著者

吉村 寿人 飯田 敏行

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.177-185, 1951 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

24 32

---

Factors governing individual differences of temperature reaction to cold found by Lewis were studied by estimating reaction index devised in the first part of this study. Main results obtained are as follows:1. The reaction was found even a few days after birth and developed rapidly with lapse of days. The high reactivity in childhood was lessened in puberty and again it rose in young adult, after which it decreased gradually with the progress of age.2. A female adult seemed to show a little lower reactivity than a male.3. Native countries and racial specificity were proved to have an intimate relation with the reactivity, and a main factor of the influences was deduced to be the effect of training to cold.4. The Orochons were found to have the highest reactivity among all nations in Manchuria, and thus protecting themselves from frost-bite, adapted to their nomadic life in a cold country. The reactivity of Japanese adults recently came to Manchuria was the lowest of all the natives, while that of Japanese children was about the same with those of the native (the Mongols and the Chinese) children.5. A validity of training effect reported by Takahashi was ascertained, and it was proved that the effect was more remarkable on the youth than on the adult.6. Subjects of low reactivity were proved to show frequently high sympathetic tonus. Thus the tonus of autonomic nervous system had an intimate bearing with the reactivity.7. Main internal factors causing individual differences of the reaction were presumed to be differences of the following three: the morphological constitution, especially of blood vessels, the nervous control (activities) and other physiological properties of the skin. The experimental results mentioned above were explained from this point of view.

著者

Shu-Ming Chen Cheng-Deng Kuo Low-Tone Ho Jyh-Fei Liao

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.4, pp.211-219, 2005 (Released:2006-01-28)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

8 8

---

Both hypothyroid (Hypo) and hypozincemia are commonly observed in patients and animals with chronic renal failure (CRF). In CRF whether the hypothyroid plays a role in the pathogenesis of hypozincemia is unclear. This study is designed to investigate the effects of hypothyroid on intestinal zinc absorption and urinary zinc excretion in 5/6 nephrectomized (Nx) rats, because plasma zinc balance is attained through a controlled rate of intestinal uptake as well as renal reabsorption. Intestinal zinc absorption was carried out in jejunum and ileum segments by an in vivo perfusion technique and the renal zinc disposal was evaluated by a conventional method using a standard formula to calculate the zinc tubular reabsorption and the excretion of urinary zinc in 5/6 Nx rats with hypothyroidism. The Hypo-NxT rats showed a significant decrease in the rate of intestinal zinc absorption and in the response of plasma zinc levels during intestinal zinc perfusion compared with Eu-NxT rats. They also had significantly lower levels of mucosal zinc and MT as well as lower content of liver zinc than Eu-NxT rats after intestinal zinc perfusion for 80 min. Hypo-NxT rats showed low plasma zinc levels, but had a similar output of pancreaticobiliary zinc and excretion of 24-h urine zinc compared with the Eu-NxT rats. When 2% alcohol intestinal perfusion was used to produce water diuresis, the Hypo-NxT rats presented a higher excretion of urinary zinc than the Eu-NxT rats did, especially during 2% alcohol intestinal zinc perfusion. In the Hypo-NxT rats, the lower plasma zinc levels may thus result from the hypothyroid because it reduces intestinal zinc absorption. Increasing the urine flow rate may aggravate the reduction of plasma zinc level in Hypo-NxT rats because of the increased excretion of urinary zinc.

著者

Jürgen ASCHOFF Ursula GERECKE Rütger WEVER

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.450-457, 1967-08-15 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

109 173

---

Fifty human sub jects have been kept in an underground bunker in conditions of continuous illumination, each in complete isolation and without any time-telling device. Rectal temperature was recorded continuously by means of an electric thermometer, and urine samples, collected in intervals of the subjects own choice, were analyzed for excretion of water, sodium, calcium and potassium. Several systems of electric contacts served to survey the subjects general activities. All subjects showed free-running circadian rhythms, the average periods of wakefulness and sleep ranging from 23.9 to 50.0 hours. 36 subjects remained internally synchronized during the whole experiment. In 5 cases, the rhythm of activity and the rhythms of vegetative functions were synchronized in a 1: 2-ratio for parts of the experiment. 9 subjects showed different circadian frequencies in activity and in body temperature; in two of these subjects, desynchronization started immediately after being enclosed in the bunker, in the remaining 7 subjects after 9 to 23 days of confinement.

