著者

So Young Lee Jai-Ok Kim Jiunn-Ger Li

出版者

日本建築学会(AIJ)、大韓建築学会(AIK)、中国建築学会(ASC) 編集事務局:AIJ jaabe(at)aij.or.jp

雑誌

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering (ISSN:13467581)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.133-140, 2011-05-13 (Released:2011-05-13)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

5 25 2

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The perception of crowding and the shopping environment can influence consumers' decisions on where to shop as well as their buying decision and store image. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of store layout design and factors about the consumer on the perception of store crowding and in turn analyze the impact of perceived crowding on shopping behavior and store image. Surveys were conducted at two discount stores in Taipei City, Taiwan. A total of 532 questionnaires were used for analysis. Spatial crowding was assessed using physical area factors including floor layout designs, aisle table area, and ceiling height. Perceptions of crowding resulted from the spatial arrangement, while human crowding contributed to the feeling of overall store crowding. Among a store's physical area factors, aisle table area most strongly impacts the overall degree of perceived store crowding, followed by free-flow layout and grid layout areas. Among various individual factors, age and prior experience of crowding are significantly related to perceived crowding. The results showed that perceptions of spatial crowding had a negative relationship to promotional image while perceptions of human crowding had a positive relationship to discount store image.

著者

Singh Raksha Lee Mi-Ok Lee Jae-Eun Choi Jihyun Park Ji Hun Kim Eun Hye Yoo Ran Hee Cho Jung-Il Jeon Jong-Seong Rakwal Randeep Agrawal Ganesh Kumar Moon Jae Sun

出版者

American Society of Plant Physiologists

雑誌

Plant physiology (ISSN:00320889)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.160, no.1, pp.477-487, 2012-09

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades support the flow of extracellular signals to intracellular target molecules and ultimately drive a diverse array of physiological functions in cells, tissues, and organisms by interacting with other proteins. Yet, our knowledge of the global physical MAPK interactome in plants remains largely fragmented. Here, we utilized the yeast two-hybrid system and coimmunoprecipitation, pull-down, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, subcellular localization, and kinase assay experiments in the model crop rice (Oryza sativa) to systematically map what is to our knowledge the first plant MAPK-interacting proteins. We identified 80 nonredundant interacting protein pairs (74 nonredundant interactors) for rice MAPKs and elucidated the novel proteome-wide network of MAPK interactors. The established interactome contains four membrane-associated proteins, seven MAP2Ks (for MAPK kinase), four MAPKs, and 59 putative substrates, including 18 transcription factors. Several interactors were also validated by experimental approaches (in vivo and in vitro) and literature survey. Our results highlight the importance of OsMPK1, an ortholog of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) salicyclic acid-induced protein kinase and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtMPK6, among the rice MAPKs, as it alone interacts with 41 unique proteins (51.2% of the mapped MAPK interaction network). Additionally, Gene Ontology classification of interacting proteins into 34 functional categories suggested MAPK participation in diverse physiological functions. Together, the results obtained essentially enhance our knowledge of the MAPK-interacting protein network and provide a valuable research resource for developing a nearly complete map of the rice MAPK interactome.

著者

Yoon Boo Ok Koyanagi Shin Asano Takao HARA Mariko HIGUCHI Akon

出版者

The Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan

雑誌

質量分析 = Mass spectroscopy (ISSN:13408097)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.168-173, 2003-02-01

被引用文献数

1 2

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We undertook a fundamental investigation of the removal of endocrine disruptors from aqueous solution by a sorption method using activated carbons, and compared the removal ability of endocrine disruptors by activated carbons to that by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes. The activated carbons exhibited high removal ability of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), 100 fold increased adsorption over that with PDMS membranes from aqueous solution of DBCP. The removal ratio of the endocrine disruptors, <i>e.g., </i>1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, dibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin, and hexachlorocyclohexane, increased linearly in an aqueous solution with increasing the logarithm of <i>P</i>_ow of the endocrine disruptors. Almost complete removal of the endocrine disruptors (<i>i.e.,</i>>85%) was observed above log <i>P</i>_ow=3.5 in 25 mL of an aqueous solution using 0.05 g activated carbon. One aim of the present study is to use preferential sorption of chemical contaminants onto activated carbons for removal of the chemical contaminants from aqueous solutions including drinking water, beverages, milk, and human milk. When the removal of endocrine disruptors contained in milk or human milk is targeted, water soluble vitamins in the milk, such as vitamin B₂, vitamin B₁₂, and niacin are expected to be co-currently adsorbed on the activated carbons. Therefore, the present sorption method using activated carbon was applied to the removal of endocrine disruptors, such as di-<i>n</i>-octylphthalate, from the mineral water and 89% of di-<i>n</i>-octylphthalate was removed.

著者

崔 昌玉 Choi Chang Ok

出版者

千葉大学大学院人文社会科学研究科

雑誌

千葉大学人文社会科学研究 (ISSN:18834744)

巻号頁・発行日

no.13, pp.27-44, 2006-09-28

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先行研究において,ヴォイスは形態論,統辞論,意味論的な観点から考察されてきた.これらの観点だけでなく,語用論,認知論的観点からもヴォイスを考察しようとする研究も現れている.能動対受動に議論を限定するのであれば,形態論的には能動形が無標形であり,受動形が有標形である.また,統辞論的には能動文における主語や目的語が受動文では能動文の目的語が主語の位置に昇格し,能動文の主語が斜格の位置に降格する.更に,意味論的には能動文と受動文は言語外的事実には何ら相違がない.本稿の目的は一般言語学における意味論的役割について言及するところにある.意味論的役割とは,動作の主体(動作主あるいは動作の源泉)や動作の客体(受動者あるいは動作の受け手)に関わるものである.今までの研究では,意味論的役割について曖昧な議論を続けてきたが,本稿では,その議論を整理し,現代朝鮮語に適用し得る方法論を提示する.