著者
熊谷 雄治 藤田 朋恵 横田 愼一 澤田 実花 井澤 志名野 鈴木 勇一 立岡 和弘 庄田 隆 矢後 和夫
出版者
The Japanese Society of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
雑誌
臨床薬理 (ISSN:03881601)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.33, no.5, pp.205-213, 2002-09-30 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
8

Objectives: Tibolone (KB-889) is a novel compound that possesses tissue-specific hormonal effects. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of tibolone in postmenopausal women in four pharmacokinetic studies, namely a dose linearity study, a multiple dose study, a study in fasted condition, and a study in elderly. In this report, the results obtained from the above four studies are summarized.Methods: In the dose linearity study, a single dose of 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg of tibolone was administered to 6 postmenopausal women using a 3-period crossover method with at least a 7-day wash-out period between treatments. In the multiple dose study, 2 mg of tibolone was administered once daily for 4 days to 6 postmenopausal women. In the study in fasted condition, a single dose of 2 mg of tibolone was administered to 6 postmenopausal women after overnight fasts. In the study in elderly, a single dose of 2 mg of tibolone was administered to 6 elderly women aged 65 or older. Plasma and urine concentrations of tibolone and its metabolites were measured.Results and Conclusion: Plasma concentrations of the 3α-OH and 3β-OH metabolites of tibolone were measured, since the levels of tibolone and its Δ4-isomer were under or near the detection limits. After single dose administration of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg of tibolone, the means of Cmax and AUC0-12h of plasma 3α-OH metabolite were 2.3, 3.5 and 6.5 ng/mL and 10.2, 18.5 and 36.7 ng·Eh/mL, respectively, and those of 3β-OH metabolites were 0.9, 1.7 and 3.1 ng/mL and 4.6, 8.8 and 17.7 ng·Eh/mL, respectively. The means of Tmax and T1/2 (6-12h) of plasma 3α-OH and 3β-OH metabolites were between 3.7 and 5.7 h, and between 3.2 and 4.4 h, respectively. The pharmacokinetic properties of tibolone were considered to be linear within the dose range of 0.5 mg to 2 mg. In the multiple dose study, no accumulation was found. When comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the study in fasted condition with those of day 1 of the multiple dose study, the absorption of tibolone was rapid under fasted condition, but AUC was not influenced by food intake. [The means of Tmax of 3α-OH and 3β-OH metabolites were 1.17 and 1.33 h in fasted condition, and 3.83 and 4.00 h on day 1 of multiple dose.] Finally no difference in pharmacokinetics was found between postmenopausal women and elderly women in the comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from the study in the elderly and those of day 1 of the multiple dose study.
著者
鈴木 勇一郎
出版者
国立歴史民俗博物館
雑誌
国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 (ISSN:02867400)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.155, pp.137-149, 2010-03

現代の日本では、さまざまなところでおみやげが売られているのを目にすることができるが、世界的に見れば必ずしも一般的な光景とは言えない。とりわけその土地の名物とされる饅頭や団子などの食品類の種類の豊富さは他に類を見ない。本稿では、このような近代日本のおみやげを近世からの展開をふまえ、鉄道の発達との関係性から検討することを目的とする。近世日本では神社仏閣への参詣の際に、その証としてのおみやげが発達したが、その多くは、軽くて嵩張らない非食品であった。また神社仏閣の門前や街道筋などでは饅頭や団子などの名物がさかんに売られるようになっていたが、基本的にその場で食されるもので、おみやげとされるものではなかった。明治時代になり鉄道が開通し旅行時間が短縮されると、これら近世以来の名物は持ち帰りができるおみやげに転化していくようになった。その際には、駅構内での販売権の確保が知名度向上の大きな要素であったが、同時に保存性の向上や容器の改良など、おみやげとするのにふさわしい形へと変容していった。こうした創意工夫を奨励し、知名度の向上に大きな役割を果たしたのが、各地で開催された博覧会や共進会であった。このように、近代日本のおみやげは前近代からの系譜の上に成り立ちつつも鉄道や博覧会といった近代的な装置を媒介として独自の展開を遂げていったことが大きな特徴といえる。Study of Souvenirs in the Modern Period : Focusing on Tokaido