著者

高野 雅俊 浅野 聡 西浜 章平 吉塚 和治

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.9, pp.83-88, 2019-09-30 (Released:2019-09-27)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 2

---

Lithium is widely used in industry products such as pottery or glass additives, glass flux for continuous casting of steel, grease, medicine, battery. In particular, since lithium ion batteries, which are secondary batteries, have high energy density and high voltage, recent applications have expanded as batteries for electronic devices such as laptop computers, as automotive batteries for electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles. Therefore, demand for lithium is rapidly increasing. However, in the recovery of lithium from a salt lake, brine containing many impurities such as sulfate and magnesium ions are not effectively utilized because solar evaporation cannot be used. We developed the λ-MnO2 adsorbent in order to selectively recover lithium from such brine. In this study, we investigated the adsorption characteristics such as adsorption capacity, adsorption rate and selectivity of lithium by batch mixing and column test using simulated brine. The adsorbent prepared by hydrometallurgical process had higher adsorption capacity and rate of lithium than the adsorbent prepared by pyrometallurgical process.

著者

野呂田 晋 岩崎 雄一 荻野 激

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.4-8, pp.21-28, 2023-08-31 (Released:2023-08-18)

参考文献数

24

---

We analyzed the temporal changes in water quality variables (pH and concentrations of Fe and As) of mine drainages and downstream rivers at the Shojin-gawa Mine in Hokkaido, Japan, based on water quality monitoring data from 1992 to 2020. We also examined the correlations between mine drainages and river waters for these three water quality variables. With some exceptions (e.g., increasing trends in pH for mine drainages in the Shojin-gawa pit area), we found no trend of improvement in the three water quality variables over the studied period in most of the mine drainages and river waters. In addition, water quality variables at the most downstream study site, Orito-gawa A (the target site for achieving environmental water quality standards), showed higher correlations (r > 0.5) with those at the most downstream site of the Amemasu River affected by mine drainages from the Amemasu-gawa pit area than those at the most downstream site of the Shojin River affected by mine drainages from the Shojin-gawa pit area. Fe and As concentrations at the most downstream site of the Amemasu River were largely influenced by mine drainages from the Amemasu-gawa pit area (i.e., Taisei and Chugiri pits). These results highlight the importance of monitoring water quality at the most downstream site of the Amemasu River to assess the influence of mine drainages on the changes in water quality at site Orito-gawa A. Additionally, we observed relatively high correlations between electric conductivity (EC) and concentrations of several elements at the most downstream site of the Amemasu River. Therefore, in-situ measurement of EC may be beneficial for performing screening-level assessments or low-cost monitoring of water quality when considering and implementing sustainable water quality monitoring methods over the long term.

著者

三宅 裕

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.124, no.9, pp.554-561, 2008-09-25 (Released:2011-02-15)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

---

The exploitation of copper in Ancient Western Asia has a long history. Already in the Neolithic period malachite was used as raw material for bead and pigment, and then native copper was shaped into small objects by hammering and annealing. Based on the evidence from copper objects and workshops found in Iran and Anatolia, smelting and casting were carried out in the 5th millennium B.C. In the early copper production it is likely that the oxide ores such as malachite were used as raw material which was smelted in the crucible set on the shallow pit furnace with the aid of blow pipes. The advent of alloy in the late 4th millennium B.C., another significant development in early metallurgy, might make casting easier and more successful. The first copper alloy was arsenical copper which continued to produce until the end of the Middle Bronze Age along with bronze, an alloy of copper and tin. By the second half of the 3rd millennium the copper production in the vicinity of the sources became prevailing. The Late Bronze Age shipwrecks in the Mediterranean provide good evidence for the long distance trade of copper and tin in the shape of ingot.

