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1 0 0 0 OA 社会運動のレパートリーと公共性の複数化の関係 : 「社会運動社会」の考察を通して

著者: 安藤丈将
出版者: 東京大学大学院総合文化研究科国際社会科学専攻
雑誌: 相関社会科学 (ISSN:09159312)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.22, pp.3-21, 2013-03-01

Recent studies on “publicity” stress that multiple ideas and values must be integrated into public spheres from the view of normative political theory. In discussing publicity, this article focuses on repertoires in social movements, that is, modes of expressing their ideas and values. Although social movements have been regarded as political actors who works for democracy, few social movement scholars have discussed the roles of their repertoires in opening public spheres to voices of marginalised people. This article thus argues about the relationship between diversified repertoires and publicity. I, first of all, explore how “institutionalisation” of social movements, a conventional repertoire, leads to incorporate multiple ideas and values into public spheres. While institutionalisation helps social movement organisations to increase their influence on decision makings of powerful political actors, such as corporations and governments, it also enhances accountability within the organisations and democratises the organisational structure of the movements. Next, I move to arguing about the roles of “protests”, a confrontational repertoire, in diversifying publicity. This repertoire contributes to making values and ideas which are difficult to be institutionalised visible in public spheres. In discussing two different repertoires, I emphasise that these repertoires do not always lead to diversifying public spheres. While voices of marginalised people can be ignored and excluded in institutionalisation of social movements, protests have a risk in being viewed as violent actions and isolating activists from the public. This article concludes that different repertoires operate effectively in diversifying publicity when they are mutually complemented.

2020-02-24 20:43:00
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1 0 0 0 IR 社会運動のレパートリーと公共性の複数化の関係 : 「社会運動社会」の考察を通して

著者: 安藤丈将
出版者: 東京大学大学院総合文化研究科国際社会科学専攻
雑誌: 相関社会科学 (ISSN:09159312)
巻号頁・発行日: no.22, pp.3-21, 2012

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2020-02-23 02:50:40
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1 0 0 0 OA 実験報告の修辞学 : 19世紀後半の心霊研究と「裁判のレトリック」

著者: 松村一志
出版者: 東京大学大学院総合文化研究科国際社会科学専攻
雑誌: 相関社会科学 = Komaba Studies in Society (ISSN:09159312)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.28, pp.3-16, 2019-03-01

In this paper, I examine the transformation of rhetorical strategies in experimental reports in the late nineteenth century. Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer’s canonical work Leviathan and the Air-Pump (1985) has demonstrated that early experimental scientists such as Robert Boyle had to adopt the “rhetoric of trial,” a lost literary technique with which experimental reports were compared to testimony in court, due to the lower status assigned to observation and experiments. While subsequent researchers have analyzed how this sort of rhetoric was used in the seventeenth century, the era of “scientific revolution,” few have focused on the rise and fall of the“ rhetoric of trial” afterward. In response, I try to show when and how this rhetoric disappeared. For this purpose, I focus on a branch of experimental science called psychical research. Though psychical research is now seen to be a typical example of pseudoscience, it attracted many famous scientists in the fin de siècle, inspiring huge debates on the reliability of experimental reports. Psychical researchers frequently used the “rhetoric of trial” to justify their reports. However, this rhetoric began to lose its persuasiveness with the rise of experimental psychology and statistical testing. From this episode, I reconsider the origin of current norms in scientific experiments such as reproducibility.