著者

Kyoko FUKUMOTO Takashi KOBAYASHI Kazuo KOMAMURA Shiro KAMAKURA Masafumi KITAKAZE Kazuyuki UENO

出版者

日本薬物動態学会 会長/日本薬物動態学会 DMPK編集委員長

雑誌

Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (ISSN:13474367)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.6, pp.423-427, 2005 (Released:2006-01-11)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

13 11

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We investigated whether there was a stereoselective effect of amiodarone on the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol. Among a series of 106 inpatients with heart failure, 52 received carvedilol monotherapy (carvedilol group) and 54 received carvedilol plus amiodarone (carvedilol+amiodarone group). The serum carvedilol concentration administered/dose ratio was compared between the two groups based on HPLC measurement of the serum levels of carvedilol, amiodarone, and desethylamiodarone. In 6 patients from the carvedilol group, serum carvedilol levels were compared before and after coadministration of amiodarone. There was no significant between-group difference of the serum concentration to dose (C/D ratio) for the R-enantiomer carvedilol, however, the C/D ratio for the S-enantiomer and the serum S-carvedilol to R-carvedilol (S/R) ratio were both significantly lower in the carvedilol group than in the carvedilol+amiodarone group(47.8±56.7 versus 95.3±105 ng/mg/kg, P=0.0048 and 0.460±0.207 versus 0.879±0.377 ng/mg/kg, P<0.001), respectively. Furthermore, the mean S-carvedilol concentration over 14 days of coadministration with amiodarone was higher than that before coadministration (6.54±1.73 ng/mL versus 3.03±0.670 ng/mL, P<0.001). These results suggest that metabolism of S-carvedilol was markedly inhibited by coadministration of amiodarone.

著者

Satoshi Yamamoto Kazuo Inui Yoshiaki Katano Hironao Miyoshi Takashi Kobayashi Yoshihiko Tachi

出版者

Fujita Medical Society

雑誌

Fujita Medical Journal (ISSN:21897247)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-011, (Released:2022-10-28)

参考文献数

22

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Objectives: We aimed to determine when a coexisting pseudocyst was likely to complicate the nonsurgical treatment of pancreatolithiasis.Methods: We treated 165 patients with pancreatolithiasis nonsurgically between 1992 and 2020, including 21 with pseudocysts. Twelve patients had a single pseudocyst less than 60 mm in diameter. Pseudocysts in the other nine patients had diameters of at least 60 mm or were multiple. The locations of pseudocysts along the length of the pancreas varied from the area with stone involvement to the pancreatic tail. We compared the outcomes in these groups.Results: We found no significant differences in pain relief, stone clearance, stone recurrence, or the likelihood of adverse events between pseudocyst groups or between patients with vs without pseudocysts. However, 4 of 9 patients with large or multiple pseudocysts required transition to surgical treatment (44%) compared with 13 of 144 patients with pancreatolithiasis and no pseudocyst (9.0%) (P=0.006).Conclusions: Patients with smaller pseudocysts typically underwent nonsurgical stone clearance successfully with few adverse events, similar to findings in patients with pancreatolithiasis and no pseudocysts. Pancreatolithiasis complicated by large or multiple pseudocysts did not cause more adverse events but was more likely to require transition to surgery compared with pancreatolithiasis without pseudocysts. In patients with large or multiple pseudocysts, early transition to surgery should be considered when nonsurgical treatment is ineffective.

著者

Akiko FUYUKI Takuma HIGURASHI Takaomi KESSOKU Keiichi ASHIKARI Tsutomu YOSHIHARA Noboru MISAWA Michihiro IWAKI Takashi KOBAYASHI Hidenori OHKUBO Masato YONEDA Haruki USUDA Koichiro WADA Atsushi NAKAJIMA

出版者

BMFH Press

雑誌

Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health (ISSN:21863342)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.105-114, 2021 (Released:2021-04-17)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

5

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Chronic constipation is a functional disorder that decreases a patient’s quality of life (QOL). Because dysbiosis has been associated with constipation, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 (BBG9-1) in improving QOL in patients with constipation. This was a prospective, single-center, non-blinded, single-arm feasibility trial. A total of 31 patients with constipation and decreased QOL received BBG9-1 treatment for 8 weeks, followed by a 2-week washout period. The primary endpoint was change in the overall Japanese version of the patient assessment of constipation of QOL (JPAC-QOL) score after probiotic administration relative to that at baseline. Secondary endpoints included changes in gut microbiota, stool consistency, frequency of bowel movement, degree of straining, sensation of incomplete evacuation, and frequency of rescue drug use. The overall JPAC-QOL scores and frequency of bowel movement significantly improved after BBG9-1 administration from those at baseline (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). There were no statistically significant changes in other clinical symptoms. Subset analysis revealed that patients with initial Bristol Stool Form Scale stool types of <4 had improvements in stool consistency, a significant increase in the frequency of bowel movements, and a significant alleviation in the degree of straining, following BBG9-1 administration. At the genus and species levels, Sarcina and Sarcina maxima were significantly increased. Functional analysis showed that butanoate metabolism increased significantly, whereas methane metabolism decreased significantly. We concluded that BBG9-1 is safe and improves QOL in patients with constipation. The underlying improvements may be due to changes in stool consistency.