著者

清水 賀之 畠山 信夫 花村 英悟 渡部 一雄 横山 由香 益山 忠

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.7, pp.52-62, 2019-07-31 (Released:2019-07-05)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

---

Flow characteristics of slurry with rare-earth rich mud are investigated to examine lifting systems for mining rare-earth elements from deep seabed. Twelve samples, extracted from different locations and depths from seabed around the Minamitorishima with several concentration of rare-earth elements are mixed up with sea water to make slurry with specified volume concentration of mud 1.0% to 10.0%. Cone-plate type rotary viscometers are used to examine relations between shear stress and shear rate of slurry in each volume concentration of mud. As a result, it was found that shape of graph; the shear stress in the vertical axis and the shear rate in the horizontal axis was concave down and increasing during whole range of the shear rate. The shear stress increased gradually as the shear rate increased in case of low volume concentration of mud up to 3.0%. On the other hand, the shear stress changed significantly at small shear rate, and then gradually increased, then lineally in the end in case of larger volume concentration. In addition, similar characteristics under the same volume concentration, even though tested samples were extracted from different locations, depths and concentration of rare-earth elements. Further, three types of fluid model; the Power low model, the Bingham-Papanastasiou model and the Herchel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou model were fitted on the data using the least square techniques, then compared with each other. The last two models, i.e., the Bingham-Papanastasiou model and the Herchel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou model corrects deviations from the data when using “original” the Bingham model and the Herchel-Bulkley model, especially in the range of small shear rate under high volume concentration of mud. The Herchel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou model was the most appropriate model within the three models. Furthermore, correlation equations for parameters of the HerchelBulkley-Papanastasiou model were derived related to volume concentration of mud.

著者

西松 裕一

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.2, pp.34-44, 2017-02-01 (Released:2017-02-28)

参考文献数

5

---

This is an essay on the methodology and practical process of the research work in the field of engineering science. In this paper, firstly the philosophy and concept of scientific research is discussed. Secondly, the author describes the present procedure of the publishing of research papers in the journal of some academic or professional societies, as well as the review system which is indispensable for certification of the academic quality of research papers. Thirdly, some processes of study and academic training from the graduate student up to the professional researcher are concretely explained.Furthermore, the author indicates the important role of technical abilities of each researcher, which include mathematical analysis and designing of experimental equipments applied for the research works.Next, the author describes the practical process of research works, which starts from the search and decision of research theme, through the evaluation of its expected contributions as well as possibility of success, the theoretical analysis and/or experimental work on the decided research theme, and the examination of test results or the verification of test run of theoretical analysis, attains to the publishing of results of the research work.Finally, the process and measure of evaluation of the quality of research papers are discussed from academic and industrial points of view, and some features of the excellent research paper are described.

著者

大塚 尚寛

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.5, pp.60-69, 2022-05-31 (Released:2022-05-13)

参考文献数

38

---

Aggregate is important as a basic material that supports Japan's industrial economy, along with steel, cement, wood, and non-ferrous metals as construction materials for civil engineering and construction. After the Great East Japan Earthquake, the importance of aggregate as a basic material was reaffirmed, and the demand for aggregate is currently in a slight increase or leveling off, and the annual production has been around 380 million tons. In this review, overviewing the transition of aggregate production in Japan from the viewpoint of aggregate resources, the current issues and future prospects are explained. It mentions the shift to mining method in harmony with the environment to enable “sustainable development” on the premise of coexistence with the region, which is an important issue in the mining and production of aggregate. Then, it will be described that trends such as the construction of smart mining system that utilize ICT, IoT, AI, etc. with the aim of responding to labor shortages due to the declining birthrate, aging population, and the advent of a declining population.

