著者

赤塚 真依子 玉村 修司 五十嵐 敏文 金子 勝比古

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.7, pp.459-464, 2015-07-01 (Released:2015-07-01)

参考文献数

30

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As one of the application of coal resources, domestic and overseas industries have been focusing on the recovery of methane from coal resources by methanogens using low-molecular weight acids or hydrogen that are converted from the organic matter in coal. For this application, it is essential to enhance the extraction of organic matter from low-rank coal (lignite) and maximize the conversion rate to consumable substrates for methanogen. In this study, we focused on the effects of chelating and reducing agents on the extraction of organics and metals from low-rank coal. Citric acid (chelating and reducing agent) and EDTA (chelating agent) were chosen as typical solvents. In the presence of citric acid, the Fe (II) concentration was correlated with the concentration of extracted organics as well as the total Fe. By contrast, the Fe (II) concentration was constantly at a low level for each EDTA concentration and pH. The absorbance (280 nm) of both solutions was almost the same when the total Fe concentrations were similar, regardless of the concentrations of Fe (II) , Al, Mg and Ca. These results indicated that organics from lignite were extracted with the leaching of Fe (III) and that the effects of reduction on the extraction of organics were insignificant. Excitation emission matrix spectra analysis suggested that humic acid was the main component of the extracted organics from lignite. The amount of acetic acid and formic acid released from 1g of lignite was calculated to be in the range 0.14 to 0.25 mg, and it was observed no correlation of the released amount with the citric acid /EDTA concentrations. Further research to obtain substrates such as low-molecularweight acids from the extracted organic materials is necessary for methane production using methanogens.

著者

川﨑 了 小潟 暁 広吉 直樹 恒川 昌美 金子 勝比古 寺島 麗

出版者

一般社団法人 日本応用地質学会

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.10-18, 2010 (Released:2013-03-31)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

14 15

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筆者らは, 土や岩の代表的なセメント物質である炭酸カルシウムまたはシリカを主成分とし, 微生物の代謝活動により土や岩の間隙や岩の割れ目を自然に閉塞させる新たな概念に基づくグラウト, すなわち, バイオグラウトを開発するための基礎的な研究を実施中である. 本論文では, 炭酸カルシウムを用いたバイオグラウト, すなわち, 炭酸カルシウム法に関して検討を実施した結果について報告する. 具体的には, 日本各地より採取した自然の土壌中に生息する微生物を用いて試験管による炭酸カルシウムの析出試験を行い, 試験時における温度の違いが炭酸カルシウム析出に与える影響について調査した. その結果, 温度5~35℃の低~中温域において, 土壌微生物により炭酸カルシウムが試験管内に析出することが示唆された. 一方, 試験に用いた土壌微生物の菌数測定および遺伝子解析を実施し, 試験前後の土壌中に含まれる微生物相の変化に関して, 生菌数, 最も出現頻度の高い菌の菌数およびその帰属分類群を用いることにより比較を行った. その結果, それらは主にPenicillium属およびAspergillus属の菌類であり, 有機栄養源を活発に代謝することにより菌数が増加したものと推定された.

著者

金子 勝比古 村田 健司 柴 拓海 大見 美智人

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

日本鉱業会誌 (ISSN:03694194)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.1187, pp.9-15, 1987-01-25 (Released:2011-07-13)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2

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To discuss the validity of theoretical expressions, shown in eq.(1), for rock deformability obtained in the 1st report, a series of experimental studies on the elastic moduli of rock is performed.To evaluate the theoretical expressions requires the knowledge of the crack density Φ, the intrinsic elastic moduli E and ν, the frictional coefficient μ on the crack surface, and the state coefficient q. q proposed in the 1st report is the ratio of the crack density of open cracks to that of total cracks.Four kinds of granite specimens with different crack concentration were employed in experiments. Modal analysis, hydrostatic compression test, and observation of cracks on the polished surface of specimens were carried out. By analyzing these results, the crack density and the intrinsic elastic moduli of the specimen were evaluated and the theoretical values of effective elastic moduli were calculated in two cases, that q=1.0 and q=0.0, by using eq.(1). q=1.0 corresponds to the case that all pre-existing cracks are open and q=0.0 corresponds to the case of closed cracks. The former condition gives the minimum values of the elastic moduli and the latter one gives the maximum values.The tangential elastic moduli of the specimen were measured as a function of the applied stress by uniaxial compression test. The maximum. and minimum values of elastic moduli obtained experimentaly were comnared with the thenretiral vallieq Reasonable agreement was obtained (shown in Table 3 and Table 4).It is concluded that the theory proposed has a promise to estimate rock deformability quantitatively.

