著者
隠岐 さや香 野澤 聡 小林 学 但馬 亨
出版者
広島大学
雑誌
基盤研究(C)
巻号頁・発行日
2011-04-28

本研究では、力学、光学、流体力学、および他の数理的な工学理論の分野など「混合数学」として分類されていた諸分野の知識産出に関して、道具や実験機器など(物質・技術文化)が果たした役割を検証した。「混合数学」の歴史は科学史上における二つの重要な時期に関わる。第一は17世紀末におけるニュートン科学のインパクトと18世紀後半の欧州における代数解析の発展である。この時期は、数学の適用が自然哲学の領域に広がったのだが、理論知を産み出すために適切な方法や「実験」の位置付けについての論争があったことが本研究でわかった。第二の時期については数学は工学諸分野に本格的に応用されたのだがその試行錯誤の様子を分析した。
著者
佐々木 秀文 春日 井貴雄 小林 学 堀田 哲夫
出版者
一般社団法人 国立医療学会
雑誌
医療 (ISSN:00211699)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.10, pp.861-863, 1995-10-20 (Released:2011-10-19)
参考文献数
5
被引用文献数
1

今回私どもは経肛門的直腸内異物の1例を経験したので報告する. 症例は37歳男性で, 自分でラムネのびんを肛門から挿入後, 摘出できなくなった. 当院入院後, 腰椎麻酔下にびんを摘出した.
著者
小林 学
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究. 第II期 (ISSN:00227692)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.254, pp.65-77, 2010-06-25

Seikan Ishigai argued that the most critical innovation involving boilers was changing their shapes, for example from cylindrical to water-tube boilers. Poor material and processing technology made the development of the water-tube boiler difficult in the 19th century. Ishigai didn't pay enough attention to the material technology of boilers. In the late 1930's, H.W. Dickinson and E.C. Smith wrote a comprehensive history of the stationary and marine steam engine respectively. But they didn't pay proper attention to the relationship between engines and boilers. The author tries to explain the transition from cylindrical to water-tube boilers using steel for marine navigation. The popularization of thermodynamics among engineers and ship-owners stimulated the invention of the high-pressure marine steam engine. In the 1870's, Alexander Carnegie Kirk tried to make a water-tube boiler for the triple expansion engine. But it was too complex to put the water-tube boiler into practical use. Around the same time, William Siemens invented the open hearth steel process. In the 1880's, Kirk adopted cylindrical steel boilers and triple expansion engines. The practical application of the water-tube boilers required the invention of seamless steel tube. Understanding the transition from cylindrical to water-tube boilers alone isn't sufficient to understand the comprehensive history of the steam engine. Material and processing technology played a decisive role in the development of the marine boiler in that period.
著者
石田崇 小林学 梅澤克之 平澤茂一
雑誌
第75回全国大会講演論文集
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2013, no.1, pp.471-472, 2013-03-06

本稿では情報数理教育を対象として,インタラクティブなコンテンツに対する電子教材の試作を検討する.具体的にはRSA暗号に対するインタラクティブな教育コンテンツを作成し,評価を行う.このとき,マルチプラットフォーム化を念頭におき,コンテンツはHTML,CSS,JavaScriptのみを使用して構築する.数式の表示はMathJaxにより行う.さらにPhoneGapを用いてマルチプラットフォームに対応可能なアプリ化を検討する.
著者
小林 学 平澤 茂一
出版者
一般社団法人電子情報通信学会
雑誌
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. NLP, 非線形問題 (ISSN:09135685)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.113, no.116, pp.117-122, 2013-07-01

自動分類問題や回帰問題に対して,2001年にL. Breimanにより提案されたランダムフォレストは,CARTによって生成した複数の木を用いることにより,大変良い性能を発揮することが知られている.本稿では単一あるいは複数の回帰木を用いて,2次元データである画像の無歪み圧縮を行う手法について検討する.このとき画像圧縮の特性に着目し,すでに圧縮した箇所を説明変数とし,次に圧縮する色要素を目的変数として扱う.圧縮対象の画像についてCART及びランダムフォレストで学習を行い,学習結果である回帰木をまず符号化する.次にこれらの回帰木を用いて圧縮対象の各画素値の推定を行い,推定値と画素値との差分のみを圧縮する.結果的に,いくつかの画像に適用したときにPNG 形式よりも圧縮可能であることを示す.
著者
鈴木 佐俊 小林 学 後藤 正幸
出版者
公益社団法人 日本経営工学会
雑誌
日本経営工学会論文誌 (ISSN:13422618)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.2, pp.63-76, 2023-07-15 (Released:2023-08-15)
参考文献数
29

家庭用電力消費量データには世帯単位の生活スタイルの情報が含まれており,耐久消費財や世帯向けサービスのマーケティングに有用な情報である.しかし一般的に電力消費量はスマートメータで主幹電力のみが検針されており,家電製品の稼働状態は推定する必要がある.従来ディスアグリゲーション技術を用いて各家電製品の電力消費量を推定する試みはいくつか研究されているが,追加センサが必要になるなど実用上はコスト面の問題が存在した.これに対し,本研究ではマーケティング用途に特化した世帯属性情報として観測された主幹電力データから家電製品の稼働・非稼働を推定することに特化した問題を定型化し,混合正規分布を用いてスナップショットでの状態推定モデルを提案する.またシミュレーション実験により,提案モデルが実用上有効な正解率を有していることを示すとともに,推定のインプットとなる機器状態の事前確率分布と提案手法との関係性について示す.本モデルは追加センサを必要としない,低いコストでマーケティングに利用可能な世帯のエネルギー消費傾向情報を得る世帯属性の推定方法であり,エネルギー事業者にとって世帯を対象とした省エネ推進等の施策のための基礎情報として活用が期待できる.
著者
小林 学
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.254, pp.65-77, 2010 (Released:2021-08-02)