著者

松本 佑美 鈴木 亮利 千葉 雄大 新井 剛

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.8, pp.481-486, 2015

被引用文献数

3

---

Palladium will be most increased demand in rare metals because the use of electrical and electronic fields in the future. Therefore, it is nesessary to construct the stable supply of resource in our country. Currently, the separation and recovery of palladium from urban mines have trying to carry out the solvent extraction method using the dihexylsulfide (DHS) extractant as the mainstream. However, DHS have some problems which the extraction process is lengthening because DHSs extraction rapid is so slowly. In this study, it was focused that triphenylphosphine (TPP) as an alternative DHS extractant. TPP shows the extraction rapid is about 5-6 times higher than DHS extractant. Therefore, we have been investgating to establish the Palladium separation and recovery process using TPP extractant. In our previous work, it was found that the multistep extraction is possible to separate Pd(II), Au(III)and Ni(II) from the coated electronic parts waste which use Cu as base material using TPP extractant. In this work, we investigated that the separation and extraction behavior of Pd(II), Au(III), Ni(II) and Cu(II) using TPP extractant. Furthermore, we considered that the separation and recovery process from the coated electronic parts waste by the extraction method with TPP extractant.

著者

松川 瞬 板倉 賢一 早野 明 鈴木 幸司

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.11, pp.256-263, 2017-11-01 (Released:2017-11-16)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

---

LIDAR (Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) detects a rock mass surface as a point cloud, and threedimensional configurations of the rock mass can be obtained from the point cloud. In previous studies, algorithms to estimate discontinuities from a point cloud have been developed. In those algorithms, it is necessary to determine geological parameters in advance. DiAna(Discontinuity Analysis) is a Matlab tool which was developed for geostructural analysis of rock mass discontinuities. It is a semi-automatic tool. DiAna segments a point cloud into bounding boxes to estimate the surface of a rock mass. However, an expert's skills necessary to determine the appropriate size of the bounding boxes for DiAna. We developed the VBS (Variable-Box Segmentation) algorithm to determine the appropriate box size depending on the location of the point cloud and to estimate the surface of a rock mass. The VBS algorithm consists principally of three processes: large box segmentation, small box segmentation, and merging. The small boxes are merged to obtain an appropriate box size. The surface of the rock mass is estimated using the point cloud in the box. The performance of the VBS algorithms was evaluated using point clouds obtained by a geological survey. For evaluation, we estimated reference rock mass surfaces manually using the point cloud and geological sketches by geologists. Similarities among the respective reference surfaces and the surfaces estimated using the VBS algorithm were measured. Similarities among the respective reference surfaces and the surfaces estimated using the DiAna algorithm were also measured. The similarities among them were compared using standard competition ranking. The results of comparison showed that the VBS algorithm estimated planes more accurately for the reference planes than the DiAna algorithm. Therefore, the VBS algorithm determines appropriate box sizes automatically depending on the location of the point cloud and estimates the surface appropriately.

著者

萩野 翼 富山 眞吾 五十嵐 敏文

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.2, pp.24-35, 2021-02-28 (Released:2021-02-26)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

2

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This study involved a mine in Akita Prefecture, Japan, which was closed in the 1970s and from which acid mine drainage (AMD) flows directly into a nearby river. Local residents use river water downstream of the mine, at a point-of-use, for agricultural purposes. In selecting factors to be used as a contribution index, the flow rate at multiple points including tributaries, and the concentrations of dissolved ions and heavy metals, were measured periodically and their trends evaluated. The river flow rate increases with rainfall, the AMD flow increases during the snowmelt season. These two periods and the river low-flow period were selected for study. Mine drainage is acidic (pH 3.0-3.6), and comprises Mg-SO4 type water quality throughout the year, with higher concentrations of SO42-, S-Fe, Cu, and Zn than those of river water. Downstream of the mine, where the AMD merges, the concentrations of heavy metals gradually decreased with increasing distance downstream, particularly during the low-flow period. The SO42- fluxes did not change from above to below the AMD merge-point, and the heavy metals fluxes decreased after merging in the order S-Fe > Cu > Zn. As for the factors that decrease the concentration and fluxes, the possibility is considered that S-Fe has an effect of oxidizing and precipitating Fe2+ due to the increase in pH by the mixing with river water and dissolved oxygen. And Cu, Zn has an effect of adsorption accompanying the formation of surface complex of iron precipitates. The AMD contains high concentrations (320-400 mg L-1) of SO42- due to the acidification of pyrite, and no precipitation of heavy metals was observed in the stream. Since precipitation phenomena such as heavy metals are not recognized in SO42-, an index indicating the degree of impact of AMD on the water quality of the point-of-use was calculated using SO42- as a contribution ratio; CR. The CR of the AMD to water quality at the point-of-use is in the range of 2%-12%.

