著者

高橋 貞雄 渕田 隆義

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.7, pp.467-471, 1996-07-01 (Released:2011-07-19)

参考文献数

6

著者

小林 孝一 高橋 貞雄 川上 幸二

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.Appendix, pp.154-155, 1993 (Released:2011-07-19)

著者

藤井 克人 高橋 貞雄 吉田 博 鈴木 義彦

出版者

一般社団法人 照明学会

雑誌

照明学会雑誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.9, pp.510-518, 1965

---

When observing an object through fog, its visibility is reduced by the scattering of the light emitted or reflected from the object. Our efforts have been rendered towards observing the physical characteristics when we view a light source or object through fog.<BR>In this paper, the practical comparison of some light sources such as a fluorescent lamp, a sodium lamp or a mercury lamp about visual conditions is made at night in fog on an experimental basis. The effects of color improved mercury lantern and sodium lantern, which are used practically in highway lighting are compared in fog, and visual ranges of colored objects on the road surface lighted by them are also measured.<BR>The most important result of the experiment is that the visual difference depending on various kinds of light sources can't be noticed so much as the large decrease of visibility by the fog itself.

著者

杉野 直樹 斎藤 栄二 高橋 貞雄 清水 裕子 根岸 雅史 野澤 健 石塚 智一 内田 照久 前川 眞一

出版者

全国英語教育学会

雑誌

ARELE : annual review of English language education in Japan (ISSN:13448560)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.221-230, 2003-03

---

The present study aims at explicating the influence of test taking strategies on the test item reliability in English language proficiency tests. Widely known test taking strategies include starting with a certain section that might require more time than others to answer so that test takers can allocate more of their time allowance on it, or, especially in multiple-choice format, marking an alternative based on wild guessing. Also widely speculated is that, in the Daigaku Nyushi Center English test (DNC test, henceforth), those test takers who find themselves running out of time are forced to rely on wild guessing in answering test items. Some English language proficiency tests, such as TOEFL or TOEIC, strictly instruct test takers to tackle a specific section so that they cannot use the first strategy, however, many of the entrance examinations administered in Japan do not have such restrictions. In order to examine the influence of these two test taking strategies, viz. the 'answering order' strategy and the 'wild guessing' strategy, we conducted a large-scale survey using two parallel tests with different question/answering orders. Our analysis of the data with simulated wild guessing shows that wild guessing would deteriorate the test item reliability. Furthermore, it shows that those test takers who had more time to answer the same section seem to be using the wild guessing strategy anyway, which has significant implications on the test format itself.