- 著者
- Kentaro Araki Teruyuki Kato Yasutaka Hirockawa Wataru Mashiko
- 出版者
- Meteorological Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2021-002, (Released:2020-12-24)
- 被引用文献数
- 33
This study investigated characteristics of atmospheric environmental fields in the occurrence of quasi-stationary convective bands (QSCBs) in Kyushu, western Japan during the July 2020 heavy rainfall event. We performed case studies of extreme rainfall subevents in the Kumamoto and Kagoshima prefectures on 3-4 July (2020KK) and northern Kyushu on 6-7 July 2020 (2020NK), compared with two heavy rainfall events in northern Kyushu in 2017 and 2018.Nine QSCBs were objectively extracted during the July 2020 heavy rainfall event, causing hourly precipitation amounts exceeding 100 mm twenty times. In 2020KK, the environmental field with extremely large precipitable water due to low-level and middle-level humidity was affected by the upper-level cold airflow, which resulted in favorable condition for the deep convection development. Consequently, the lightning activity became high, and cloud tops were the highest in comparison to previous events. QSCBs in 2020KK and 2020NK were located along a low-level convergence line/zone associated with an inflow that had extremely large water vapor flux on the south side of the mesoscale Baiu frontal depressions. In most of the QSCB cases in 2020, mesoscale depressions were observed and enhanced horizontal winds, which led to extremely large low-level water vapor flux to produce short-term heavy rainfall.
- 著者
- Kentaro Araki Teruyuki Kato Yasutaka Hirockawa Wataru Mashiko
- 出版者
- Meteorological Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.17, pp.8-15, 2021 (Released:2021-01-29)
- 参考文献数
- 48
- 被引用文献数
- 33
This study investigated characteristics of atmospheric environmental fields in the occurrence of quasi-stationary convective bands (QSCBs) in Kyushu, western Japan during the July 2020 heavy rainfall event. We performed case studies of extreme rainfall subevents in the Kumamoto and Kagoshima prefectures on 3-4 July (2020KK) and northern Kyushu on 6-7 July 2020 (2020NK), compared with two heavy rainfall events in northern Kyushu in 2017 and 2018.Nine QSCBs were objectively extracted during the July 2020 heavy rainfall event, causing hourly precipitation amounts exceeding 100 mm twenty times. In 2020KK, the environmental field with extremely large precipitable water due to low-level and middle-level humidity was affected by the upper-level cold airflow, which resulted in favorable condition for the deep convection development. Consequently, the lightning activity became high, and cloud tops were the highest in comparison to previous events. QSCBs in 2020KK and 2020NK were located along a low-level convergence line/zone associated with an inflow that had extremely large water vapor flux on the south side of the mesoscale Baiu frontal depressions. In most of the QSCB cases in 2020, mesoscale depressions were observed and enhanced horizontal winds, which led to extremely large low-level water vapor flux to produce short-term heavy rainfall.
- 著者
- Yasutaka Hirockawa Teruyuki Kato
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本気象学会
- 雑誌
- SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.18, pp.167-172, 2022 (Released:2022-07-27)
- 参考文献数
- 21
The procedures for identifying and classifying heavy rainfall areas of linear-stationary type (LS-HRAs) from the distributions of radar/raingauge-analyzed precipitation amounts (RAP) were improved to extract “senjo-kousuitai” with elongated and stagnant characteristics that causes localized heavy rainfall in Japan. The improved procedures were verified based on subjective judgments (‘certain’, ‘doubtful’, and ‘suspect’) whether LS-HRAs possess the characteristics of typical senjo-kousuitai. Criteria for excluding LS-HRAs judged to be ‘suspect’, mainly associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) and non-stationary mesoscale convective systems, were introduced to optimally extract senjo-kousuitai events. The criteria were determined by the distance between LS-HRAs and TC centers (DLT), the maximum total RAP of LS-HRA (total RAP), and the properties of each RAP distribution at every hour during the LS-HRA extraction period, e.g., DLT ≤ 500 km and total RAP < 200 mm. By applying these criteria, 372 senjo-kousuitai events were extracted from 452 LS-HRAs during the warm seasons (April–November) in 2009-2020, although approximately 35% of the LS-HRAs judged to be ‘suspect’ were not excluded. The criteria associated with TCs excluded them more effectively than the other factors. The improved procedures for extracting senjo-kousuitai events are expected to be used effectively for their statistical analyses.
- 著者
- Yasutaka Hirockawa Teruyuki Kato
- 出版者
- 公益社団法人 日本気象学会
- 雑誌
- SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2022-027, (Released:2022-06-23)
The procedures for identifying and classifying heavy rainfall areas of linear-stationary type (LS-HRAs) from the distributions of radar/raingauge-analyzed precipitation amounts (RAP) were improved to extract “senjo-kousuitai” with elongated and stagnant characteristics that causes localized heavy rainfall in Japan. The improved procedures were verified based on subjective judgments (‘certainty’, ‘doubtful’, and “suspect’) whether LS-HRAs possess the characteristics of typical senjo-kousuitai. Criteria for excluding LS-HRAs judged to be ‘suspect’, mainly associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) and non-stationary mesoscale convective systems, were introduced to optimally extract senjo-kousuitai events. The criteria were determined by the distance between LS-HRAs and TC centers (DLT), the maximum total RAP of LS-HRA (total RAP), and the properties of each RAP distribution at every hour during the LS-HRA extraction period, e.g., DLT ≤ 500 km and total RAP < 200 mm. By applying these criteria, 372 senjo-kousuitai events were extracted from 452 LS-HRAs during the warm seasons (April–November) in 2009-2020, although approximately 35% of the LS-HRAs judged to be ‘suspect’ were not excluded. The criteria associated with TCs excluded them more effectively than the other factors. The improved procedures for extracting senjo-kousuitai events are expected to be used effectively for their statistical analyses.