Seikan Ishigai argued that the most critical innovation involving boilers was changing their shapes, for example from cylindrical to water-tube boilers. Poor material and processing technology made the development of the water-tube boiler difficult in the 19th century. Ishigai didn't pay enough attention to the material technology of boilers. In the late 1930's, H.W. Dickinson and E.C. Smith wrote a comprehensive history of the stationary and marine steam engine respectively. But they didn't pay proper attention to the relationship between engines and boilers. The author tries to explain the transition from cylindrical to water-tube boilers using steel for marine navigation. The popularization of thermodynamics among engineers and ship-owners stimulated the invention of the high-pressure marine steam engine. In the 1870's, Alexander Carnegie Kirk tried to make a water-tube boiler for the triple expansion engine. But it was too complex to put the water-tube boiler into practical use. Around the same time, William Siemens invented the open hearth steel process. In the 1880's, Kirk adopted cylindrical steel boilers and triple expansion engines. The practical application of the water-tube boilers required the invention of seamless steel tube. Understanding the transition from cylindrical to water-tube boilers alone isn't sufficient to understand the comprehensive history of the steam engine. Material and processing technology played a decisive role in the development of the marine boiler in that period.
著者
小林 学
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.236, pp.191-202, 2005 (Released:2021-08-11)

The historical development of steam boilers has been a popular issue among historians and engineers in Japan. The most prominent example is Seikan Ishigai. Drawing on his extensive study of the steam boiler, Ishigai defines the contradiction between power and control as an intrinsic law of the development of technology. In other words, he is a technological determinist. Trevor Pinch, Wiebe Bijker's approach (Social Construction of Technology : SCOT) and also Thomas Hughes's technological systems approach, on the other hand, give more weight to external factors, and do not give proper attention to technology's own dynamics. Critical of both the approaches, the author sees the relationship between engines and boilers as the locus of the development of the steam boiler. The author too argues that the quest for efficiency is a crucial factor in the development of marine steam engines. The author tries to show that the new engine entailed a different type of boiler, it was not opposite. That is the engine played a more crucial role than the boiler in the development of the marine propulsion system. It was the engine that moved a propeller or a paddle of a ship, not the boiler. He concludes that the history of the marine boiler is a history of relationship among the engine, the boiler and the propulsion system. An internalist or externalist approach alone may not be able to account for this complex relationship.
著者
小林 学
出版者
日本科学史学会
雑誌
科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.221, pp.14-25, 2002 (Released:2021-08-16)

The author discusses the relation between material technology and technology development. As a case study, The author selects steam boiler because the influence of material is especially remarkable and the development process has been clear. The low-pressure steam engine's boiler Materials had changed from copper to Wrought iron. This change hadn't necessarily taken place technological merits. This had taken place cost and ease of acquisition. When development of High-pressure steam engine began in 1800, Cylindrical Boiler was developed so that the boiler could deal with High-pressure steam safety and could have more heating surface. However, it was difficult for steam boilers to resist high-pressure steam at 19th century. Many Engineers required the material to have high tensile strength and corrosion resistance so that they might prevent steam-boiler explosions. Thus, Material Technology is important for development of steam boiler. Nevertheless, few studied how about material developments influenced developments of steam boiler. William Fairbairn, Daniel Adamson, and Henry Bessemer made a great contribution to the improvement of Steam Pressure-resistant in boilers. The author shows as follow, Firstly new material didn't have to substitute old one because it's impossible to make new materials into the form to work very well. Secondary the changing of boiler type is major; the change of materials is secondary. One boiler types gradually was improved the material technology. However, the change of types of boilers occurred when one type couldn't satisfy the demand in power and thermal efficiency. Thirdly, it's important for the development of one steam boiler, that it changed the material technology. But at all, we also found another tending, it was neglected till now. Because one specific works restricted machines and mechanism early in steam boiler development. For this reason, the factor of materials is most important, but materials problem was solved lately.
著者
小林 学 水野 浩司 水野 勉 山田 一
出版者
公益社団法人 日本磁気学会
雑誌
日本応用磁気学会誌 (ISSN:02850192)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.4, pp.861-864, 1997-04-15
参考文献数
9
被引用文献数
9 3

This paper deals with the performance characteristics of a two-axis linear pulse motor (<i>X-Y</i> LPM) using air bearing. The mass, <i>M</i>, of the mover of <i>X-Y</i> LPM is 1.35 kg and the maximum static thrust, <i>F</i><sub>s</sub>, is 48.5 N with two-phase excitation at 2 A. The maximum velocity of the mover, <i>v</i>, is 1.4 m/s and the maximum acceleration, <i>a</i>, is 14.3 m/s<sup>2</sup> at a velocity of 1 m/s without any load. The kinetic thrust, Fk, is 19.3 N. A non-oriented magnetic steel sheet, 50A350, is used as the core in the mover, and rolled steel for general structures, SS400, is used as the stator. The maximum flux densities, <i>B</i><sub>m</sub>, of 50A350 and SS400 are 1.45 T and 0.123 T, respectively, in a magnetic field with a maximum intensity of 1 kA/m and at a frequency of 1 kHz. The material of the stator must have a high magnetic flux density at the driving frequency to achieve high velocity and high-thrust driving of the <i>X-Y</i> LPM.