著者

Shinya YAMAMOTO Katsuichiro HOSHI Atsushi HIRAKAWA Syuuichi CHIMURA Masayuki KOBAYASHI Noboru MACHIDA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0064, (Released:2013-06-28)

被引用文献数

7 50

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In the study presented here, we aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings of 51 canine cases with histologically-verified diagnoses of primary cardiac hemangiosarcoma (HSA). The medical data for each dog, including signalment, presenting complaints, physical examination findings, results of various diagnostic testing performed and method of treatment, were checked. In addition, all 51 cases were re-examined pathologically. The tumor occurred most frequently in older Golden Retrievers, followed by Maltese dogs and Miniature Dachshunds. Mass lesions of HSA were found more commonly in the right auricle (RAu) (25/51) and right atrium (RA) (21/51), and the RA masses were significantly (P<0.001) larger than the RAu masses. The echocardiographic detection rate of masses in the RAu group (60%; 15/25) was significantly lower than that in the RA group (95%; 20/21). Survival time was significantly (P<0.05) longer for 5 dogs that received adjuvant chemotherapy after tumor resection than for 12 dogs that did not. In this series, the Maltese (9/51) and Miniature Dachshund (7/51), as well as the Golden Retriever, were represented more frequently than other breeds. The lower echocardiographic detection rate of RAu masses compared with RA masses may be related to tumor size and/or location. The significantly longer survival time for dogs receiving adjuvant chemotherapy indicates that postoperative chemotherapy could be useful for dogs with cardiac HSA.

著者

Yusuke KIMURA Ryuji FUKUSHIMA Atsushi HIRAKAWA Masayuki KOBAYASHI Noboru MACHIDA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0373, (Released:2016-01-28)

被引用文献数

1 12

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Examination of our necropsy records for the period 2005 to 2014 yielded 41 cases of the endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy among 327 cats with evidence of heart disease, and here, we reviewed their epidemiological and clinical features. The medical data obtained retrospectively included signalment, presenting complaints, findings of physical examination, results of various diagnostic tests, methods of treatment and survival times. Except for one Chinchilla Persian cat, all were domestic short-haired cats. The mean age at death was 7.3 ± 4.5 years (median, 6 years; range, 4 months to 19 years), and males accounted for 61% (25/41) of the total. Dyspnea was the most common clinical sign, being evident in 83% (35/41) of the cats. Hind limb paresis or paralysis due to aortic thromboembolism was evident in 41% (17/41). Arrhythmias of atrial origin were common. Echocardiography commonly revealed left atrial or biatrial enlargement with severe endocardial thickening of the left ventricle. Most of the affected cats had a poor outcome; the disease duration ranged from 1 to 977 days, and the median survival period was 30 days.

著者

Satoshi Kosukegawa Yuka Nakaya Satomi Kobayashi Kohei Kitano Sachie Matsumura Shohei Ogisawa Manabu Zama Mitsuru Motoyoshi Masayuki Kobayashi

出版者

Nihon University School of Dentistry

雑誌

Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.22-0438, (Released:2023-02-23)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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Purpose: Inhibitory synaptic currents from fast-spiking neurons (FSNs), a typical gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneuron in the cerebral cortex, to pyramidal neurons are facilitated by insulin. FSNs frequently show electrical synapses to FSNs, however, the effect of insulin on these electrical synapses is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of insulin on electrical synaptic potentials between FSNs.Methods: Electrical synaptic potentials via gap junctions between FSNs were recorded to examine how insulin modulates these potentials in the rat insular cortex (IC).Results: Bath application of insulin (10 nM), which increases the spike firing rate of pyramidal neurons and unitary inhibitory postsynaptic currents recorded from FSN to pyramidal neuron connections, slightly but significantly increased electrical synaptic currents. The mean ratio of electrical synapses, the coupling coefficient that is obtained by postsynaptic voltage responses divided by presynaptic voltage amplitude, was 8.3 ± 1.1% in control and 9.2 ± 1.1% (n = 14) during 10 nM insulin application. Input resistance and voltage responses to large hyperpolarizing currents (−140 pA) were not changed by insulin.Conclusion: These results suggest that insulin facilitates spike synchronization by increasing electrical synaptic currents via gap junctions of GABAergic FSNs in the IC.