著者

黒川 晴正

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.6, pp.74-80, 2018-06-30 (Released:2018-06-30)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

3 6

---

Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. produces copper, precious metals and rare metals as by-products at the Toyo Copper Smelter & Refinery, and nickel and cobalt at the Niihama Nickel Refinery. Precious metals contained in the nickel ore, are also separated and refined at the Toyo Refinery after concentration. Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. has been refining precious metals by pyrometallurgical method for 400 years. In recent years Sumitomo renewed the refining process using fully advanced hydrometallurgical technology and engineering technology developed by its own. The development circumstances of the new precious metal refining processes, constitution of the new process and the operation results of this process is discussed in this paper.

著者

冨田 新二 岡部 修平

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.10, pp.137-141, 2018-10-31 (Released:2018-10-26)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

---

Coal provides about 40 % of total world primary energy supply now. Coal is one of the most available, affordable and accessible energy resources both in terms of sustainable supply as well as economy. Coal is carbon-intensive fuel and emits a significant amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere per unit of heat energy. So it is important to develop coal utilization technologies to minimize environmental impact, so called "Clean Coal Technology". Coal production and consumption trends in the world are changing due to fluctuations in coal prices, policies of governments of various countries, and so on.

著者

佐々木 秀顕 二宮 裕磨 岡部 徹

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.3, pp.14-24, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-03-31)

参考文献数

170

被引用文献数

1 7

---

In the process of electrorefining of copper, application of higher current density increases the tendency of anode passivation. The passivation disrupts the sound operation of the electrorefining process, reducing the current efficiency and the quality of copper deposited on the cathode. Therefore, anode passivation should be avoided in industrial electrolytic cells. Anode passivation is attributed to the precipitation of copper sulfate, which is saturated locally in the vicinity of the anode surface. When a copper anode contains high concentrations of insoluble impurities that form slime on the anode surface, the tendency of anode passivation increases. Because e-waste often contains such elements that induce anode passivation as well as the harmful elements from the concentrate, the operation of the electrorefining process becomes difficult when the feeding ratio of secondary materials (scraps) is increased. To promote the recycling of metals and reduce energy consumpution in the process, it is essential to develop a passivationprevention technology for low-grade copper anodes. This article outlines the physicochemical basis of anode passivation and reviews earlier research with a focus on experimental techniques. Past research on anode passivation of pure Cu anodes, which was carried out to understand the precipitation of copper sulfate quantitatively, is also reviewed to explain the relationship between passivation and current density.

著者

稲野 浩行 富田 恵一 多田 達実 広吉 直樹

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.136, no.4, pp.25-32, 2020-04-30 (Released:2020-04-28)

参考文献数

33

---

Reduction melting methods to remove Pb from lead silicate glasses such as cathode ray tube funnel glass have been extensively studied. In this paper, reduction melting of a model lead glass was conducted using printed circuit board as reductant. Model lead silicate glass, viscosity reducing agent (Na2CO3), and printed circuit board were mixed and melted at 1473 K. Metal phase mainly composed of Pb was formed and settled in the melting glass residue. With increasing printed circuit board addition, the amount of metal phase increased and the concentrations of PbO remained in the glass residue decreased, indicating that addition of printed circuit board is effective to remove Pb from the Pb glass. By EDS analysis, it was confirmed that Cu, Ni and Sn are contained in the metal phase, indicating that metals in printed circuit board are recovered with Pb.

