著者

Chihiro MORI Kazuhiro WADA

出版者

公益社団法人 日本実験動物学会

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.15-0008, (Released:2015-04-24)

被引用文献数

8

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Like humans, songbirds are one of the few animal groups that learn vocalization. Vocal learning requires coordination of auditory input and vocal output using auditory feedback to guide one’s own vocalizations during a specific developmental stage known as the critical period. Songbirds are good animal models for understand the neural basis of vocal learning, a complex form of imitation, because they have many parallels to humans with regard to the features of vocal behavior and neural circuits dedicated to vocal learning. In this review, we will summarize the behavioral, neural, and genetic traits of birdsong. We will also discuss how studies of birdsong can help us understand how the development of neural circuits for vocal learning and production is driven by sensory input (auditory information) and motor output (vocalization).

著者

Masashi HASHIMOTO Masayuki FUNABA Seinosuke OHSHIMA Matanobu ABE

出版者

公益社団法人 日本実験動物学会

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.23-28, 1995 (Released:2003-12-23)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

3 5

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This study was conducted to examine the relationship between dietary nitrogen (N)-corrected metabolizable energy (MEn) and dietary digestible energy (DE) in cats, in order to verify the reliability of the present metabolizable energy (ME) system for cats. Four adult female cats were fed diets containing four different levels of crude protein (CP) (24, 35, 49, and 62% as fed) 4 hours a day in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to determine energy-and N-balance. Dietary CP levels had hardly any effect on daily food intake, but acid-ether extract (AEE) intake tended to increase and carbohydrate (CHO) intake tended to decrease, in response to increases in dietary CP levels. Apparent CP and AEE digestibility did not change, regardless of the experimental diet. In contrast, CHO digestibility tended to diminish as dietary CP levels increased. Although the ratio of urinary energy (UE) to urinary N (UN) was higher in cats fed the lowest CP diet, it was still much lower than in other mammals. Regression between UE/digestible crude protein (DCP) and N-balance indicated that dietary ME at N-equilibrium (i.e., MEn) could be expressed as DE -0.47 × DCP. MEn could also be estimated as DE -0.62 × DCP by using the average ratio of UE/(UN × 6.25). Both DCP coefficients were much lower than in other mammals, including dogs and pigs, suggesting a unique form of N metabolism in cats. Because ME values applied to practical feline feed ingredients have been either estimated in pigs or calculated according to the equation, DE -1.25 × DCP, similar to the method used for dogs, the present ME values for cats are believed to have been underestimated.

著者

Kazuyuki MEKADA Kuniya ABE Ayumi MURAKAMI Satoe NAKAMURA Hatsumi NAKATA Kazuo MORIWAKI Yuichi OBATA Atsushi YOSHIKI

出版者

公益社団法人 日本実験動物学会

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.141-149, 2009 (Released:2009-05-16)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

76 267

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The C57BL/6 mouse is the most well-known inbred mouse strain, and has been widely used as a genetic background for congenic and mutant mice. A number of C57BL/6 substrains have been derived from the C57BL/6 founder line and are reported to differ in several phenotypes. There are several major sources of C57BL/6 substrains for the biomedical research community. The importance of their genetic and phenotypic differences among substrains, however, has not yet been well recognized by biomedical researchers. Here, we report the result of screening of the functional deletion of the nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) gene and 1,446 SNPs genotyping among seven C57BL/6 substrains from different sources, such as C57BL/6J, C57BL/6JJcl, C57BL/6JJmsSlc, C57BL/6NJcl, C57BL/6NCrlCrlj, C57BL/6NTac, and C57BL/6CrSlc. The deletion of exon 7-11 in the Nnt gene that was previously reported in C57BL/6J was also observed in other C57BL/6J substrains, indicating that this functional deletion probably occurred at an early stage in the establishment of C57BL/6J substrains. The genotyping of SNP loci clearly demonstrate genetic differences between C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N substrains at 11 loci. Besides, we found another SNP differing between C57BL/6J and other C57BL/6J substrains available from commercial breeders. No genetic difference was detected among C57BL/6N substrains. The C57BL/6CrSlc mouse, originally derived from the National Cancer Institute of the NIH was found to be the same as the C57BL/6N substrains by the SNP pattern. These data will be useful for accurate genetic monitoring of genetically engineered mice with the C57BL/6 background.

