著者

宮村 実晴 角田 泰造 藤墳 規明 本田 良行

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.423-426, 1981 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

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Ventilatory response to CO2 in the Ama (Kachido) was determined by the CO2 rebreathing method in the beginning (March) and during (September) harvest season.It was found that mean slopes of the ventilatory response curve in March and September were 0.76 and 0.73 liters/(min⋅m2⋅mmHg), respectively, this difference being insignificant.

著者

升田 吉雄 吉田 明夫 林 文明 佐々木 健 本田 良行

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.327-336, 1982 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

14 19

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The steady-state ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in 7 assisted breath-hold divers (Funado) were compared with those in 7 normal sedentary controls.Ventilatory response to hypercapnia was measured from the slope of the hyperoxic VN-PETCO2 line, where VN was normalized minute ventilation using the allometric coefficient and PETCO2 end-tidal PCO2. The slope of this line in the Funado (1.48±0.54 liters·min-1·Torr-1) was significantly less than in the control (2.70±1.08 liters·min-1·Torr-1)(p<0.025). On the other hand, hypoxic sensitivity estimated by hyperbolic and exponential mathematical equations was not found to be significantly different between the two groups, although estimated increments in ventilation using the hyperbolic equation exhibited significantly lower response in the Funado than in the control only when PETO2 decreased lower than 50 Torr (p<0.05).These findings in the Funado were different from our previous observations obtained in unassisted breath-hold divers (Kachido), in whom no obvious attenuations in CO2sensitivity were seen. This difference was assumed to be derived from more hypercapnic and hypoxic conditions produced in the Funado than in the Kachido during diving activities.

著者

升田 吉雄 吉田 明夫 林 文明 佐々木 健 本田 良行

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.187-197, 1981 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

22 26

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The ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia of 5 Amas (Kachido) were compared with those of 5 controls of similar ages, physical characteristics and lung volumes. The responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were analyzed by the equations originally proposed [a] by Lloyd et al. and [b] by Kronenberg et al. as follows:[a] VN=(PCO2-B')·D·(1+A/PO2-C) +VB'.[b] VN=(PCO2-B')·D·(1+R0·exp (-k·PO2)) +VB'.The CO2-response slope in hyperoxia, D, of the Ama (1.820±0.441 liters·min-1·Torr-1) was slightly higher than that of the control (1.148±0.586 liters·min-1·Torr-1), but the difference was not significant. However, the slope of CO2-response in hypoxia at PETO2=44 Torr, S44, was almost the same in the two groups (Ama, 1.822±0.689 liters·min-1·Torr-1; control, 1.742±0.902 liters·min-1·Torr-1). The ratio of S44 to D was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the Ama (1.039±0.377) than in the control (1.529±0.249). Comparing the hypoxic response in terms of the ventilation ratio (VR), the elevation of ventilation with augmentation of hypoxia in the Ama was exceeded by that in the control.Thus, it was suggested that the difference in the ventilatory response to hypoxia between the Ama (Kachido) and the control may have been derived from the respiratory adaptation of the Ama (Kachido) acquired by their daily diving activities.

著者

本田 良行 林 文明 吉田 明夫 升田 吉雄 佐々木 健

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.181-186, 1981 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

3 5

---

Relative contributions of chemical and non-chemical respiratory stimulations to breath-holding time (BHT) were examined in assisted (Funado) and unassisted (Kachido) breath-hold divers (Ama). In the Funado the magnitude of the chemical contribution was reduced, though statistically not significant. On the other hand, in the Kachido no difference in chemical contribution was seen from the control. This was considered to be due to the fact that ventilatory response to CO2 was reduced in the Funado, but not in the Kachido. Despite the decreased contribution of CO2 drive to BHT, absolute BHT in the Funado was not prolonged. This may be related to sensitization of the respiratory centers to non-chemical stimulation. Such adaptation would be effective for preventing the danger of losing consciousness in the Funado who face extreme hypoxia on returning to the surface from a dive.