著者

Alejandro Lucía Jesús Hoyos Javier Pardo José L. Chicharro

出版者

日本生理学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.381-388, 2000 (Released:2004-06-22)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

32 62

---

The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyze the changes in several metabolic and neuromuscular variables in response to endurance training during three defined periods of a full sports season (rest, precompetition and competition). The study population was formed by thirteen professional cyclists (age ± SEM: 24 ± 1 years; mean V(dot)o2 max ~74 ml·kg−1·min−1). In each testing session, subjects performed a ramp test until exhaustion on a cycle ergometer (workload increases of 25 W·min−1). The following variables were recorded every 100 W until the tests: oxygen consumption (V˙O2 in l·min−1), respiratory exchange ratio (RER in V(dot)co2·V˙O2−1) and blood lactate, pH and bicarbonate concentration [HCO3−]. Surface electromyography (EMG) recordings were also obtained from the vastus lateralis to determine the variables: root mean square voltage (rms-EMG) and mean power frequency (MPF). RER and lactate values both showed a decrease (p < 0.05) throughout the season at exercise intensities corresponding to submaximal workloads. In contrast, no significant differences were found in mean pH or [HCO3−]. Finally, rms-EMG tended to increase during the season, with significant differences (p < 0.05) observed mainly between the competition and rest periods at most workloads. In contrast, precompetition MPF values increased (p < 0.05) with respect to resting values at most submaximal workloads but fell (p < 0.05) during the competition period. Our findings suggest that endurance conditioning induces the following general adaptations in elite athletes: (1) lower circulating lactate and increased reliance on aerobic metabolism at a given submaximal intensity, and possibly (2) an enhanced recruitment of motor units in active muscles, as suggested by rms-EMG data.

著者

緒方 維弘 那須 典完 原田 一寿 鴨田 正治

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.303-309, 1951 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

2 3

---

In spite of the common knowledge among physicians that the daily intake of as much as 30g. of sodium chloride will bring about disorders of various functions of the body to a considerable degree, the actual fact that the inhabit ants in North Manchuria take 40 g. or more every day during the winter months without any disorders in the body functions leads us to further study of the effect and significance of sodium chloride ingestion.1) Daily intake of sodium chloride amounting to 50-60 g. by adding 10 g. to each meal causes a gradual rise in basal metabolism, good appetite, and energetic feeling of the body after several days. In this stage of high metabolic rate due to increased salt ingestion, both a rise in the oxygen consumption and a drop in the surface temperatures during exposure to cold are less in degree and the subject complains less than normal subjects. It is also proved that the temperature reaction of skin vessels to cold in the middle finger of a human subject as well as in the ear-lobe of a rabbit is intense enough to offer resistance to frost-bite.2) When the increased salt formula is continued beyond this favourable stage, the displeasing symptoms known to all which are due to deposit of the excess salt manifest themselves before long.3) Generally speaking, a rise in the body functions seems to be accompanied not with an increased amount of exchange but with the amount of sodium chloride held in the body, and there exists a marked seasonal difference in the ability of salt metabolism: the maximum amount which can be retained without any symptoms of excess is far greater during the period in late autumn and winter than during the rest of the year, and the body can take more salt during the winter months and can discharge more in urine in summer than during the rest of the year.

著者

吉村 寿人 飯田 敏行

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.147-159, 1950 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

