- 著者
- Ayumi Ikeda Haoqin Xu Naoto Fuji Siqi Zhu Yuki Yamada
- 出版者
- 心理学評論刊行会
- 雑誌
- 心理学評論 (ISSN:03861058)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.62, no.3, pp.281-295, 2019 (Released:2021-02-28)
- 参考文献数
- 73
- 被引用文献数
- 4
The credibility of psychological findings can be undermined by a history of questionable research practices (QRPs) by researchers. One remedy for this problem is the pre-registration of a study in which a research protocol is registered before beginning an experiment. However, the current style of pre-registration can be negatively affected by other QRPs. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that researchers can engage in QRPs, even after a study has been preregistered. In this demonstration study, we used eight QRPs to obtain statistically meaningful results that supported an ad hoc hypothesis. Major system updates such as pre-registration, peer review, and evaluation are required to address these harmful practices. We hope that the present demonstration study provides momentum for further discussions on next-generation research practices.
- 著者
- Fumiya Yonemitsu Kyoshiro Sasaki Yuki Yamada
- 出版者
- 日本基礎心理学会
- 雑誌
- 基礎心理学研究 (ISSN:02877651)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.psychono.42.2, (Released:2023-11-28)
- 参考文献数
- 31
Positive valence links to one’s upside and dominant hand/side, whereas negative valence is associated with one’s downside and non-dominant hand/side (i.e., space-valence metaphor). Previous studies have indicated that the effect of the vertical-valence metaphor is more salient than that of horizontal-valence metaphor. Furthermore, this difference in saliency may be related to whether the experimental task is related to rapid reaction and reaction time (RT), which reflects processing fluency. The present study empirically examined these hypotheses by conducting RT (Experiment 1) and non-RT (Experiment 2) tasks (i.e., a detection task in which rapid reactions were required and a pointing task, respectively). We found that the effect of the vertical-valence metaphor occurred in the experiments, while the typical impact of the horizontal-valence metaphor was not found in either. Our findings suggest that the effect of the vertical-valence metaphor is salient, whereas the impact of the horizontal-valence metaphor is not robust. Moreover, this difference in saliency was independent of the type of experimental tasks.
- 著者
- Fumio Matsuda Shuka Komori Yuki Yamada Daiki Hara Nobuyuki Okahashi
- 出版者
- The Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- Mass Spectrometry (ISSN:2187137X)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- pp.A0106, (Released:2022-11-05)
- 参考文献数
- 44
- 被引用文献数
- 1
In metabolomics studies using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS), a set of product ion spectra is comprehensively acquired from observed ions using the data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode of various tandem MS. However, especially for low-intensity signals, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish artifact signals from true fragment ions derived from a precursor ion. Inadequate precision in the measured m/z value is also one of the bottlenecks to narrowing down the candidate compositional formula. In this study, we report that averaging multiple product ion spectra can improve m/z precision as well as the reliability of fragment ions that are observed in such spectra. A graph-based method was applied to cluster a set of similar spectra from multiple DDA data files resulting in creating an averaged product-ion spectrum. The error levels for the m/z values declined following the central limit theorem, which allowed us to reduce the number of candidate compositional formulas. The improved reliability and precision of the averaged spectra will contribute to a more efficient annotation of product ion spectral data.
- 著者
- Yuki Yamada Satoshi Ninomiya Kenzo Hiraoka Lee Chuin Chen
- 出版者
- The Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- Mass Spectrometry (ISSN:2187137X)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.5, no.2, pp.S0068-S0068, 2017-04-18 (Released:2017-04-27)
- 参考文献数
- 23
- 被引用文献数
- 5
We report on combining a self-aspirated sampling probe and an ESI source using a single metal capillary which is electrically grounded and safe for use by the operator. To generate an electrospray, a negative H.V. is applied to the counter electrode of the ESI emitter to operate in positive ion mode. The sampling/ESI capillary is enclosed within another concentric capillary similar to the arrangement for a standard pneumatically assisted ESI source. The suction of the liquid sample is due to the Venturi effect created by the high-velocity gas flow near the ESI tip. In addition to serving as the mechanism for suction, the high-velocity gas flow also assists in the nebulization of charged droplets, thus producing a stable ion signal. Even though the potential of the ion source counter electrode is more negative than the mass spectrometer in the positive ion mode, the electric field effect is not significant if the ion source and the mass spectrometer are separated by a sufficient distance. Ion transmission is achieved by the viscous flow of the carrier gas. Using the present arrangement, the user can hold the ion source in a bare hand and the ion signal appears almost immediately when the sampling capillary is brought into contact with the liquid sample. The automated analysis of multiple samples can also be achieved by using motorized sample stage and an automated ion source holder.