著者

Yasuhiko Kondo Yasuo Sakuma

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.0601160021, (Released:2006-01-17)

被引用文献数

19 29

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Partner preference and paced mating tests were accomplished in ovariectomized female rats following bilateral radiofrequency lesions in the medial amygdala. Open field behavior and passive avoidance learning were also examined to investigate the underlying behavioral mechanism. Partner preference was determined in a chamber located between castrated and sexually active males. Airborne olfactory cues were presented to the female through small holes on the partition. The lesion diminished preference for the odor of sexually active males over that of castrated males, even after injection with high-dose of estrogen. On the other hand, in a paced mating test, the lesioned females without estrogen treatment showed a significantly shorter latency for entering the male's compartment in a two-compartment apparatus, which allowed the females, but not the males, to cross the barrier through a narrow opening at the bottom. However, administration of estrogen and progesterone reduced the effect. The lesion had no effect on emotionality or exploratory behavior in an open field test, but impaired passive avoidance learning capability. We suggest that a male poses an inherent threat to a female. The seemingly incompatible results of partner preference and paced mating tests can be compromised if the male is inherently aversive to the female; this emotional response can be removed by the medial amygdala lesion.

著者

能勢 博 森本 武利 小椋 香苗

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.6, pp.1019-1029, 1983 (Released:2006-07-28)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

31 49

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Dehydration amounting to about 10% of body weight was induced in adult male rats by exposure to a hot, dry environment (D.B.T., 36°C; R.H., 20%) over 6 to 8hr. The volumes of total water (TW), extracellular fluid (ECF), and plasma (PV) were determined both on individual tissues and on the whole body using the constant dry weight as well as 51Cr-EDTA and 125I-RIHSA dilution methods. Total body water (TBW), intracellular (ICF), and interstitial (ISF) fluid volumes were calculated from these data.The 10% loss of body weight caused a decrease in TBW by 17% from the control value; 41% of this loss was from ICF, 47% from ISF, and 12% from PV. The decrease of ISF was proportional to that of PV and the water loss from ICF was caused by an increase in plasma osmolality. As to the water loss from organs, 40% of the whole body water loss came from muscle, 30% from skin, 14% from bone, and 14% from viscera. The G.I. tract had the highest tendency to lose water while the brain and liver showed the least.These findings suggest that under heat-induced dehydration, both the extra- and intracellular fluid compartments of muscle and skin play an important role in the compensation of water loss and in the maintenance of circulation to the brain and liver.

著者

Tsuji Tsuyoshi Ohga Yoshimi Yoshikawa Yoshiro SAKATA Susumu KOHZUKI Hisaharu MISAWA Hiromi ABE Takehisa TABAYASHI Nobuoki KOBAYASHI Shuichi KITAMURA Soichiro TANIGUCHI Shigeki SUGA Hiroyuki TAKAKI Miyako

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生理学会

雑誌

The Japanese journal of physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.6, pp.513-520, 1999-12-01

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

7 23

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We have already reported the linear oxygen consumption per beat (Vo₂)&ndash;systolic pressure-volume area (PVA) relation from the curved left ventricular (LV) end-systolic pressure&ndash;volume relation (ESPVR) in the cross-circulated rat heart. The Vo₂ intercept (PVA-independent Vo₂) is primarily composed of Vo₂ for Ca²⁺ handling in excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling and basal metabolism. The aim of the present study was to obtain the oxygen cost of LV contractility that indicates Vo₂ for Ca²⁺ handling in E-C coupling per unit LV contractility change in the rat heart. Oxygen cost of LV contractility is obtainable as a slope of a linear relation between PVA-independent Vo₂ and LV contractility. We obtained a composite Vo₂&ndash;PVA relation line at a mid-range LV volume (mLVV) under gradually enhanced LV contractility by stepwise increased Ca²⁺ infusion and thus the gradually increased PVA-independent Vo₂ values. As a LV contractility index, we could not use E_max (ESP-V ratio; ESP/ESV) for the linear ESPVR because of the curved ESPVR in the rat LV. A PVA at a mLVV (PVA_mLVV) has been proposed as a good index for assessing rat LV mechanoenergetics. Since the experimentally obtained PVA_mLVV was not triangular due to the curved ESPVR, we propose an equivalent ESP-V ratio at a mLVV, (eESP/ESV)_mLVV, as a LV contractility index. This index was calculated as an ESP-V ratio of the specific virtual triangular PVA_mLVV that is energetically equivalent to the real PVA_mLVV. The present approach enabled us to obtain a linear relation between PVA-independent Vo₂ and (eESP/ESV)_mLVV and the oxygen cost of LV contractility as the slope of this relation.<br>

