- 著者
- YOUSUKE KAIFU REIKO T. KONO THOMAS SUTIKNA E. WAHYU SAPTOMO JATMIKO ROKUS DUE AWE HISAO BABA
- 出版者
- 日本人類学会
- 雑誌
- Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.123, no.2, pp.129-145, 2015 (Released:2015-08-26)
- 参考文献数
- 90
- 被引用文献数
- 3 18
Dental remains of Homo floresiensis excavated during 2002–2004 at Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia, consist of one partial maxillary dentition, two nearly complete mandibular dentitions, and four isolated teeth. We present here morphological descriptions of all these specimens and report aspects of their dentition, occlusion, and oral health condition. This dental assemblage represents probably five but possibly four or six individuals. These different individuals share similar dental characteristics, supporting the view that the Liang Bua H. floresiensis assemblage represents a single population. We also reassess the previous claims for primitive and modern aspects of the H. floresiensis teeth. The previous studies reached conflicting conclusions: some researchers claim that these teeth are fully modern, whereas others highlight premolar and other morphologies that suggest their direct evolutionary link with the African earliest form of Homo or Australopithecus rather than with H. erectus. Neither of these views are supported. The H. floresiensis teeth exhibit a mosaic of primitive, derived, and unique characters, with the reported primitive aspects broadly comparable to the morphologies observed in H. erectus sensu lato. Although a more comprehensive comparative analysis is needed to fully illustrate dental morphological affinities of this dwarfed hominin species, we find no grounds for the hypothesis that H. floresiensis originated from the small-bodied, primitive hominins such as H. habilis sensu lato.
- 著者
- YOUSUKE KAIFU IWAN KURNIAWAN DAISUKE KUBO ERICK SUDIYABUDI GUNAWAN PONTJO PUTRO ENDANG PRASANTI FACHROEL AZIZ HISAO BABA
- 出版者
- 日本人類学会
- 雑誌
- Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.150702, (Released:2015-10-06)
- 被引用文献数
- 1 9
Ngawi 1 is an undated but well-preserved Homo erectus calvaria from Java. Previous craniometric and morphological studies have shown its similarities to late Javanese H. erectus from Ngandong as well as Sambungmacan (Sm 1 [and Sm 3]). Some researchers emphasize their morphological homogeneity, and suggest that this ‘Ngandong/Sambungmacan/Ngawi group’ is morphologically distinct from H. erectus from the Early Pleistocene of Sangiran and Trinil, possibly at a species-level. In this study, we reinvestigated Ngawi 1 based on the newly cleaned original specimen and using micro- computed tomography with the aim of testing if such morphological discontinuity really exists within the Javanese fossil record. We metrically and non-metrically examined 33 cranial characters that are useful to distinguish earlier and later Javanese H. erectus. We also evaluated the morphology of the three Sambungmacan crania (Sm 1, 3, and 4) in the same way. The results of these and multivariate analyses support previous studies that Ngawi 1 exhibits many characteristic features of Ngandong H. erectus. However, Ngawi 1 is more or less similar to earlier Javanese H. erectus in smaller cranial size, a weak but distinct supraglabellar depression, a relatively short temporal bone, limited posterior projection of the middle part of the occipital torus, a shallower and ‘roofed’ mandibular fossa, and a smaller mastoid process. The three Sambungmacan crania also show general affinities to Ngandong, but are similar to earlier Javanese H. erectus in a few or more characters. Such slightly shifted character distribution is at least consistent with the hypothesis of continuous evolution of H. erectus through the Pleistocene of Java. This minor but potentially meaningful pattern of morphological variation should not be overlooked when a morphological group is defined for the specimens from Ngandong, Sambungmacan, and Ngawi. We also determined the endocranial volume of Ngawi 1 to be 959 cm3.
- 著者
- YOUSUKE KAIFU IWAN KURNIAWAN DAISUKE KUBO ERICK SUDIYABUDI GUNAWAN PONTJO PUTRO ENDANG PRASANTI FACHROEL AZIZ HISAO BABA
- 出版者
- The Anthropological Society of Nippon
- 雑誌
- Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.123, no.3, pp.161-176, 2015 (Released:2015-12-19)
- 参考文献数
- 62
- 被引用文献数
- 3 9
Ngawi 1 is an undated but well-preserved Homo erectus calvaria from Java. Previous craniometric and morphological studies have shown its similarities to late Javanese H. erectus from Ngandong as well as Sambungmacan (Sm 1 [and Sm 3]). Some researchers emphasize their morphological homogeneity, and suggest that this ‘Ngandong/Sambungmacan/Ngawi group’ is morphologically distinct from H. erectus from the Early Pleistocene of Sangiran and Trinil, possibly at a species-level. In this study, we reinvestigated Ngawi 1 based on the newly cleaned original specimen and using micro-computed tomography with the aim of testing if such morphological discontinuity really exists within the Javanese fossil record. We metrically and non-metrically examined 33 cranial characters that are useful to distinguish earlier and later Javanese H. erectus. We also evaluated the morphology of the three Sambungmacan crania (Sm 1, 3, and 4) in the same way. The results of these and multivariate analyses support previous studies that Ngawi 1 exhibits many characteristic features of Ngandong H. erectus. However, Ngawi 1 is more or less similar to earlier Javanese H. erectus in smaller cranial size, a weak but distinct supraglabellar depression, a relatively short temporal bone, limited posterior projection of the middle part of the occipital torus, a shallower and ‘roofed’ mandibular fossa, and a smaller mastoid process. The three Sambungmacan crania also show general affinities to Ngandong, but are similar to earlier Javanese H. erectus in a few or more characters. Such slightly shifted character distribution is at least consistent with the hypothesis of continuous evolution of H. erectus through the Pleistocene of Java. This minor but potentially meaningful pattern of morphological variation should not be overlooked when a morphological group is defined for the specimens from Ngandong, Sambungmacan, and Ngawi. We also determined the endocranial volume of Ngawi 1 to be 959 cm3.
