- 著者
- 長谷川 順二
- 出版者
- 公益財団法人 史学会
- 雑誌
- 史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.123, no.3, pp.333-371, 2014-03-20 (Released:2017-07-31)
The changes that have occurred in the course of the Yellow River over the ages has been considered to be an important theme in the historical geography of China, and many researchers have conducted studies of the subject using various methods. The various explanations in the extant bibliographic sources about river course change in dynastic China were first summarized during the early Qing period by Hu Wei in his Yugong Zhuizhi 禹貢錐指 (Brief Study of "Tribute of Yu"), which proposed that major changes had occurred in the River's course. Hu's argument then formed the basis of various opinions that six or seven significant changes had occurred leading up to the existing course as of 1855, in such works as Zhongguo Lishi Ditu Ji 中国歴史地図集 (Collected Historical Maps of China) and Huanghe Zhi 黄河志 (Gazetteer of the Yellow River). In particular, as to the pre-Eastern Han era, all argued that the river's course had changed twice: one being observed during the Warring States period in the fifth year of the reign of Eastern Zhou King Ding (602 BC), the other occurring between the third year Wang Mang's Xin Dynasty (11 CE) and the 13 year of the reign of Later Han Emperor Ming (70 CE), in The flood control works of Wangjing 王景. However, as observed in Yugong Shanchuan Dilitu 禹貢山川地理図 (Geographical Maps of "Tribute of Yu") by Cheng Dachang 程大昌 of the Southern Song Dynasty, there was in pre-Ming Dynasty times a great deal of emphasis placed on the river course change project named after Provincial Governor Donqui 頓丘 in the third year of the reign of Former Han Emperor Wu (132 BC), while no mention is given to the Wangjing Project. The author has elsewhere reconstructed via remote sensing data the old course of the Yellow River between the Warring States and Former Han Periods and has shown, based on that reconstruction and micro upland topography, the changes that occurred in the river near Liaocheng, Shandong Province in 132 BC. In the present article, the author reexamines the traditional discourse concerning the changes that occurred up through the Latter Han Period, based on his previous findings. In addition, there is also information in the Hanshu's 漢書 "Gouzu Zhi" (Treatise on Canals and Rivers) section about the first Yellow River levee of the Warring States period, which Kimura Masao argues signifies the existence of state-operated irrigation projects in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, indicating one basic condition of ancient Chinese despotism. However, the author's reconstruction of the ancient river course and the present topographical data concerning the region shows these levies to have been formed by the Yellow River naturally, making it very difficult to concur with the conventional discourse that large scale irrigation projects were already underway in the lower Yellow River basin as early as the Warring States period.
- 著者
- 長谷川 順二
- 出版者
- 学習院大学人文科学研究所
- 雑誌
- 人文 (ISSN:18817920)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.14, pp.7-31, 2015
『水経注』は、北魏当時の河川位置が詳細に記されている地理書である。特に変動著しい黄河においては北魏期および前代の前漢黄河の2 本の河道が記されているため、黄河変遷研究における最も重要な文献とされる。この時期を含む後漢から唐代にかけての黄河は800 年間に渡って大規模な変動が発生せず、黄河の「安流期」とされてきた。しかし近年は文献記述や環境史に基づく考察から、この時期においても黄河は氾濫や決壊を繰り返してきたという説が登場し、「安流期」の有無を巡って多くの専門家による議論が行われている。本稿では後漢から南北朝を経て唐宋に至る各時期の正史や『元和郡県志』などの地理書をはじめとした文献記述に加えてRS データおよび現地調査の成果を活用して、『水経注』に多く見られる記述の錯綜箇所を整理した上での北魏期黄河の河道復元を目指し、その第一歩として河南省濮陽市から山東省高唐県にかけての古河道復元を試みる。In the current changes in research on the course of the Yellow River, there is a theory thathas gained a lot of support over the years that there was no big change in the Yellow River for over 800 years from the time of the Eastern Han (後漢) dynasty to the Tang (唐) Dynasty. In recent years, however, this has been refuted, as it appears that, at that time, the Yellow River had experienced repeated flooding and collapse. Many experts have discussed this subject, but no definitive conclusions have been found.Using the results of remote sensing data analysis and field surveys, I reconstructed the course of the Yellow River during the Western Han (前漢) period. In this paper, which presents research not only based on the conventional literature, it is possible to re-consider the subject by taking into account new information, such as analysis of remote sensing data and the results of field surveys, to reveal the actual situation of the Yellow River during the Northern Wei (北魏) period. As a first step, I reconstruct the river channel of the Yellow River course in the Northern Wei (北魏) period from Henan Puyang City (河南省濮陽市) to Shandong Gao-Tang County (山東省高唐県), based on the description found in "Shui-jing-zhu" (水経注).