著者

荒牧 憲隆 A.K.M. Badrul Alam 玉村 修司 上野 晃生 村上 拓馬 金子 勝比古

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.7, pp.173-181, 2017-07-01 (Released:2017-07-28)

参考文献数

33

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Peat from highly organic soil is abundant in Northern Hokkaido, Japan. In the past, peat was used in various applications in Japan, such as an artificial culture of soil, as a fertilizer for gardening, and as an energy resource. However, peat is not used by the modern energy and manufacturing sectors in Japan because it has a high moisture content and low calorific value, which lowers its value as a resource considering its material characteristics and handling difficulties. Furthermore, large amounts of peat are generated at the construction sites in this area, and they are difficult to be reused at their generation sites because peat is a very soft soil and not suitable for construction work. Recently, many Japanese research institutions have been carrying out research and development on renewable energy resources including biomass energy. In Hokkaido, there are many biogas plants for methanizing biomass derived from livestock excrement or food waste. Thus, peat which is high in organic matter could potentially be used as an energy resource. In this study, we investigated the potential of utilizing peat as an energy resource for biogenic methane production in regional cities of Northern Hokkaido, while considering both its material characteristics and resource circulation. Batch tests using a hydrogen peroxide solution were performed on peat and silty soil to estimate the quantity of low-molecular-weight organic acids and the producing potential for biogenic methane gas. The oxidative decomposition of the peat produced a high yield of low-molecular-weight organic acids that were used as substrates for methanogenic microorganisms. In addition, a novel resource circulation method was proposed for peat in order to use it as an energy resource. Moreover, the energy resources problem in Northern Hokkaido was discussed in association with geographical parameters and the construction recycling system in Japan.

著者

荒牧 憲隆 A.K.M. Badrul Alam 玉村 修司 上野 晃生 村上 拓馬 金子 勝比古

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.132, no.12, pp.190-198, 2016-12-01 (Released:2016-12-16)

参考文献数

23

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Recently, the possibility of realizing a subsurface bio-reactor has been realized since microbial methanogenesis has been confirmed in diverse subsurface environments such as coalbeds or petroleum reservoirs. We propose a new gasification method for use in subsurface environments, known as the Subsurface Cultivation and Gasification (SCG). SCG was devised based on the production of biogenic methane gas in subsurface environments. This approach employed hydrogen peroxide to decompose organic matter rapidly. Conversion of organic matter from source rocks into biomethane with the help of microorganisms is expected to be highly profitable. In this study, a series of batch tests using a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution were performed on lignite to estimate the potential of low-molecular-weight organic acid production. The effects of several factors on the production of low-molecular-weight organic acids have been considered, such as, concentration of H2O2, temperature, liquid-solid ratio, and specific subsurface area of lignite. It was found that the quantity of low-molecular-weight organic acids depended on temperature, liquid-solid ratio, and specific subsurface area of lignite; however, there isn't a unique relationship between them and the H2O2 concentration. Moreover, the mass of lignite reduced remarkably when batch tests were performed with a high concentration of H2O2. If H2O2 is to be injected into a target seam with the SCG method, we should estimate the optimum H2O2 concentration to produce low-molecular-weight organic acids with taking into consideration the mechanical stability of the target seam as well as the subsurface environmental chemical reaction with a geological improvement.

著者

小林 快次 金子 勝比古

出版者

北海道大学

雑誌

基盤研究(B)

巻号頁・発行日

2006

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本研究によって、非鳥類型恐竜類から鳥類への脳や骨の進化過程において多くの情報を得ることができ、またそれらの境界を探ることができた。脳の進化過程としては、特に嗅覚の肥大・縮小というマクロの構造変化に注目することによって、非鳥類型恐竜から鳥類への生活や食性の変化を明らかにすることができた。このことは、中生代当時の生態系において、恐竜たちがどのようにニッチを奪い合って進化してきたかをみることが可能になり、これまで考えられてきた以上に複雑な進化をしていたことがわかった。また、これらの境界にあたるグループで鳥類に属すか否かの議論がされているオビラプトロサウルス類においても、脳の構造の視点から、これは非鳥類型恐竜に属すことが考えられ、体骨格の鳥類に類似した特徴は収斂進化であることを示す。活や食性の進化と同様、恐竜は複雑な進化を遂げながら、鳥類へ移行していったことがわかった。今後の課題としては、マクロなスケールではなくよりミクロな構造を分析することである。このさらなる研究によって、脳や神経システムからみた恐竜類の進化過程がより明らかになってくるであろう。