著者

杉山 博信 陳 友晴

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.10, pp.89-93, 2019-10-31 (Released:2019-10-31)

参考文献数

24

---

12CaO・7Al2O3 electride is one of the outstanding materials expected to be applied in various fields such as electronics and catalyst, and generally fabricated by sintering high purity CaCO3 and Al2O3. We attempted to fabricate 12CaO・7Al2O3 electride using limestone as a raw material instead of using high purity CaCO3 aiming at further industrial use, and investigated the gas adsorption properties of the fabricated samples. Three samples, two from limestone and one from high purity CaCO3, were prepared and exposed to the atmosphere for about 9 hours, and then the gas adsorption properties of them were analyzed by Py-GC/MS. As a result, desorption of N2 and O2 which are abundant in the atmosphere was not observed by heating the samples exposed to the atmosphere up to 700℃, while desorption of CO and CH4 was identified. It is implied that the desorbed CO originates from CO2 in the atmosphere. This result indicates these samples might selectively adsorb CO2 and CH4 as compared with N2 and O2. Furthermore, for the limestone derived samples, the selectivity of CO2 and CH4 adsorption was improved and this result indicated the possibility that the CO2 adsorption capacity of these samples is higher than that made from high purity CaCO3. One reason of this phenomena is inferred the changes in the electronic state of material surfaces due to the doping of impurities contained in limestones, such as Mg, Sr, and Cu, into the Ca sites of the cage-like structure in 12CaO・7Al2O3 electride.

著者

干場 一矢 ポヌ ジョジアヌ ドドビバ ジョルジ 伊藤 紘 佐瀬 佐 松井 裕史 藤田 豊久

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.11, pp.151-157, 2018-11-30 (Released:2018-11-08)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2

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Recently, calcined dolomite has been used as an anti-bacterial material in various applications for improving public health. Generally speaking, calcined dolomite exhibits anti-bacterial effects due to its strong alkalinity after hydration. There are authors who have reported that the calcined dolomite can generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), although there are other authors who were not able to detect it. Since the anti-bacterial mechanism of the calcined dolomite is not yet very clear, it was subject to ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) spin trapping method in order to confirm the generation of the hydroxyl radical. In this work, the hydroxyl radical was detected from calcined dolomite - hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) suspension. It was found that dolomite, calcined at the relatively higher temperature between 800℃ and 1000℃, enables faster H2O2 decomposition. The results of this work indicate that calcined dolomite suspension generates hydroxyl radicals in the presence of H2O2.

著者

大熊 宏

出版者

The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.124, no.1, pp.87-94, 2008-01-25 (Released:2011-01-25)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

4 2

---

The simulator for geological CO2 sequestration was developed by adding to a commercial compositional oil reservoir simulator the functions of geochemical reactions and fracture occurrence/fault activation. The resulting simulator, GEM-GHG, was verified with a number of validation runs and is believed to be one of the most advanced and robust simulators of this kind today.The simulator was made use of for various purposes throughout the pilot CO2 injection test at Nagaoka, Japan. During the planning stage, the simulation studies were conducted repeatedly to confirm the technical feasibility of the test plan. Once CO2 injection began, the objectives of simulation were history matching and interpretation of the observed injection performances. Reasonable agreement of the bottom-hole pressures and the breakthrough times was attained by varying uncertain parameters such as relative permeability curves, areal changes in permeability, and vertical permeability.The final aquifer model of the history matching was employed to predict the long-term CO2 movement. The results implied that the CO2 movement would be very limited after the end of injection and the injected CO2 would essentially remain within the injection zone in the pilot test area.

