended vis viva, as the basis of mechanics. In the 1720s, various Newtonians entered the dispute and sided with the crucial role of momentum. Since then, historians believed that 18th century natural philosophers regarded "vis viva" as incompatible with and opposed to Newtonian mechanics. This article argues that to introduce his theorem, Bernoulli not only used the principle of the conservation of vis viva but also the acceleration law, which originated in Newton's second law of motion. By looking at how eighteenth century scholars actually solved the challenging problems of their period instead of looking only at their philosophical claims, this paper shows the practice of mechanics at that time was far more pragmatic and dynamic than previously realized.
1 0 0 0 OA 18世紀科学史に見る理論と実践の相互作用,2010年度年会報告
1 0 0 0 OA ダニエル・ベルヌーイによる"ベルヌーイの定理"の導出方法
- 著者
- 野澤 聡
- 出版者
- 日本科学史学会
- 雑誌
- 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.48, no.252, pp.193-203, 2009 (Released:2021-08-03)
Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1772) is known for his masterpiece Hydrodynamica (1738), which presented the original formalism of "Bernoulli's Theorem," a fundamental law of fluid mechanics. Previous historical analyses have assumed that Daniel solely used the controversial principle of "conservation of vis viva" to introduce his theorem in this work. The "vis viva controversy" began in the 1680s between Cartesians, who defended the importance of momentum, and Leibnizians, who defended vis viva, as the basis of mechanics. In the 1720s, various Newtonians entered the dispute and sided with the crucial role of momentum. Since then, historians believed that 18th century natural philosophers regarded "vis viva" as incompatible with and opposed to Newtonian mechanics. This article argues that to introduce his theorem, Bernoulli not only used the principle of the conservation of vis viva but also the acceleration law, which originated in Newton's second law of motion. By looking at how eighteenth century scholars actually solved the challenging problems of their period instead of looking only at their philosophical claims, this paper shows the practice of mechanics at that time was far more pragmatic and dynamic than previously realized.
1 0 0 0 OA 歯科処置が糖尿病犬の血糖コントロールに及ぼす影響について
- 著者
- 小田 民美 森 昭博 佐伯 香織 栗島 みゆき 三村 可菜 野澤 聡司 石岡 克己 左向 敏紀
- 出版者
- 日本ペット栄養学会
- 雑誌
- ペット栄養学会誌 (ISSN:13443763)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.14, no.2, pp.76-83, 2011-10-11 (Released:2011-12-16)
- 参考文献数
- 28
糖尿病犬はしばしば尿路感染症や歯周病などの感染症に羅患しやすいことが知られている。またヒトの糖尿病患者において、歯周病は血糖コントロールを悪化させるという報告が数々ある。本研究では糖尿病犬に歯科処置を行い、血糖コントロールにどのような影響を及ぼすかを検討した。本学で飼育している糖尿病犬4頭を用いた。血液サンプリングは歯科処置前と歯科処置1、2、3、4週間後に行った。測定項目は、空腹時血糖値 (FBG) と長期血糖コントロールマーカーとして用いられる糖化アルブミン (GA) を測定した。また、炎症マーカーとして腫瘍壊死因子-α (TNF-α) 、CRP、生体内酸化ストレスマーカーとして酸化ストレス度を示すd-ROM、抗酸化力を示すBAPを測定した。GAとCRPは歯科処置前に比べ4週間後で有意に低下した。しかし、FBG、TNF-αには処置前後で有意な変化は認められなかった。d-ROMは処置前後で有意な変化は認められなかったが、BAPは処置前に比べ処置後4週間で有意に上昇していた。以上より、歯科処置が口腔内炎症を抑制し、血糖コントロールを良化させたと考えられる。さらに、炎症の抑制や血糖コントロールの改善が、生体内における抗酸化力を増加させたことが示唆された。