著者

川島 由次 仲田 正 高橋 宏 KAWASHIMA Yoshitsugu NAKADA Tadashi TAKAHASHI Hiroshi 琉球大学農学部畜産学科 Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture University of the Ryukyus

出版者

南方資源利用技術研究会

雑誌

南方資源利用技術研究会誌 = Journal of the society tropical resources technologists (ISSN:09129588)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.13-22, 1985-03-30

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カビバラは南米原産の草食性げっ歯類である.その体長は100~130cm,体高が50~60cm,体重は40~60kgにも達し,げっ歯類では最大の種である.消化器系の特徴は,歯の形態が植物食によく適応し,盲腸の発達がきわめてよいことである.妊娠期間は約150日間,産子数は平均5頭で,出産は2年間で3回可能である,乳頭数は5対が基本数である.カピバラの繁殖率はウシと比較して約6倍高い値が得られている.本種は早熟なので1年半でと殺が可能である.1日増体量は54g,枝肉歩どまりは51%なので,その産肉効率をウシと比べると3.4倍高い値を示している.肉は焼き肉が美味であるが,ソーセージ類・燻製品などにも加工されている.皮革は水にぬれて乾いても堅くならない特色をもっている.カピバラは穀類に依存しないで,ホテイアオイや湿地性の植物で飼育可能な省エネルギー動物であり,将来の有望な食肉資源である.The capybara is a South American herbivorous rodent. It is the largest living rodent, as the length of the head and body, the body height and the body weight are 100-130 cm, 50-60 cm and 40-60 kg, respectively. As the characteristics of the digestive sysem, it is found that the dentition is specially suited to grind the feed and the cecum shows a marked development The duration of pregnancy averages about 130 days. The size of litter averages 5 youngs. Three parturitions for two years in a capybara are possible. There are five pairs of ventral mammae. The capybara is about six times as efficient as the cattle in its productive performance. It reaches early at sexual maturity, and the early maturity makes it possible to slaughter within 1.5 years. It achieves a growth rate of about 54g per day. Carcass yield is 51%. A comparison of the productive efficiency of the capybara and the cattle has shown that the capybara is 3.4 times as efficient as the cattle. The meat has a good taste and is used for the production of sausages and smoked meat. As its hide has the property of stretching in one direction only, and is, therefore, much sought after by leather makers. The capybara feeds mainly on grasses and sometimes eats aquatic plants such as the water hyacinth. It appears that the capybara may become an indigenous source of meat, which enables to be produced at comparatively low costs because it does not eat grains.

著者

YAMAJI Moeka TAKAHASHI Hiroshi G. KUBOTA Takuji OKI Riko HAMADA Atsushi TAKAYABU Yukari N.

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2020-038, (Released:2020-05-27)

被引用文献数

18

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This study investigates the global drop size distribution (DSD) of rainfall and its relationship to large-scale precipitation characteristics using the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) onboard the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory. This study focuses on seasonal variations in the dominant precipitation systems regarding variations in DSD. A mass-weighted mean diameter (Dm), which is estimated based on the dual-frequency information derived from the GPM/DPR, is statistically analyzed as a typical parameter of the DSD. Values of the annual mean Dm, in general, are larger over land than over the oceans, and the relationship between Dm and precipitation rate (R) is not a simple one-to-one relationship. Furthermore, Dm exhibits statistically significant seasonal variations, specifically over the northwest Pacific Ocean, whereas R shows insignificant variations, indicating the variations in R cannot explain the distinct seasonal changes in Dm. Focusing on the seasonal variation in Dm over the northwest Pacific Ocean, the results indicate that the variation in Dm is related to the seasonal change in the dominant precipitation systems. In the summer over the northwest Pacific Ocean, Dm is related to the organized precipitation systems associated with the Baiu front over the mid-latitudes and tropical disturbances over the subtropical region, with relatively higher precipitation top heights, composed of both stratiform and convective precipitations. Contrary to the summer, larger Dm over the mid-latitudes in winter is related to extratropical frontal systems with ice particles in the upper layers, which consists of more stratiform precipitation in the storm track region. The smaller Dm over the subtropical northwest Pacific Ocean in winter is associated with shallow convective precipitation systems with trade-wind cumulus clouds and cumulus congestus under the subtropical high.

著者

TAKAHASHI Hiroshi G.