著者

桑原 順子

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.5, pp.92-97, 2017-05-01 (Released:2017-05-31)

参考文献数

14

---

Basella alba is an annual plant, which grows leaves that look like spinach. The leaves of Basella alba are edible, but effective methods of using fruits have not been reported yet. The fruits of Basella alba are vivid purple, and there is a possibility of being effective for products such as foods and cosmetics. To improve the appearance of products or to make use of the color sense derived from raw materials, pigments are also added and retained in the products. Various kinds of surfactants are added in food, cosmetics and daily toiletries for emulsifying oil and water. Many kinds of additives are also mixed in all products. All products are exposed to light in the sales process for the prolonged storage time at shops and homes. Furthermore, product users are also exposed to sunlight, and raw materials of the products would receive stimulus of the sunbeam. Such an environmental stimulus should be assessed in the product with pigment–surfactant mixed system. In this study, we investigated two types of discoloration in heating the natural pigment–surfactant mixed system by irradiation of artificial sunlight. In the experiments with artificial sunlight irradiation, under the condition that the surfactant concentration was higher than critical micelle concentration, the decolorization rate of Basella alba extract increased. Also, their decolorization rate was affected by dissolved oxygen.

著者

八木 良平 岡部 徹

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.132, no.7, pp.114-122, 2016-07-01 (Released:2016-07-30)

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

8

---

Rhenium (Re) is used as an additive in several alloys, such as nickel-based superalloys for jet engine turbine blades, platinum catalysts for oil refining, and thermocouples used at ultra-high temperature, in order to improve strength and stability at high temperature. Due to the rare and unevenly distributed nature of Re, there is risk of supply disruption owing to supply shortage and the rapid increase in Re price. To minimize the risk of a supply disruption, processes for recycling Re from Re-containing alloys and catalysts have been developed. In this article, we review characteristics of Re-containing materials and the current status of Re recycling; we also introduce some recent recycling technologies for recovering Re from various scraps.

著者

笠井 誠 小林 与生 東郷 政一 神谷 昌岳 近藤 充記 脇原 徹 中平 敦

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.8, pp.182-187, 2017-08-25 (Released:2017-08-17)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

---

Various zeolites were synthesized though hydrothermal treatment of perlite with alkaline solutions in order to facilitate effective use of the discarded perlite. Perlite is volcanic glass mainly composed of amorphous aluminum silicate and its composition is a main component SiO2 and Al2O3 with less impurities such as heavy metals. Therefore, zeolite synthesis from perlite is more convenient compared to from other waste materials (slag, ash, etc.). The obtained zeolites were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and SEM. As the result, FAU, PHI, SOD and CAN zeolites were able to be generated from perlite by changing the hydrothermal treatment condition.

著者

友清 芳二 松村 晶

出版者

一般社団法人 資源・素材学会

雑誌

Journal of MMIJ (ISSN:18816118)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.3, pp.58-67, 2017-03-01 (Released:2017-03-31)

参考文献数

44

---

Transmission electron microscopy has been playing an important role in research and development of nanotechnology which is common and fundamental in various fields of science and technology such as energy, environmental sciences, information and telecommunications, and life sciences and etc. A transmission electron microscope (TEM) provides us with crystallographic information and positional information from a local area of specimen. Furthermore information on local chemical composition and atomic bonding state is obtained provided the TEM is equipped with an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (XEDS) and an electron energy loss spectrometer (EELS). The image resolution and special resolution of elemental analysis have been improved to an atomic level together with the development of an analytical TEM that has a field emission gun, an aberration corrector and a function of scanning TEM (STEM). It has been possible to extract high quality and various information on substance and materials, owing to the development of electron detectors and imaging techniques of STEM. Objects of TEM observation have been widely spread after the development of related techniques such as preparation of TEM samples and controlling of specimen environment (heating, cooling, gas pressure, stress application etc.). We introduce recent trend of transmission electron microscopy and demonstrate some applications to green nanotechnology which is closely related to development of renewable energy, energy saving, energy storing, saving of rear resource, removal of harmful substance from air and water and so on.