著者

藤原 雅子 今給黎 禎子 安川 千代 松山 光生 飯干 紀代子 山田 弘幸 笠井 新一郎 倉内 紀子 フジワラ マサコ イマキイレ テイコ ヤスカワ チヨ マツヤマ ミツオ イイボシ キヨコ ヤマダ ヒロユキ カサイ シンイチロウ クラウチ ノリコ Masako FUJIWARA Teiko IMAKIIRE Chiyo YASUKAWA Mitsuo MATSUYANMA Kiyoko IIBOSHI Hiroyuki YAMADA Shinichirou KASAI Noriko KURAUCHI

雑誌

九州保健福祉大学研究紀要 = Journal of Kyushu University of Health and Welfare

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.235-241, 2005-03-25

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A vocabulary is used as one of the indexes of the language development, and it is pmportant meaning to grasping vocabulary development. But, there is a little research that a vocabulary in the 12-23 Month wa investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the vocabulary of the child in the 12-23 Month. We analyzed it about the number of average vocabularies, the part of speech atructure, the different in sex. The results is following there were two stages in the vocabulary development as that result. There were many nouns. And it was the result that preceding research was supported with a part of speech. A noun could be thought to occupy an important position in the early vocabulary development. It guessed the matter that it increased after a 24 month. A difference in sex became clearer than 22month. From now on, the vocabulary which becomes the index of the development evaluation, and the number of vocabularies will be examined.

著者

Shiro Oguma Itiro Ando Takuo Hirose Kazuhito Totsune Hiroshi Sekino Hiroshi Sato Yutaka Imai Masako Fujiwara

出版者

東北ジャーナル刊行会

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.227, no.3, pp.217-223, 2012 (Released:2012-07-07)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

5 21

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Patients with renal failure undergoing hemodialysis often have muscle cramps during and after the dialysis therapy. Muscle cramps are defined as the sudden onset of a prolonged involuntary muscle contraction accompanied with severe pain, resulting in early termination of a HD session and inadequate dialysis. The etiology of the cramps is unknown and effective anti-cramp medicine is not available. We have hypothesized that water-soluble vitamins are deficient in HD patients. Accordingly, we administrated biotin to 14 patients who had frequent muscle cramps during HD sessions. Oral administration of 1 mg/day biotin promptly reduced the onset and the severity of cramps in 12 patients both during and after HD. Then, the plasma biotin levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA) in HD patients, including 14 patients with cramps and 13 patients without cramps, and 11 healthy volunteers. Plasma biotin levels were elevated in 27 HD patients at baseline compared with healthy volunteers [451 (377 - 649) vs. 224 (148 - 308) ng/l, median (lower-upper quartiles); p < 0.0001]. Unexpectedly, among the 14 cramp patients, the biotin levels were significantly higher in biotin-ineffective 7 patients than biotin-effective 7 patients [1,064 (710 - 1,187) vs. 445 (359 - 476) ng/l; p < 0.001]. Thus, the biotins measured by ELISA may consist of not only intact biotin but also its metabolites that do not function as a vitamin. In conclusion, biotin administration is one choice to relieve HD patients from muscle cramps regardless of their elevated plasma biotin levels.