- 著者
- KEIICHI OMOTO HISAO BABA EISAKU KANAZAWA MINORU YONEDA KEN-ICHI SHINODA HIDEAKI KANZAWA-KIRIYAMA TSUNEO KAKUDA NOBORU ADACHI KAZUHIRO SAKAUE FERNANDO A. ALMEDA JR. LESLIE E. BAUZON
- 出版者
- The Anthropological Society of Nippon
- 雑誌
- Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.200706, (Released:2020-10-07)
We examined fragmentary human skeletal remains from Escalon Cave near Surigao City, northeastern Mindanao, the Philippines, with respect to the morphology of bones and teeth, radiocarbon dating, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. These remains contained parts of the left temporal bone, the right humerus, the right femur, the upper right first and second premolars, and the first molar. They are presumed to belong to an early-middle adult male, whom we named the Escalon Man. Using the femur sample, we estimated the 14C date of the individual at 2692 ± 39 years BP (uncalibrated). His stature, estimated from the maximum femur length, was about 170 cm—this makes him much taller than the Aeta and the Mamanwa, who are indigenous negrito hunter-gatherers of the Philippines. The femur is sturdy and shows well-developed muscle markings. Numerous narrow grooves on the humerus were found in close proximity to each other, but we could not prove whether these are artificial cut marks made by humans with sharp-edged tools or scratches from some non-human entity. The mesiodistal crown diameters of the molar and premolars are large and resemble those of native Oceanians. Analysis of mtDNA haplogroup was carried out using a DNA sample extracted from a molar. A next-generation sequencer was used to determine the nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA genome. The results indicated that the Escalon Man belongs to the haplogroup E1a1a, which is known to be the marker of Austronesian-speaking agriculturist populations that originated in Taiwan and spread southwards through the Philippines to the Western Pacific, since about 4000 BP. Thus, the Escalon Man was likely a member of the late Neolithic or early Metal Age agriculturist peoples who settled in northeastern Mindanao and who may be the ancestors of the territory’s present-day occupants, such as the Manobo.
- 著者
- Hisao BABA Shuichiro NARASAKI
- 出版者
- 日本第四紀学会
- 雑誌
- 第四紀研究 (ISSN:04182642)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.30, no.3, pp.221-230, 1991-07-25 (Released:2009-08-21)
- 参考文献数
- 44
- 被引用文献数
- 6 33
The skeletons of Minatogawa Man, found on Okinawa Island in 1970, have been morphologically reevaluated. The skulls of Minatogawa Man are characterized by a low and wide face with rectangular orbits, a projected glabellar region, a depressed nasal root and deep temporal fossae, which more or less resemble those of the late Pleistocene men from Zhoukoudian Upper Cave and Liujian and early Holocene Jomon people in Japan. In Minatogawa Man, however, the development of these characteristics is very pronounced. In the Minatogawa and Jomon skulls the zygomatic bones protrude anteriorly and the zygomatic arches are thin and flared, which are different from the features of the Upper Cave and Liujian men. Besides the skulls, the Minatogawa postcranial bones stand apart from those of the Zhoukoudian Upper Cave, Liujian, Jomon Japanese, and are close to Zhoukoudian Homo erectus, in some characteristics. Therefore, Minatogawa Man should be assigned to the oldest type of Mongoloids or modern Homo sapiens in East Asia. We infer that he might be a direct ancestor of Jomon people, but not an ancestor of the Upper Cave and Liujian men.
- 著者
- YOUSUKE KAIFU REIKO T. KONO THOMAS SUTIKNA E. WAHYU SAPTOMO JATMIKO ROKUS DUE AWE HISAO BABA
- 出版者
- 日本人類学会
- 雑誌
- Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.150501, (Released:2015-07-18)
- 被引用文献数
- 3 18
Dental remains of Homo floresiensis excavated during 2002–2004 at Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia, consist of one partial maxillary dentition, two nearly complete mandibular dentitions, and four isolated teeth. We present here morphological descriptions of all these specimens and report aspects of their dentition, occlusion, and oral health condition. This dental assemblage represents probably five but possibly four or six individuals. These different individuals share similar dental characteristics, supporting the view that the Liang Bua H. floresiensis assemblage represents a single population. We also reassess the previous claims for primitive and modern aspects of the H. floresiensis teeth. The previous studies reached conflicting conclusions: some researchers claim that these teeth are fully modern, whereas others highlight premolar and other morphologies that suggest their direct evolutionary link with the African earliest form of Homo or Australopithecus rather than with H. erectus. Neither of these views are supported. The H. floresiensis teeth exhibit a mosaic of primitive, derived, and unique characters, with the reported primitive aspects broadly comparable to the morphologies observed in H. erectus sensu lato. Although a more comprehensive comparative analysis is needed to fully illustrate dental morphological affinities of this dwarfed hominin species, we find no grounds for the hypothesis that H. floresiensis originated from the small-bodied, primitive hominins such as H. habilis sensu lato.