著者

藤堂 浩明 齋藤 美幸 鈴木 宏宙 井上 裕 高山 幸三 杉林 堅次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬剤学会

雑誌

薬剤学 (ISSN:03727629)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.111-120, 2021 (Released:2021-01-01)

参考文献数

6

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It is important when developing effective and safe pharmaceutical products to select adequate active components and formulations as well as to design their containers and devices. Minoxidil was developed as a direct over-the-counter (OTC) drug in 1999 and has long been marketed only by one original company. Recently, many generic products have been marketed. However, the shape and type of the containers for these generic products differ from that of the original product, leading to a possibility that the amount of minoxidil applied by patients may differ. In the present study, the original and three typical generic products with 5% minoxidil external formulations were evaluated for their filling amounts, single application amounts, extent of distribution on application, ability to reach the scalp, and dripping properties. As a result, statistically significant differences were found in the filling amounts and ability to reach to the scalp between the products due to differences in the nozzle shape of the container. In addition, a large variation was observed in some of the generic products in terms of the drug liberation. These results indicate that it is important to suitably design and adequately evaluate the container for OTC products such as minoxidil formulations, which can exhibit toxicity from overuse, and that are easily purchased by consumers.

著者

加瀬 浩二 松田 公子 原 広一郎 櫻井 正太郎 高山 幸三 浅井 邦彦

出版者

一般社団法人日本医療薬学会

雑誌

医療薬学 (ISSN:1346342X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.18-23, 2009 (Released:2010-02-07)

参考文献数

11

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The frequency of accidental falls in psychiatric patients is reported to be markedly higher (46.5%) than in patients in other medical departments (15.7%).In order to prevent accidental falls,we provided physicians and nurses with pharmaceutical information on the adverse effects of cold medicines and traditional Chinese medicines.We also investigated the annual number of falls among inpatients before and after beginning our pharmaceutical information service.To do this,a questionnaire concerning cold medicines and traditional Chinese medicines was sent to physicians and nurses 2 years after starting the service.Owing to the provision of information,there were reductions in the annual number of falls (212 to 143),number of falls in patients taking cold medicines (8 to 1),percentage of falls in patients taking cold medicines among all falls (3.8% to 0.7%),and frequency of prescribing cold medicines for the common cold (96% to 75%).The questionnaire results also showed that 68% of physicians and nurses observed dizziness as an adverse effect of cold medicines,and 71% of physicians exercised caution with respect to the risk of falls due to cold medicines.To analyze the causes of accidental falls,a self-organizing map (SOM) was applied to the clinical data.The results suggested that the administration of cold medicines together with comparatively low dosages of chlorpromazine,or an equivalent antipsychotic,and two or more kinds of medication for Parkinson's disease was likely to lead to accidental falls.Thus,for patients having a high risk of falls,the co-administration of cold medicines and psychotropic drugsmayfurtherincreasesuch risk.

著者

高山 幸三 藤川 未来人 小幡 誉子 森下 真莉子 永井 恒司

雑誌

薬剤学 = Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Japan (ISSN:03727629)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.2-12, 2004-01-01

被引用文献数

3

著者

高山 幸三

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.9, 1999-09-01

著者

藤堂 浩明 齋藤 美幸 鈴木 宏宙 井上 裕 高山 幸三 杉林 堅次

出版者

日本薬剤学会

雑誌

Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Japan (ISSN:03727629)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.1, pp.111-120, 2021-01

---

It is important when developing effective and safe pharmaceutical products to select adequate active components and formulations as well as to design their containers and devices. Minoxidil was developed as a direct over-the-counter (OTC) drug in 1999 and has long been marketed only by one original company. Recently, many generic products have been marketed. However, the shape and type of the containers for these generic products differ from that of the original product, leading to a possibility that the amount of minoxidil applied by patients may differ. In the present study, the original and three typical generic products with 5% minoxidil external formulations were evaluated for their filling amounts, single application amounts, extent of distribution on application, ability to reach the scalp, and dripping properties. As a result, statistically significant differences were found in the filling amounts and ability to reach to the scalp between the products due to differences in the nozzle shape of the container. In addition, a large variation was observed in some of the generic products in terms of the drug liberation. These results indicate that it is important to suitably design and adequately evaluate the container for OTC products such as minoxidil formulations, which can exhibit toxicity from overuse, and that are easily purchased by consumers.

著者

高山 幸三 藤川 未来人 小幡 誉子 森下 真莉子 永井 恒司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬剤学会

雑誌

薬剤学 = Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Japan (ISSN:03727629)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.2-12, 2004-01-01

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

3

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<p>A pharmaceutical formulation is composed of several formulation factors and process variables. Several responses relating to the effectiveness, usefulness and stability, as well as safety, must be optimized simultaneously. Consequently, expertise and experience are required to design acceptable pharmaceutical formulations. A response surface method (RSM) has widely been used for selecting acceptable pharmaceutical formulations. However, prediction of pharmaceutical responses based on the second-order polynomial equation commonly used in RSM is often limited to low levels, resulting in poor estimations of optimal formulations. In this review, a multi-objective simultaneous optimization method incorporating an artificial neural network (ANN) is introduced. Further, usefulness of the method is demonstrated by its application to the optimization of ketoprofen hydrogel formulations including 1-<i>O</i>-ethyl-3-<i>n</i>-butylcyclohexanol as a newly developed transdermal absorption enhancer.</p>