- 著者
- 長谷川 順二
- 雑誌
- 人文 (ISSN:18817920)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- no.14, pp.7-31, 2016-03-01
『水経注』は、北魏当時の河川位置が詳細に記されている地理書である。特に変動著しい黄河においては北魏期および前代の前漢黄河の2 本の河道が記されているため、黄河変遷研究における最も重要な文献とされる。この時期を含む後漢から唐代にかけての黄河は800 年間に渡って大規模な変動が発生せず、黄河の「安流期」とされてきた。しかし近年は文献記述や環境史に基づく考察から、この時期においても黄河は氾濫や決壊を繰り返してきたという説が登場し、「安流期」の有無を巡って多くの専門家による議論が行われている。本稿では後漢から南北朝を経て唐宋に至る各時期の正史や『元和郡県志』などの地理書をはじめとした文献記述に加えてRS データおよび現地調査の成果を活用して、『水経注』に多く見られる記述の錯綜箇所を整理した上での北魏期黄河の河道復元を目指し、その第一歩として河南省濮陽市から山東省高唐県にかけての古河道復元を試みる。In the current changes in research on the course of the Yellow River, there is a theory thathas gained a lot of support over the years that there was no big change in the Yellow River for over 800 years from the time of the Eastern Han (後漢) dynasty to the Tang (唐) Dynasty. In recent years, however, this has been refuted, as it appears that, at that time, the Yellow River had experienced repeated flooding and collapse. Many experts have discussed this subject, but no definitive conclusions have been found.Using the results of remote sensing data analysis and field surveys, I reconstructed the course of the Yellow River during the Western Han (前漢) period. In this paper, which presents research not only based on the conventional literature, it is possible to re-consider the subject by taking into account new information, such as analysis of remote sensing data and the results of field surveys, to reveal the actual situation of the Yellow River during the Northern Wei (北魏) period. As a first step, I reconstruct the river channel of the Yellow River course in the Northern Wei (北魏) period from Henan Puyang City (河南省濮陽市) to Shandong Gao-Tang County (山東省高唐県), based on the description found in “Shui-jing-zhu” (水経注).
- 著者
- 長谷川 順二
- 出版者
- 公益財団法人史学会
- 雑誌
- 史學雜誌 (ISSN:00182478)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.123, no.3, pp.333-371, 2014-03-20
The changes that have occurred in the course of the Yellow River over the ages has been considered to be an important theme in the historical geography of China, and many researchers have conducted studies of the subject using various methods. The various explanations in the extant bibliographic sources about river course change in dynastic China were first summarized during the early Qing period by Hu Wei in his Yugong Zhuizhi 禹貢錐指 (Brief Study of "Tribute of Yu"), which proposed that major changes had occurred in the River's course. Hu's argument then formed the basis of various opinions that six or seven significant changes had occurred leading up to the existing course as of 1855, in such works as Zhongguo Lishi Ditu Ji 中国歴史地図集 (Collected Historical Maps of China) and Huanghe Zhi 黄河志 (Gazetteer of the Yellow River). In particular, as to the pre-Eastern Han era, all argued that the river's course had changed twice: one being observed during the Warring States period in the fifth year of the reign of Eastern Zhou King Ding (602 BC), the other occurring between the third year Wang Mang's Xin Dynasty (11 CE) and the 13 year of the reign of Later Han Emperor Ming (70 CE), in The flood control works of Wangjing 王景. However, as observed in Yugong Shanchuan Dilitu 禹貢山川地理図 (Geographical Maps of "Tribute of Yu") by Cheng Dachang 程大昌 of the Southern Song Dynasty, there was in pre-Ming Dynasty times a great deal of emphasis placed on the river course change project named after Provincial Governor Donqui 頓丘 in the third year of the reign of Former Han Emperor Wu (132 BC), while no mention is given to the Wangjing Project. The author has elsewhere reconstructed via remote sensing data the old course of the Yellow River between the Warring States and Former Han Periods and has shown, based on that reconstruction and micro upland topography, the changes that occurred in the river near Liaocheng, Shandong Province in 132 BC. In the present article, the author reexamines the traditional discourse concerning the changes that occurred up through the Latter Han Period, based on his previous findings. In addition, there is also information in the Hanshu's 漢書 "Gouzu Zhi" (Treatise on Canals and Rivers) section about the first Yellow River levee of the Warring States period, which Kimura Masao argues signifies the existence of state-operated irrigation projects in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, indicating one basic condition of ancient Chinese despotism. However, the author's reconstruction of the ancient river course and the present topographical data concerning the region shows these levies to have been formed by the Yellow River naturally, making it very difficult to concur with the conventional discourse that large scale irrigation projects were already underway in the lower Yellow River basin as early as the Warring States period.