著者

Nomura Takeshi Kawano Fuminori Kang Myung Sun Lee Jun Hak Han Eun Young Kim Chang Keun Sato Yuzo Ohira Yoshinobu

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生理学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.85-93, 2002

被引用文献数

9

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The effects of 20-week cold exposure on contractile properties of soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles and plasma hormone levels were studied in rats. Twenty male Wistar rats (5 week old) were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 10 each): cage-control and cold-exposed. The rats in the cold-exposed group were immersed in shoulder-deep water (~18&deg;C) for 1 h/d, 5 d/week, for 20 weeks. The temperature and humidity of the animal room with 12:12 h light-dark cycle were maintained at ~23&deg;C and 55%, respectively. The rats were pair-fed powdered diets. The electromyogram activities in soleus and EDL were elevated by cold exposure. The body weight and absolute soleus wet weight of the cold-exposed group were significantly less than controls at the end of experiment. The one-half relaxation time and contraction time of EDL were significantly longer in the cold-exposed group than in the control group. The rate of twitch tension development, normalized by the maximum twitch tension, in EDL of the cold-exposed group was less than in the control group. Further, the fatigue resistance of EDL, but not of soleus, in response to train stimulation at 10 Hz was improved by cold exposure. The plasma levels of thyroid hormones, 3,5,3&prime;-triiodothyronine and thyroxine, were significantly greater in cold-exposed group. Similar changes were also seen in the plasma catecholamine levels in the cold-exposed group (p > 0.05). It is suggested that long-term cold exposure causes a shift of the contractile properties of fast-twitch EDL muscle toward the slow-twitch type. The results also indicated that the characteristics of muscles responded more strongly to an increased activity level than to the elevation of plasma hormones.<br>

著者

SHUNZO TAKAGI MASAYUKI TAGAWA

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.122-130, 1955 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

3 4

---

The direction of winding and the regularities in form and arrangement of the intraepidermal portion of the eccrine sweat ducts were studied in horizontal skin slices.Right-handed spirals definitely prevailed over left-handed and deformed. spirals in the sweat ducts in the skin on the pad of fingers and toes of 28 Japa-nese and 3 whites regardless of sex and side of the body. The predominance of right-handed spirals was shown to hold in the other regions of the palmar and plantar skin and, though to a lesser extent, in the general body skin.The sweat ducts in the skin on the volar surface of the hand and foot were in the form of fairly regular cylindrical spirals. In a small area of the skin, their girth and pitch were fairly constant and their axes were nearly parallel to each other and, therefore, inclined toward the skin surface with an approximately uniform angle. The sweat ducts in the eponychium were shaped like straightened spirals, wound oftener right-handedly.

著者

Norio AKAIKE Nobutoshi HARATA

出版者

日本生理学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.5, pp.433-473, 1994 (Released:2004-06-19)

被引用文献数

168 261

著者

Imran Ahmad QURESHI

出版者

日本生理学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.561-569, 1995 (Released:2004-06-19)

被引用文献数

15 38 53

著者

Ichiji TASAKI

出版者

日本生理学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.125-138, 1999 (Released:2004-06-22)

被引用文献数

41 79

著者

Alejandro Lucía Alfredo Carvajal Margarita Pérez Araceli Boraita Luis Serratosa José L. Chicharro

出版者

日本生理学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.155-158, 2000 (Released:2004-06-22)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 4

---

We analyzed the kinetics of heart rate (HR) response during incremental treadmill exercise in thirteen master runners (62 ± 1 yr). The HR/running speed (HR/S) relationship showed the existence of a point of downward deflection (HRd) in only ~31% of the subjects. Resting echocardiographic evaluations showed similar heart dimensions in all of the subjects. In conclusion, HR does not seem to show a curvilinear response (downward deflection) in most aged athletes.

著者

Kimura Shingo Kawasaki Satoshi Takashima Koichiro SASAKI Kazuhiko

出版者

Physiological Society of Japan

雑誌

The Japanese journal of physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.4, pp.511-521, 2001-08

被引用文献数

4

著者

Kyoh-Ichi TAKAHASHI Shun-ichiro MIYOSHI Akimichi KANEKO David R. COPENHAGEN

出版者

日本生理学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.3, pp.457-473, 1995 (Released:2004-06-22)

被引用文献数

16 27