29 29

---

1. There were found marked individual differences in the vascular reaction to cold reported by Lewis which protects the temperature fall of fingers or toes in severe cold. The difference should be an essential factor in constitutional difference of resistance against frost damage.2. A method was devised to determine the temperature reaction to cold by dipping the middle finger of the subject in ice water for 30 minutes, and measuring its skin temperature, and to compare the reactivity of the subject with one another by evaluating the so-called. “resistance index of frost bite” from the temperature curve thus determined. The method was called “a point test of the resistance against frost bite”.3. The resistance index estimated by the method was fairly reproducible, as far as the experimental conditions were constant. When measuring repeated attempts should, however, be avoided unless after several hours, and to have such living conditions before and during the measurement that do not cause changes in the thermoregulatory function.4. A marked seasonal change was found in the temperature reaction of one and the same subject, which increased in summer, and decreased in winter. The change was found to be mainly due to the change of room temperature. Even at the same room temperature, however, the reaction differed a little in summer and winter, i. e. is accelerated in the former when compared with the latter. The difference is probably due to an acclimatization of the vasomotor centre, in which the tonus changes to dilation of the skin vessels of extremities in summer, and constriction in winter.5. Influences of environmental temperature were examined in detail and it was found that the reactivity was accelerated by rise in room temperature in proportion with the magnitude of the reactivity itself. This fact can be explained by the fact that the reactivity of vessels is controlled by the tonus of the vasomotor, especially of the vasodilator, which changes with the environmental temperature.6. Effects of humidity on the temperature reaction was proved to exist, but not so marked as those of room temperature.7. Making use of the above experimental results, a method was devised to eliminate the errors in the temperature reaction due to the change of room temperature, and to evaluate the resistance index at the standard temperature of 20°C. from measurements at other temperatures. It was found that 81%-94% of values thus corrected coincided with those actually measured at 20°C. withinthe scope of experimental error, when the room temperature was between 15C°C. to 25°C.

著者

登倉 尋実 原 文江 岡田 守彦 目方 文夫 大沢 済

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.147-152, 1975 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

10 11

---

Thermoregulatory responses in four male adult Japanese macaques and four male adult crab-eating macaques, weighing 6-12kg and 6.2-8kg, respectively, were compared at ambient temperatures (Ta) ranging from 5° to 25°. The average values±S. E. for some physiological measurements made at Ta of 25° in the Japanese macaque and the crab-eating macaque, respectively, were as follows: resting metabolic rate; 47.6±5.0 and 42.5±1.7W/M2; tissue conductance; 11.9±0.8 and 8.9±0.8W/M2/°; respiratory evaporative heat loss; 4.1±0.3 and 3.2±0.5W/M2; rectal temperature; 38.6±0.1 and 37.4±0.2°; mean skin temperature; 34.0±0.3 and 31.2±0.1°. When Ta was lowered stepwise from 25° to 20, 15, 10, and 5° successively, and maintained constant at each temperature level for 1 hr, metabolic heat production gradually increased in both species. When Ta was lowered from 10° to 5°, the crab-eating macaque did not show further increase in heat production and the result was a loss of thermal equilibrium with rectal temperature continuing to fall. On the other hand, the Japanese macaque maintained thermal balance even at Ta of 5°. Tissue conductance, which was significantly higher in the Japanese macaque than in the crab-eating macaque at Ta of 5, 15, and 25°, decreased in both species as Ta was lowered from 25° to 15 and 5°. The specific differences in thermoregulatory responses are considered to be adaptational, relative to the natural habitat of the two species studied. Received

著者

大桑 哲男 宮村 実晴

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.3, pp.553-556, 1984 (Released:2006-07-28)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

3 4

---

Peak blood lactate following 400m sprinting was determined in 8 sprinters and 8 long-distance runners. The mean velocity of 400m run and peak blood lactate were significantly higher in the sprinters than in the long-distance runners. It was suggested that peak blood lactate may be a useful indication of anaerobic work capacity in long-distance runners, but not in sprinters.

著者

Akihiro KUROSHIMA Masashi KURAHASHI Katsuhiko DOI Tomie OHNO Ikuko FUJITA

出版者

PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.3, pp.277-292, 1974 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