著者

Tomoyuki SATO Tomoyo OCHIISHI Sayaka HIGO-YAMAMOTO Katsutaka OISHI

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.23-0104, (Released:2023-12-14)

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Disturbances in sleep-wake and circadian rhythms may reportedly precede the onset of cognitive symptoms in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanisms of these AD-induced sleep disturbances remain unelucidated. To specifically evaluate the involvement of amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers in AD-induced sleep disturbances, we examined circadian and sleep phenotypes using an Aβ-GFP transgenic (Aβ-GFP Tg) mouse characterized by intracellular accumulation of Aβ oligomers. The circadian rhythm and free-running period of wheel running activity were identical between Aβ-GFP Tg and littermate wild-type mice. The durations of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were elongated in Aβ-GFP Tg mice; however, the durations of non-REM sleep and wakefulness were unaffected. The Aβ-GFP Tg mice exhibited shifts in the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra toward higher frequencies in the inactive light phase. These findings suggest that the intracellular accumulation of Aβ oligomers might be associated with sleep quality; however, its impact on circadian systems is limited.

著者

Mohammad Abdul AWAL Mohammad ASADUZZAMAN Mohammad Khairul ANAM Mohammad Abdul Aziz PRODHAN Masamichi KUROHMARU

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.4, pp.349-352, 2001 (Released:2003-11-06)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

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Arterial supply to the stomach of dogs indigenous to Bangladesh was investigated by using latex. The hepatic, left gastric and splenic arteries sent their major branches to the stomach. The cranial and caudal branches of the left gastric artery supplied the lesser curvature of the stomach. The right gastric, and right and left gastroepiploic arteries also sent their branches to both the lesser and greater curvatures. Six or seven short gastric arteries from the splenic artery supplied the greater curvature. Anastomoses between the left and right gastric, between the left and right gastroepiploic, and between short gastric arteries and left gastric arteries were observed.

著者

Yutaka MASUDA Minoru SUZUKI Yusuke AKAGAWA Takaubu TAKEMURA

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.209-211, 1999 (Released:2003-11-22)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

9 9

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We demonstrated emotional piloerection in mice given conditioned fear stress by means of a pass-through apparatus. The emotional piloerection was first assessed in mice of different ages. The results showed that the piloerection changed with age. Pharmacological studies showed that the piloerection was inhibited by an alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin, but, surprisingly, was not inhibited by anxiolytic diazepam. These findings strongly suggest that the neuronal system of piloerection is different from that of freezing behavior, and that the neuronal system of piloerection develops with age.

著者

Michiko HIGASHI Saori TAHARABARU Yushi U. ADACHI Maiko SATOMOTO Takahiro TAMURA Naoyuki MATSUDA Aiji SATO-BOKU Masahiro OKUDA

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.23-0010, (Released:2023-06-02)

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Administration in a lipid emulsion can modify the pharmacodynamics of drugs via a process known as lipid resuscitation. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. We studied the volume and another pharmacodynamic effect, the lipid sink, using propofol and thiamylal. Male adult mice (ddY) were intravenously administered 10 mL/kg propofol or thiamylal diluted with physiological saline, 10% soybean oil, or 20% soybean oil. The 50% effective dose (ED50) for achieving hypnosis was calculated using probit analysis. To investigate the volume effect, 0, 10, or 20 mL/kg of saline or soybean oil was administered, either simultaneously or beforehand. Next, a two- or three-fold dose of the anesthetics was administered and the durations of anesthesia were measured. Finally, at 30 s after the first injection, supplemental soybean oil was administered. The mean (± standard error) ED50 values of propofol and thiamylal were 5.79 mg/kg (0.61) and 8.83 mg/kg (0.84), respectively. Lipid dilution increased the ED50 values of both anesthetics. After injection of a dose two-fold the ED50 value, the respective mean (± standard deviation) durations of anesthesia were 125 ± 35 s and 102 ± 38 s. Supplemental administration of soybean oil significantly shortened the duration of anesthesia of propofol, but not that of thiamylal. The results indicate that administration of a lipid emulsion vitiated the anesthetic effect of propofol by reducing the non-emulsified free fraction in the aqueous phase, which may elucidate the lipid resuscitation likely caused by the lipid sink mechanism.

