著者

MARUMOTO Miki FUKUOKA Yoshitaka

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.2, pp.46-57, 2017-04-03 (Released:2017-04-03)

参考文献数

55

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Many natural disasters have occurred in Japan since ancient times. It corresponds to the “Medieval climate anomaly (MCA)” or “Medieval warm period (MWP)” which existed from the 9th to the 12th centuries, as pointed out by the climatologists in Europe and U.S.A. In the history of Japan, however, this period is called “ancient period”. In this study, the authors collected 1,220 records of climatic disasters and constructed a chronology of climatic disasters in Japan from the 7th to the 12th centuries. Furthermore, their secular changes of kinds and regions were clarified. It can be said that number of climatic disasters increased remarkably during the second half of the 9th century, the early 11th century and the latter half of the 12th century. Concerning kinds of climatic disasters, the most common disaster was storm (26.1%) and the next was drought (19.8%). As for place names related to all climatic disasters, the most frequent place was Kyoto (48.3%) and the second was Nara (7.9%). From these investigations, it was clarified that drought was the major climatic disaster before the 9th century. On the other hand, disaster caused by too much rain prevailed from the 9th century. But the regions with records on climatic disasters clearly changed from Nara to Kyoto at the end of the 8th century. Therefore, the authors proposed that local climates in Nara and Kyoto influenced the change of climatic disasters.

著者

Fukuoka Yoshitaka Narita Kenichi Matsuura Kenji

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, pp.24-32, 1979-12

被引用文献数

1

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本研究は,広島市の都市気候と大気汚染に関する気候学的研究であるが,第1報では主として前者について論じた。(1)まず,広島市の気候についての概観では,典型的な大陸東岸気候の中にあって,「夏は太平洋地域より涼しく,冬は日本海側より暖かい」という従来の説が妥当でないことを指摘し,かつ年平均流線図の上にも海風前線の存在が確認された。(2)次に,都市気温分布とそれに及ぼす太田川水系の影響に関しては,約4半世紀前にくらべ,built-up area と川面との気温差が増大していることが自動車による移動観測の結果わかった。(3)この川水の影響は,水温そのものの冷源(または熱源)効果よりも,水面からの蒸発に伴なう潜熱交換が気温緩和作用をもたらしているからと考えられる。(4)赤外放射温度針での表面温度測定による顕熱輸送は橋上で小さい。すなわち,川水面上で気温が和らかげられるのは,鉛直方向の熱収支だけでなく,川面での冷気の移流も想定される。