著者

Da-Ming Gao Takashi Kobayashi Shuji Adachi

出版者

Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology

雑誌

Food Science and Technology Research (ISSN:13446606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.6, pp.801-803, 2015 (Released:2016-01-28)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2 5

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The solubility of d-galactose, d-tagatose, and d-talose in aqueous ethanol (20 – 80 wt%) was measured in the temperature range of −30°C to 20°C. The solubility of each sugar decreased upon increasing the ethanol concentration and decreasing the temperature. The solubility of d-talose and d-tagatose was higher than that of d-galactose under all conditions. The temperature dependence of the solubility of each hexose can be expressed by the van't Hoff equation. The dissolution enthalpy of each hexose decreased upon increasing the ethanol concentration. The dissolution enthalpy of d-talose was higher than that of d-galactose and d-tagatose.

著者

Yuya Furushiro Takashi Kobayashi

出版者

The Japanese Society of Applied Glycoscience

雑誌

Journal of Applied Glycoscience (ISSN:13447882)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.jag.JAG-2019_0014, (Released:2019-10-29)

被引用文献数

9

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Glucose and fructose were treated in subcritical water in the presence of alkali or alkaline earth metal chlorides. All salts accelerated the conversion of saccharides, and alkaline earth metal chloride greatly promoted the isomerization of glucose to fructose. In contrast, alkali metal salts only slightly promoted this isomerization and facilitated the decomposition of glucose to byproducts such as organic acids. The selectivity of the glucose-to-fructose isomerization was higher at lower conversions of glucose and in the presence of alkaline earth metal chlorides. The pH of the reaction mixture also greatly affected the selectivity, which decreased rapidly at lower pH due to the generated organic acids. At low pH, decomposition of glucose became dominant over isomerization, but further conversion of glucose was suppressed. This result was elucidated by the suppression of the alkali-induced isomerization of glucose at low pH. Fructose underwent decomposition during the treatment of the fructose solution, but its isomerization to glucose was not observed. The added salts autocatalytically promoted the decomposition of fructose, and the reaction mechanism of fructose decomposition differed from that of glucose.

著者

Kunihiro NODA Takashi KOBAYASHI Noritoshi ATSUMI

出版者

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers

雑誌

IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.E101.D, no.7, pp.1751-1765, 2018-07-01 (Released:2018-07-01)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

4

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Behaviors of an object-oriented system can be visualized as reverse-engineered sequence diagrams from execution traces. This approach is a valuable tool for program comprehension tasks. However, owing to the massiveness of information contained in an execution trace, a reverse-engineered sequence diagram is often afflicted by a scalability issue. To address this issue, many trace summarization techniques have been proposed. Most of the previous techniques focused on reducing the vertical size of the diagram. To cope with the scalability issue, decreasing the horizontal size of the diagram is also very important. Nonetheless, few studies have addressed this point; thus, there is a lot of needs for further development of horizontal summarization techniques. We present in this paper a method for identifying core objects for trace summarization by analyzing reference relations and dynamic properties. Visualizing only interactions related to core objects, we can obtain a horizontally compactified reverse-engineered sequence diagram that contains system's key behaviors. To identify core objects, first, we detect and eliminate temporary objects that are trivial for a system by analyzing reference relations and lifetimes of objects. Then, estimating the importance of each non-trivial object based on their dynamic properties, we identify highly important ones (i.e., core objects). We implemented our technique in our tool and evaluated it by using traces from various open-source software systems. The results showed that our technique was much more effective in terms of the horizontal reduction of a reverse-engineered sequence diagram, compared with the state-of-the-art trace summarization technique. The horizontal compression ratio of our technique was 134.6 on average, whereas that of the state-of-the-art technique was 11.5. The runtime overhead imposed by our technique was 167.6% on average. This overhead is relatively small compared with recent scalable dynamic analysis techniques, which shows the practicality of our technique. Overall, our technique can achieve a significant reduction of the horizontal size of a reverse-engineered sequence diagram with a small overhead and is expected to be a valuable tool for program comprehension.

著者

小林 隆 Takashi KOBAYASHI

出版者

国立国語研究所

雑誌

研究報告集 = Occasional Papers

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.165-189, 1991-03 (Released:2017-06-13)

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現代方言における東西対立分布が,どのように成立したかを,『日本言語地図』と文献資料により考察した。その結果,東西対立の成立パタンには,東西対立をなす語形の,①放射の中心地,②放射の順序,③伝播の範囲の三つの観点から見て,四つの異なるタイプが想定されることが明らかになった。また,安部清哉氏の方言分布成立における「四つの層」の仮説が,東西対立の成立過程を説明するのに妥当かどうかを検討した。 I examine how the opposition of east and west in the distribution of modern dialects in Japan originated, using the Linguistic Atlas of Japan and some historical materials. I first consider the opposition patterns from three angles : (1) distributions from a center, (2) sequence of distributions, (3) scope of distributions ; it appears that four different types can be distinguished. Next, considering the hypothesis put forward by Abe (Seiya) on the existence of four layers in the formation of dialects, I examine whether this explains the east/west opposition. 17の書名 : 国立国語研究所研究報告集