9 0 0 0 OA 惑星エアロゾル実験の教育的利用:火星の夕焼けは本当に青いのか?
- 著者
- 中串 孝志 古川 邦之 山本 博基 大西 将徳 飯澤 功 酒井 敏
- 出版者
- 日本エアロゾル学会
- 雑誌
- エアロゾル研究 (ISSN:09122834)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.22, no.2, pp.107-112, 2007-06-20 (Released:2007-06-20)
- 参考文献数
- 3
Planetary aerosol laboratory experiments for science education were carried out in a curriculum of Kyoto University. Our goal is to reproduce “the blue sunset” on Mars which are reported from NASA's Mars Pathfinder. In reproducing the rays scattered by Martian atmosphere (dust storm) in a laboratory, the number density of scattering particles has to be as large as possible. Three experiments were conducted in the air and water. Although we were not able to reproduce Martian blue sunset, we elucidated its spectrum. Converting this spectrum to a color in the RGB system, we obtained R = 114, G = 122, B = 192. Though the experiment, we proved that planetary aerosol laboratory experiments are significantly fruitful for science education as well as for science studies. We propose that researchers and lecturers should make active use of planetary aerosol laboratory experiments for science education.
- 著者
- 中串 孝志 古川 邦之 山本 博基 大西 将徳 飯澤 功 酒井 敏
- 出版者
- 日本エアロゾル学会
- 雑誌
- エアロゾル研究 = Journal of aerosol research (ISSN:09122834)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.22, no.2, pp.107-112, 2007-06-20
Planetary aerosol laboratory experiments for science education were carried out in a curriculum of Kyoto University. Our goal is to reproduce "the blue sunset" on Mars which are reported from NASA's Mars Pathfinder. In reproducing the rays scattered by Martian atmosphere (dust storm) in a laboratory, the number density of scattering particles has to be as large as possible. Three experiments were conducted in the air and water. Although we were not able to reproduce Martian blue sunset, we elucidated its spectrum. Converting this spectrum to a color in the RGB system, we obtained R = 114, G = 122, B = 192. Though the experiment, we proved that planetary aerosol laboratory experiments are significantly fruitful for science education as well as for science studies. We propose that researchers and lecturers should make active use of planetary aerosol laboratory experiments for science education.
- 著者
- 鎌田 浩毅 須田 恵理子 齋藤 武士 飯澤 功 酒井 敏
- 出版者
- 社団法人日本材料学会
- 雑誌
- 材料 (ISSN:05145163)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.51, no.2, pp.168-175, 2002-02-15
- 参考文献数
- 28
Volcanic debris avalanche is a large-scale landslide which occurs at unstable volcanic edifice and often creates horseshoe-shaped crater at its source with hummocky deposits of volcanic debris including large blocks inside. Dynamic pressure model has recently been proposed to explain flow behavior of volcanic debris avalanches: Kinetic friction of debris avalanche decreases systematically at threshold of a certain critical speed for flotation. We have done a sliding experiment using flour powder as debris avalanche matrix and metal disks that slide on a powder layer as incorporated large blocks. Sliding traces left on a powder layer showed that a disk was floating over a certain critical speed. Kinetic friction coefficients, calculated by the position of a sliding disk recorded on a digital video, become small at a higher speed which exceeds critical floating speed, and provide smaller coefficient than those of normal surface of a rigid body. The critical floating speed deduced from dynamic pressure model is consistent with our experiment. In order to verify this model as the major driving force to float megablocks incorporated commonly in a volcanic debris avalanche, critical floating speeds for two geological cases at the collapses of 1980 Mount St. Helens and 1984 Ontake, central Japan, are examined and compared with the observed flow velocities. Estimated velocities deduced from the dynamic pressure model correspond fairly well to the actual velocities. This strongly suggests that the model gives the most convincing explanation for transportation and deposition mechanism of volcanic debris avalanche.
1 0 0 0 OA 都市熱環境観測システムの開発研究
- 著者
- 酒井 敏 梅谷 和弘 飯澤 功 伊藤 文 小野 耕作 矢島 新 飴村 尚起 森永 修司
- 出版者
- 社団法人日本気象学会
- 雑誌
- 天気 (ISSN:05460921)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.56, no.5, pp.337-351, 2009-05-31
ヒートアイランド現象など都市の熱環境を観測するための多点観測システムを開発した.都市部での観測では設置場所などの制約が大きく,小型軽量の観測機材が求められる.特に,熱的な応答を調べるために必要な放射計は,従来かなり大掛かりで都市部での観測は困難であった.ここでは,気温測定などのための基本的な温度センサに加えて,これらの放射に関するセンサを含め,市販の安価な部品を使って製作し,従来の熱環境を観測するシステムとほぼ同等の精度を有することを示す.