9 14

---

Effects of cold adaptation and high-fat diet on the metabolic responses as well as cold resistance to acute cold exposure were investigated in rats with emphasis on elucidating the mechanism underlying the favorable effect of high-fat diet in a cold environment previously reported.An increment in body weight was greater in rats on a high-fat diet and smaller in cold-adapted rats than in control rats. However, food intake was significantly greater in cold-adapted rats. Daily urine volume and urinary nitrogen excretion increased in cold-adapted rats, but did not change in rats on a high-fat diet. The high-fat diet caused higher bloodfree fatty acid (FFA) and ketone body concentrations, and lower urinary excretion of ketone bodies. Urinary vanilmandelic acid excretion was significantly elevated in cold-adapted rats, while it was lower in rats fed a high-fat diet as compared with that in control rats. This result suggests an increased sympathetic activity in cold-adapted rats and a rather suppressed activity in rats on a high-fat diet.The fall in the colonic temperature due to cold exposure for the period of time up to four hours was significantly less in cold-adapted rats, but did not differ in animals fed a high-fat diet from that in control rats. This result signifies that there is no significant difference in cold resistance between control rats and rats on a high-fat diet. Blood FFA level as well as blood ketone body level was significantly raised in all experimental groups in response to cold exposure. It was observed, however, that an increment in blood FFA concentration was less in cold-adapted rats. The degree of increase in blood FFA became greater with length of exposure to the cold. Blood glucose concentration was significantly elevated in cold-adapted rats after an eighty minutes exposure to the cold, but did not vary in control rats and rats on a high-fat diet. Four hours after the cold exposure the blood glucose level was significantly decreased in all groups as compared with that at 25°C.There was a significant correlation between the blood FFA and ketone body concentrations on the whole data before and after cold exposure in all groups. Regression coefficient between blood compositions was significantly greater in rats fed a high-fat diet than in control and coldadapted rats. It was also shown that there was an inverse correlation between the blood glucose and FFA levels after cold exposure. Furthermore, lessened falling of colonic temperature due to cold exposure was significantly associated with less variations in the blood FFA and glucose levels concomitantly determined in control and cold-adapted rats and this tendency was strongly documented in cold-adapted rats.The present results indicate that the prolonged cold exposure increases the cold resistance to acute cold exposure, while the high-fat diet feeding may not be necessarily favorable to the cold resistance, although a high-fat diet causes certain metabolic changes, suggesting a favorable effect to some extent.

著者

Yudai Takarada Tomomi Tsuruta Naokata Ishii

出版者

日本生理学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.6, pp.585-592, 2004 (Released:2005-03-12)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

56 120

---

To obtain insight into the relative contributions of exercise and occlusive stimuli to these muscular adaptations, the present study investigated the short- and long-term effects of varied combinations of low- intensity exercise and vascular occlusion. The subjects were separated into 3 groups (n = 6 for each group): low- intensity with vascular occlusion (LIO), low-intensity without vascular occlusion (LI), and vascular occlusion without exercise (VO). LIO and LI groups performed bilateral knee extension exercises in seated positions with an isotonic extension machine. In the LIO group, both sides of the thigh were pressure-occluded at the proximal end by means of a tourniquet during the entire session of exercise (˜10 min), whereas only the occlusion with the same pressure and duration was given in the VO group. The mean occlusion pressure was 218 ± 8.1 mmHg (mean ± SE). The exercise session consisted of five sets of exercise at an intensity of 10-20% 1RM and was performed twice a week for 8 wk. After the period of exercise training, isometric and isokinetic strengths at all velocities examined increased significantly in the LIO group (p < 0.05), whereas no significant change in strength was seen in the LI and VO groups. The increase in muscular strength in LIO was associated with a significant increase in the cross-sectional area of knee extensor muscles by 10.3 ± 1.6%. The plasma growth hormone concentration measured 15 min after the session of exercise showed a marked increase only in LIO. The results showed that the low-intensity exercise and occlusive stimuli have cooperative effects in the long-term adaptation of muscle and an acute response to growth hormone.

著者

Yoshifumi YASUDA Tomonori ITOH Miharu MIYAMURA Hitoo NISHINO

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.5, pp.465-470, 1997 (Released:2004-06-22)

被引用文献数

7 10

著者

小川 徳雄 朝山 正巳 伊藤 路子 吉田 勝志

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.6, pp.805-816, 1979 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