- 著者
- Fumio Matsuda Shuka Komori Yuki Yamada Daiki Hara Nobuyuki Okahashi
- 出版者
- The Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- Mass Spectrometry (ISSN:2187137X)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.11, no.1, pp.A0106, 2022-12-15 (Released:2022-12-15)
- 参考文献数
- 44
- 被引用文献数
- 1
In metabolomics studies using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS), a set of product ion spectra is comprehensively acquired from observed ions using the data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode of various tandem MS. However, especially for low-intensity signals, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish artifact signals from true fragment ions derived from a precursor ion. Inadequate precision in the measured m/z value is also one of the bottlenecks to narrowing down the candidate compositional formula. In this study, we report that averaging multiple product ion spectra can improve m/z precision as well as the reliability of fragment ions that are observed in such spectra. A graph-based method was applied to cluster a set of similar spectra from multiple DDA data files resulting in creating an averaged product-ion spectrum. The error levels for the m/z values declined following the central limit theorem, which allowed us to reduce the number of candidate compositional formulas. The improved reliability and precision of the averaged spectra will contribute to a more efficient annotation of product ion spectral data.
1 0 0 0 OA Free Will and the Divergence Problem
- 著者
- Takuo AOYAMA Shogo SHIMIZU Yuki YAMADA
- 出版者
- Japan Association for Philosophy of Science
- 雑誌
- Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.23, pp.1-18, 2015-03-30 (Released:2017-08-31)
- 参考文献数
- 19
This paper presents what the authors call the 'divergence problem' regarding choosing between different future possibilities. As is discussed in the first half, the central issue of the problem is the difficulty of temporally locating the 'active cause' on the modal divergent diagram. In the second half of this paper, we discuss the 'second-person freedom' which is, strictly, neither compatibilist negative freedom nor incompatibilist positive freedom. The divergence problem leads us to two hypothetical views (i.e. the view of single-line determination and that of one-off chance), and these views bring humans closer to the afree side - i.e. outside of the contrast between being free and being unfree. The afree side is greatly different from the ordinary human side. This paper tries to secure the second-person freedom as a substitute for the ordinary human freedom while preventing the divergence problem from arising.
- 著者
- Takuya Hoshino Motoshige Azuma Yuki Yamada Varin Titapiwatanakun Mika Yoshimura Fujii Yoshihisa Yamamoto Tatsuo Koide Toshiro Fukami
- 出版者
- The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
- 雑誌
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.67, no.9, pp.929-934, 2019-09-01 (Released:2019-09-01)
- 参考文献数
- 25
- 被引用文献数
- 3
We investigated the water contents in commercial semi-solid preparations used for pressure ulcer (PU) treatment using near-IR spectroscopy (NIRS) and compared the results with those measured using the Karl Fischer (KF) method. The aim of this study was to determine a standard method and select the appropriate topical preparation with the optimal moisture for PU treatment. The water absorption properties of bases and formulations were evaluated with a time-dependent factor using Transwell as the model membrane. KF and NIRS were applicable as measurement methods of the water content in semi-solid formulations. NIRS was shown to be a useful, simple, nondestructive tool that is more advantageous than the KF method. The water absorption characteristics tested using Transwell revealed that the rate of and capacity for water absorption are determined not only by the absorption ability of the polymer base but also by other factors, such as the osmotic pressure exerted by additives. KF and NIR measurements can be used to choose external skin preparations to control the amount of water in PU treatment.