- 著者
- Yasutaka Hirockawa Teruyuki Kato
- 出版者
- Meteorological Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2022-003, (Released:2021-12-28)
- 被引用文献数
- 4
We propose a new application method in which radar/raingauge-analyzed precipitation amounts (RAP) produced by the Japan Meteorological Agency are spatially converted into 5km-resolution data, in addition to a three-hourly accumulation procedure, in order to statistically analyze localized heavy rainfall areas (HRAs) for a long period. A long-term trend and homogeneity in the appearance frequency of RAP with 5km-resolution converted by several methods, including the conventional method, are statistically evaluated in comparison with rain-gauge observations. The results indicate that the following application method is the most suitable to represent long-term variations in the appearance frequency of HRAs; (1) the converted value of RAP from 1 km to 5 km resolution is set to the 90th percentile value in 30 segments with 1km-resolution included in a grid with 5km-resolution, and (2) this spatial conversion is conducted after accumulating original RAP with 1km-resolution for three hours. Statistical analyses were performed for the appearance frequency of HRAs extracted from 5km-resolution RAP that were produced by the new application method, which indicates that the number of HRAs of the linear-stationary type could be increased without compromising the characteristics of HRAs extracted by the conventional method.
- 著者
- Yasutaka Hirockawa Teruyuki Kato Kentaro Araki Wataru Mashiko
- 出版者
- Meteorological Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.16, pp.265-270, 2020 (Released:2020-12-24)
- 参考文献数
- 25
- 被引用文献数
- 16 37
An extreme rainfall event brought precipitation amounts exceeding 1000 mm in Kyushu district, southwestern Japan, in early July 2020. Especially, an elongated and stagnated mesoscale convective system formed around the Kuma River in central Kyushu district produced localized heavy rainfall with precipitation amounts larger than 600 mm in 13 hours. Characteristics of this extreme rainfall event were investigated using distributions of radar/raingauge-analyzed precipitation amounts (RAP) and statistically compared with those during the warm seasons (April–November) in 2009-2019. The results are shown as follows; (1) nine heavy rainfall areas of linear-stationary type (LS-HRAs) were extracted, (2) spatial and temporal scales of two LS-HRAs among them respectively exceeded 270 km and 10 hours, (3) the maximum RAP exceeding 100 mm in LS-HRAs were comparable to those in previous extreme rainfall events, (4) large accumulated three-hour precipitation amounts exceeding 200 mm were more frequently observed than those in the previous events, and (5) the accumulated five-day precipitation amount integrated around Kyushu Island was the largest since 2009. This study also showed that the large area-integrated precipitation amount was produced mainly from widespread precipitation systems associated with the Baiu front, while the nine LS-HRAs significantly contributed localized heavy rainfall.
- 著者
- Yasutaka Hirockawa Teruyuki Kato Kentaro Araki Wataru Mashiko
- 出版者
- Meteorological Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.2020-044, (Released:2020-12-10)
- 被引用文献数
- 37
In early July 2020, an extreme rainfall event generated precipitation exceeding 1000 mm in Kyushu district, southwestern Japan. Especially, an elongated and stagnated mesoscale convective system formed around the Kuma River in central Kyushu district produced localized heavy rainfall with precipitation over 600 mm in 13 hours. Characteristics of this extreme rainfall event were investigated using distributions of radar/raingauge-analyzed precipitation amounts (RAP) that were statistically compared with those during the warm seasons (April–November) in 2009-2019. The results are as follows: (1) nine heavy rainfall areas of linear-stationary type (LS-HRAs) were extracted, (2) spatial and temporal scales of two LS-HRAs among the nine exceeded 270 km and 10 hours, respectively, (3) the maximum RAP exceeding 100 mm in LS-HRAs were comparable to those in previous extreme rainfall events, (4) large accumulated three-hour precipitation amounts exceeding 200 mm were more frequently observed than those in previous events, and (5) the accumulated five-day precipitation amount integrated around Kyushu Island was the largest since 2009. This study also showed that a large area-integrated precipitation amount was produced mainly from widespread precipitation systems associated with the Baiu front, while the nine LS-HRAs significantly contributed to localized heavy rainfall.
- 著者
- Yasutaka Hirockawa Teruyuki Kato
- 出版者
- Meteorological Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- SOLA (ISSN:13496476)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.18, pp.13-18, 2022 (Released:2022-02-02)
- 参考文献数
- 23
- 被引用文献数
- 4
We propose a new application method in which radar/raingauge-analyzed precipitation amounts (RAP) produced by the Japan Meteorological Agency are spatially converted into 5km-resolution data, in addition to a three-hourly accumulation procedure, in order to statistically analyze localized heavy rainfall areas (HRAs) for a long period. A long-term trend and homogeneity in the appearance frequency of RAP with 5km-resolution converted by several methods, including the conventional method, are statistically evaluated in comparison with rain-gauge observations. The results indicate that the following application method is the most suitable to represent long-term variations in the appearance frequency of HRAs; (1) the converted value of RAP from 1 km to 5 km resolution is set to the 90th percentile value in 30 segments with 1km-resolution included in a grid with 5km-resolution, and (2) this spatial conversion is conducted after accumulating original RAP with 1km-resolution for three hours. Statistical analyses were performed for the appearance frequency of HRAs extracted from 5km-resolution RAP that were produced by the new application method, which indicates that the number of HRAs of the linear-stationary type could be increased without compromising the characteristics of HRAs extracted by the conventional method.