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-046, (Released:2018-05-25)

被引用文献数

2

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This study investigated the absolute values of column-integrated water vapor (precipitable water; PW) in the climate models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), in terms of the relationships between PW and precipitation characteristics. We identified that global mean PW values are systematically much lower in CMIP5 models than in observations. This dry bias is most profound over the tropical ocean. The dry bias is partly due to biases in sea surface temperatures in the CMIP5-coupled climate models. However, the dry bias is also present in Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) experiments, which implies the existence of other factors. The relationship between PW and rainfall characteristics shows that rainfall occurs when water vapor levels are lower than in observations, particularly in models with a relatively strong dry bias. This suggests that the reproducibility of rainfall characteristics may be associated with the dry bias.

著者

TAKAHASHI Hiroshi G. DADO Julie Mae B.

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-031, (Released:2018-03-09)

被引用文献数

7

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We offer a new perspective on a relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) over the windward region of the Philippines and rainfall in the western Philippines during the Asian summer monsoon season, which has been known as the negative correlation, using observational daily SST, rainfall, and atmospheric circulation datasets. This study focuses on the local SST effect rather than the remote effect. A warmer local SST results in greater rainfall over the western Philippines under similar monsoon westerlies conditions, particularly during moderate and relatively stronger monsoon regimes. This result is obtained after selecting only the moderate or relatively stronger monsoon days, because the positive effect of SST on rainfall is masked by the apparent negative correlation between SST and rainfall. The warmer SSTs being associated with less rainfall correspond to weaker cooling by weaker monsoon westerlies and the cooler SSTs being associated with more rainfall correspond to stronger cooling by stronger monsoon westerlies. The cooler SSTs are the result of stronger monsoon cooling and are not the cause of the greater rainfall, which is the apparent statistical relationship. This also implies that the monsoon westerly is the primary driver of the variation in rainfall in this region. We conclude that the local SST makes a positive contribution toward rainfall, although it does not primarily control rainfall. This conclusion can be applicable to coastal regions where, climatologically, rainfall is controlled by winds from the ocean.

著者

TAKAHASHI HIROSHI

出版者

Society for the Study of Species Biology

雑誌

Plant species biology

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.61-68, 1989

被引用文献数

1

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The floral biology of Tricyrtis affinis was investigated and compared with that of four species of Tricyrtis which had been reported by the author. The flower opens for two days and is protandrous as in T. latifolia, T. flava, and T. ohsumiensis. The primary pollinators of T. affinis were Bombus diversus diversus and Amegilla sp., which were not different from those of the previous species although the shape and the color of the T. affinis flower are somewhat different from the others. The whole perianth of T. affinis absorbs UV light fairly well, and the large purple spotted area near the base absorbs it markedly well. The UV absorption pattern of the T. affinis flower is similar to that of T. latifolia. T. affinis is also self-compatible, like the others, and seeds obtained by self-pollination germinated well. Pollination of T. affinis is characterized by a refined system.

著者

Hagiya Keiichi Takahashi Hiroshi Isaka Yumi Inomata Shinichi Tanaka Makoto

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia (ISSN:10530770)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.925-932, 2013-10

被引用文献数

4

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ObjectiveAcidosis produces a negative inotropic effect on cardiac muscle against which catecholamines and phosphodiesterase III inhibitors have limited therapeutic effects. This study evaluated the effects of colforsin, which directly activates adenylate cyclase without β-adrenergic receptor activation, in isolated Langendorff rat hearts in a pH- and concentration-dependent manner.DesignExperimental animal study.SettingA university laboratory.ParticipantsSprague-Dawley rats.InterventionsHearts were isolated and perfused with 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid/Tyrode solution (pH 7.4) in the Langendorff preparation. The hearts were assigned randomly to the control (pH 7.4), mild acidosis (pH 7.0), or severe acidosis (pH 6.6) group (n = 8 per group) and were perfused continuously with colforsin 10−7, 10−6, and 10−5 mol/L.Measurements and Main ResultsMaximum dP/dt was determined, and the concentration-response relation was evaluated at each pH. Colforsin at 10−6 mol/L increased the maximum dP/dt from 2,592 ± 557 to 5,189 ± 721 mmHg/s (p < 0.001) and from 1,942 ± 325 to 3,399 ± 608 mmHg/s (p < 0.001) in the control and mild acidosis groups, respectively; whereas colforsin, 10−5 mol/L, significantly increased the maximum dP/dt even in the severe acidosis group. No significant difference was seen in maximum dP/dt among the 3 groups after infusion with colforsin 10−5 mol/L.ConclusionsIn contrast to catecholamines and other inodilators, colforsin at a high concentration restores decreased cardiac contractility against severe acidosis to an extent similar to physiologic pH.