24 29

---

It has been demonstrated by Takagi and his colleagues that pressure on a specified area of the body surface causes depression of sweating in a certain body division and changes in the relative sweat rates between body divisions. Furthermore, skin pressure has been assumed to suppress the central thermoregulatory activity, thus bringing about a rise or fall in body temperature in a hot or cool environment, respectively. We examined the effect of skin pressure applied to the bilateral subaxillary regions on body heat balance by means of continuous recordings of evaporative weight loss (total sweat rate), local sweat rates at various areas and rectal and skin temperatures and measurements of metabolic rate. Most experiments were carried out at a room temperature of 36°C with 40%rh and a few were done at 27°C in the absence of thermal sweating. Various strengths of pressure up to 5kg/50cm2 were employed. It was observed that the total sweat rate was either unchanged, decreased or occasionally even increased. There was an apparent tendency that the stronger the pressure was, the more depressed was the total sweating. A weaker pressure, on the other hand, often caused facilitation of total sweating. Changes in rectal and mean body temperatures and in metabolic rate were minimal in the majority of cases, and bore no relationship to the changes in the total sweat rate. These results offer no evidence that skin pressure of up to 5kg/50cm2affects human central thermoregulatory activity but suggest that it may exert a sweat-inhibitory effect, primarily through the interaction of sudomotor impulses somewhere along the efferent pathways, possibly at the spinal segmental level.

著者

Takao KUMAZAWA

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.1-14, 1990 (Released:2004-06-18)

被引用文献数

24 29

著者

石間 祥生 湯本 勝人

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.109-122, 1975 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1 1

---

Giant axons of crayfish were excitable in sodium-free external media containing hydrazinium, hydroxylamine, or guanidinium ions. Action potentials in these solutions were slightly smaller in size and a little longer in duration than those in standard Harreveld's solution. The resting potential was not affected in hydrazine or in hydroxylamine saline, but decreased in guanidine saline. The membrane potential at the peak of the spike (V) was plotted against the univalent cation concentrations in the external medium. The relationship could be expressed by an equation: V=V0+(RT/F) ln ([Na]+α[C]), where V0 and α are constants and [Na] and [C] are concentrations of sodium ions and the tested cations, respectively. The parameter α was considered as an indicator to express the ability of substitution of the cation for sodium ion. The order of the ability of the substitution was: Hydroxylamine>Hydrazinium>Guanidinium>Choline.

著者

Ichiji TASAKI Kunihiko IWASA Robert C. GIBBONS

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.6, pp.897-905, 1980 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

25 39

---

A nerve impulse travelling along a crustacean nerve was found to be accompanied by a small, rapid movement of the nerve surface.The movement was 10-20nm in amplitude and was concurrent with a rise in the “swelling pressure” of the order of 5mg/cm2 for a nerve bundle.Initiation of an action potential at the site of cathodal polarization was preceded by a small, slow mechanical change in the nerve fiber.Anodal polarization produced a large mechanical change of the opposite sign.Tetrodotoxin and procaine suppressed rapid mechanical changes.

著者

福田 篤郎 秋山 節子

出版者

一般社団法人 日本生理学会

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.5, pp.486-491, 1963

被引用文献数

3

---

The resistance against endotoxin intoxication in endotoxin-tolerant rabbits was found to outlast far the ordinary &ldquo;tolerance&rdquo; in relation to the &ldquo;macromolecular hematic syndrome&rdquo; in which the clearing of endotoxin by the reticuloendothelial system might play a dominant role. The most characteristic in the tolerant state in relation to the resistance against the lethal effect of endotoxin was the lessening of the liver glycogen depletion after massive dose of endotoxin. That this might be due to the stability of liver metabolism was also suggested by the reduced metabolic response to thyroid in the tolerant state. The creatinuria induced by non-toxic dose of thyroid was found to be inhibited in the tolerant state.

著者

伊東 盛夫 有田 真 佐伯 和之 田上 三雄 福島 勇 矢永 尚士 真柴 裕人

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.174-189, 1967-04-15 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

39 46

---

The sequence of spread of sinus node impulse to the venae cavae and the mechanisms of delay at the sinocaval junctional areas were studied with the microelectrode methods.The impulse from the pacemaker located in the sinus node spreads slowly in the nodal tissues (1-10cm/sec) and excites the crista terminalis. Spread is rapid in the crista (50-120cm/sec). Then the impulse spreads from theupper and lower ends of the crista through the sinocaval junctional areas (SC areas) to the right and left superior venae cavae. Conduction velocity is decreased in the SC areas (10-25cm/sec) and again increased in the superior venae cavae (40-80cm/sec). In the inferior vena cava, the conduction of impulse is always completely blocked in the vicinty of the ostium.The features of superior vena caval action potentials are closely similar to those of cardiac action potentials, showing the constant diastolic level, the rapid upstroke, the high amplitude, the clear plateau and the rapid conduction.The fibers in the SC areas apparently show a transitional stage from the nodal fibers to the superior vena caval fibers. The action potentials of the SC areas are intermediate in the amplitude and rate of rise between those of sinus nodal and superior vena caval action potentials, and often reveal a step on the upstroke. The activation of right atrium at high rate produced a delay and block localized to the SC areas. The action potentials of the SC areas show three different types of changes associated with the increased atrial rate: I) the decrease in the amplitude and rate of rise, II) the separation into two discrete spikes and III) the widening of the step-like prepotential.Several evidences were presented which suggest that the SC areas are the latent pacemakers.

