著者

Mitsuru YAMAMOTO

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

Geographical review of Japan, Series B (ISSN:02896001)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.83-94, 1997-12-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

---

Population loss, the movement of young and middle aged people into occupations outside of agriculture, and the aging of LPG workers had been conspicuous in the rural areas of southwest Thuringia in former East Germany even before reunification. Aging of agricultural workers and acquisition of side jobs by members of farm households, processes similar to those occurring in West Germany and other industrial countries, had already begun. We investigated the employment situation in one particular village close to the former east-west border. Here, some young people were able to continue in their old occupations in the East even after reunification, while those who lost their jobs looked for employment in Bavaria, in former West Germany. They too often found occupations in which they could use their previously learned skills. The local LPG, on the other hand, was turned into a cooperative, which rehired for the most part young skilled workers, while the older generation was let go and went into retirement. There are now only two independent farms and one farmer who has rented his land out to a Bavarian lessee; all other land is rented by the local cooperative. In spite of the political changes the occupational structure of the area, agriculture with subsidiary employment-multiple job-holding farming-remains basically unaltered. We suggest that the equal division inheritance system, leading to small scale farms, and the existence of traditional manufacturing industries, etc., conditions that distinguish this region from the North of former East Germany, have sustained this structure. The location, close to the former border and resulting employment opportunities in the West, that became available with reunification, probably provide significant support for it. The rural area of southwestern Thuringia should thus be understood as having a character which is markedly distinct from that of the North of former East Germany.

著者

Koji KOBAYASHI Satoshi NAKAGAWA Jozef MLAÁDEK Masahiro KAGAMI Peter MEUSBURGER Hiroshi SASAKI Koji KOBAYASHI Masaaki KUREHA Teresa CZYZ Ivan BICIK Martin HAMPL Antal AUBERT Jörg MATER Mitsuru YAMAMOTO Lidia SASAKI Shigeru YAMAMOTO

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:13479555)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.392-403, 2003-04-01 (Released:2008-12-25)

著者

Mikio Fujimoto Shota Suzuki Hirotaka Kuki Minori Masuda Keiichi Takei Mitsuru Yamamoto

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.7, pp.504-507, 2019 (Released:2019-07-02)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2

---

[Purpose] The Gait Judge System measures the plantar flexion resistive torque acting on the angle of the ankle joint, as well as the ankle joint itself, of the ankle-foot orthosis using a 1,000 Hz sampling frequency. This pilot study aimed to determine the characteristics of plantar flexion resistive torque acting on the double Klenzak ankle joint of the ankle-foot orthoses worn by healthy individuals. [Participants and Methods] Participants were eight healthy young adults (3 male, 5 female; mean age, 26.8 years old; mean height, 165 cm.; mean body weight, 56.3 kg). Plantar flexion resistive torques and angles of the ankle joint in gait cycles were measured with the Gait Judge System. Speed of gait was calculated using a ruler attached on the floor and the Gait Judge System video. We classified waveforms according to the existence of second peaks in the gait cycle. The correlations between parameters related to the plantar flexion resistive torque and the speed of gait were evaluated using Pearson’s simple correlation analysis. [Results] The plantar flexion resistive torque showed two peaks: the first peak was at the loading response, measured at 17.4 Nm, and the second peak was at the pre-swing phase, measured at 10.9 Nm. However, the second peak was absent in three of the participants. The normalized second peak and the second peak/first peak ratio had a strong, positive correlation with the speed of gait. [Conclusion] The Gait Judge System revealed typical waveforms according to the parameters set in this study.