著者

Shutaro Kobayashi Kazunori O’Hashi Keisuke Kaneko Satomi Kobayashi Shouhei Ogisawa Morio Tonogi Satoshi Fujita Masayuki Kobayashi

出版者

Nihon University School of Dentistry

雑誌

Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21-0528, (Released:2022-02-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

1

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Purpose: Unless the phenotype of the transgenic mice is distinguishable, genotyping in each mouse is required prior to experiments. This study aimed to establish a new identification method for the phenotype in Thy1-GCaMP6s transgenic mice to reduce the cost and time.Methods: Tail biopsies (2 mm) were performed under general anesthesia with isoflurane in 3 to 4-week-old mice. Then, the resected tail was cut again with a sharp razor, and the cross-sections were observed with two-photon microscopy (excitation wavelength = 940 nm). The emitted light was split into green and red light by a dichroic mirror (570 nm) with bandpass filters (495-540 nm for green, 575-645 nm for red).Results: Two types of expressed fluorescent pattern were found in the tail tissue: the presence of green fluorescent structures (type 1) and the absence of the structures (type 2). Cortical imaging confirmed that type 1 expressed the cortical GCaMP6s, while type 2 did not.Conclusion: These results suggest that observation of the cross-sectioned tail in Thy1-GCaMP6s mice enabled to identify the phenotype within approximately 10 min/mouse, which reduces the cost and time for genotyping.

著者

Masayuki Kobayashi Yuka Nakaya

出版者

Nihon University School of Dentistry

雑誌

Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19-0386, (Released:2020-02-27)

参考文献数

59

被引用文献数

8

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Corticofugal projections to neurons in the medullary dorsal horn, i.e., the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Sp5C), are thought to play a critical role in regulating nociceptive information processing in the trigeminal nervous system. The Sp5C consists of 5 layers, each of which exhibits its own characteristic features of cellular organization. Therefore, the layers receiving corticofugal projections must be identified when discussing the role of the cerebral cortex in nociception arising from the trigeminal nerve. It is also necessary to discriminate between layers of the Sp5C where corticofugal projections terminate, because the Sp5C involves glutamatergic neurons and GABAergic/glycinergic neurons, which correspond to excitatory and inhibitory neurons, respectively. This review summarizes descending projections from the cerebral cortex, including the primary and secondary somatosensory and insular cortices, to the Sp5C.

著者

Masayuki Kobayashi Eri Horinuki

出版者

日本大学歯学部

雑誌

Journal of Oral Science (ISSN:13434934)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.167-171, 2017 (Released:2017-06-22)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

19

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Orthodontic tooth movement is accompanied by inflammatory responses in the periodontal ligament. Chemical mediators such as interleukin-1β have key roles in nociception around teeth. Such nociceptive inputs to the periodontal ligament continue for several days and potentially induce plastic changes in higher brain regions, including the cerebral cortex. This review summarizes research on orthodontic treatment-induced modulation of neural activities in the central nervous system. Furthermore, we describe our recent findings on the spatiotemporal effects of orthodontic treatment in the somatosensory and insular cortices.

著者

小林 雅之 Masayuki KOBAYASHI 東京大学 Center for Research and Development of Higher Education The University of Tokyo

出版者

東洋館出版社

雑誌

教育社会学研究 = The journal of educational sociology (ISSN:03873145)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, pp.101-125, 2007-05-31

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In Japan, like in most countries, the equality of educational opportunities is a crucial issue both in academics and in governmental policy. However, the policy of equality of educational opportunities in Japanese higher education has been weakening. The first aim of this paper is to investigate the background of the policy and to clarify the reasons for its loss of importance. With this aim, the author gives an overview of policy and research works on the equality of higher education opportunities in Japan, in comparison with those overseas. The aim of higher educational policy and planning in post world-war II Japan was to rectify disparities in higher education opportunities between regions and social classes by increasing the supply of institutions providing higher education. However, the policy turned drastically from enlargement to suppression in 1975. The establishment of new universities and departments in the metropolitan area were strictly restricted by the Ministry of Education. This policy aimed to reduce regional inequalities in higher educational opportunities, and was largely successful in doing so. However, the policy concentrated on the regional inequalities, leading to a loss of concern on inequalities among social classes, with the exception of student financial aid programs. Secondly, the results of the Student Life Survey by the Ministry of Education (from 2004 by the Japan Student Service Organization) are often used to demonstrate the equality of higher educational opportunities in Japan. On the contrary, however, some researchers argue that the inequality of higher educational opportunity has been increasing or at least not decreasing, using other survey data. This paper examines the equality of higher educational opportunities using new survey data from 2005. The data show large inequalities in university education opportunities, particularly in private universities. In particular, the participation rate is very low among low-income, low-achievement, female high school graduates. This shows that there are still problems of inequality. Thirdly, this survey shows the existence of debt aversion among parents in the lowest income class and in families with mothers having the lowest education levels. It seems likely that debt aversion leads to serious problems because of the inadequacy of student aid programs, coupled with high tuition fees in Japan. The student financial aid programs of The Japan Student Service Organization, the largest public student program in Japan, gives loans, but not grants, to undergraduates. Some parents and students from lower income tiers may decide not to apply to university to avoid a debt burden. This result implies the need for grants to maintain the accessibility of higher education in the future.