著者

岸 恭一 力丸 共子 松本 善子 志塚 ふじ子 井上 五郎

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.6, pp.959-970, 1982 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

6 6

---

Voluntary intake of proteins of various qualities in relation to dietary protein utilization was investigated in growing and adult rats. The rats were given two diets, one containing high protein and the other no protein, and were allowed to self-select protein and energy intakes freely from both diets. The results showed that total food intake (protein diet plus protein-free diet) and body weight gain were similar among five proteins tested. However, the amount of protein consumed by the growing rats per 100 g of total food intake (i.e., dietary protein level) was different depending upon the protein qualities, that is, wheat gluten (WG) 44 g, casein (CA) 30 g, soy protein (SP) 21 g, lactalbumin (LA) 19 g, and amino acid mixture simulating egg protein (AA) 11 g. Net protein utilization (NPU), estimated as the proportion of protein intake that is retained in the body, was as follows: WG, 20%; CA, 33%; SP, 44%; LA, 50%; and AA, 74%. From the above figures, net dietary protein value, which is a measure of utilizable protein in the diet, was calculated by multiplying the dietary protein level by NPU. In contrast to the difference in protein intake, net dietary protein value was quite constant in spite of large differences in the dietary protein quality, being 8 to 10%. A similar relationship between protein intake and protein utilization was obtained also with adult rats, except that the net dietary protein value was smaller in adult rats than in growing rats. These results may suggest that the animals can regulate the intake of dietary protein to keep the amount of protein available for the body constant.

著者

Miharu Miyamura Kinya Nishimura Koji Ishida Keisho Katayama Midori Shimaoka Shuichi Hiruta

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.313-316, 2002 (Released:2004-06-19)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

16 25

---

The ventilatory response to hypercapnia and arterial blood gases during ujjai respiration of once per minute for an hour were determined in a professional hatha yogi. The results suggest that lower chemosensitivity to hypercapnia in yoga practitioners may be due to an adaptation to low arterial pH and high PaCO2 for long periods.

著者

森谷 潔 伊藤 真次

出版者

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

雑誌

The Japanese Journal of Physiology (ISSN:0021521X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.6, pp.775-790, 1969 (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

11 13

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Fatty acid composition of brown, as well as white, fat of the rat wasanalyzed. Oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids accounted for more than 80 per-cent of the total fatty acids in brown fat. The proportion of linoleic acidwas markedly higher and that of palmitic acid considerably less in the brownfat of female rats than in that of male rats. Although differences weresmall, palmitoleic, myristic and lauric acids were less in female brown fat.In white fat the sex differences were small. Total saturated fatty acids weresignificantly less in the males than in the females in both brown and whiteadipose tissues. The sex differences observed in normal rats disappeared 2weeks after gonadectomy.In brown fat of rats exposed to cold, oleic acid decreased progressively, while linoleic acid and to, a less extent, stearic acid increased. The propor-tion of palmitic acid was reduced 24 hours and 1 week after the cold andpalmitoleic acid progressively in the cold. The percentage of total satu-rated fatty acids decreased 24 hours after the cold, but tended to increase thereafter.Changes in the fatty acid composition of white fat of rats exposed tocold were small. The only acid to show a significant decrease was palmiticacid.Starvation for 5 days induced a relative decrease of palmitic acid andan increase in stearic acid in both brown and white adipose tissues. A decrease in myristic acid was observed only in brown fat and there was anincrease in linoleic and linolenic acids in white fat. In both adipose tissuestotal saturated fatty acids decreased significantly, but the changes weremore pronounced in white fat.