著者

Natalia GOGOLEVA Zeynab Javanfekr SHAHRI Atsushi NODA Ching-Wei LIAO Arata WAKIMOTO Yuri INOUE Hyojung JEON Satoru TAKAHASHI Michito HAMADA

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.23-0044, (Released:2023-05-12)

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Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) has become a popular tool for gene transfer because of its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and efficiently transduce genetic material into a variety of cell types. The study utilized GRR (Green-to-Red Reporter) mouse embryos, in which the expression of iCre results in the disappearance of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) expression and the detection of Discosoma sp. Red Fluorescent Protein (DsRed) expression by intraplacental injection. Our results demonstrate that AAV9-CMV-iCre can transduce multiple organs in embryos at developmental stages E9.5–E11.5, including the liver, heart, brain, thymus, and intestine. These findings suggest that intraplacental injection of AAV9-CMV-iCre is a viable method for the widespread transduction of GRR mouse embryos.

著者

Koji KAWAKAMI Kenji KOJIMA Ikuyo MAKINO Ikuo KATO Masaharu ONOUE

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.4, pp.301-307, 2007 (Released:2007-07-27)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

7 12

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p-Cresol is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora, and its formation is influenced by intestinal conditions. Fasting drastically changes intestinal conditions. However, the effect of fasting on p-cresol production is unclear. In this study, serum and cecal p-cresol levels were determined in non-fasted rats and in rats fasting for either 12 or 18 h. Serum p-cresol increased significantly with 12-h fasting (3.44 ± 2.15 nmol/ml; P<0.05) and 18-h fasting (5.40 ± 2.20; P<0.001) as compared to the level in the non-fasted rats (1.02 ± 0.50). Cecal p-cresol levels of the 12-h fasted (272.6 ± 313.2 nmol/cecum) and 18-h fasted rats (436.6 ± 190.8; P<0.01) were higher than those in non-fasted rats (27.1 ± 21.9). The total cecal protein in content did not change with 18-h fasting. However, the cecal protein concentration increased significantly with fasting (P<0.001), and correlated closely with total cecal p-cresol contents (P<0.001). These results indicate that fasting enhances p-cresol production in the rat cecum, resulting in accumulation of serum p-cresol. We presume that the increase in p-cresol produced by fasting is related to the enhancement of bacterial nitrogen metabolism via an increased concentration of endogenous protein in the cecum.

著者

Masahiro TAGAWA Yasushi HARA Hiroyasu EJIMA Shinobu KOMORI Toru R. SAITO Kazuaki W. TAKAHASHI Kyoji HIOKI Susumu EBUKURO

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.49-55, 1995 (Released:2003-12-23)

参考文献数

19

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This study was undertaken to evaluate the sedative effect of medetomidine, an α2-adrenoceptor agonist, and the counteractive effect of atipamezole, an antagonist to medetomidine, in house musk shrews (Suncus murinus). Two hundred, 300, 400, or 600 μg/kg of medetomidine was intraperitoneal injected into 89 house musk shrews. A sedative effect was produced in one to two minutes after injection. The dose-dependent prolongation of the sedative duration and the dose-dependent appearance of a hypothermic effect were demonstrated. With 200 μg/kg of medetomidine, the sedative effect obtained was not adequate in some of the animals. With 300 μg/kg and above, a stable sedative state was induced in all the animals. The duration of sedation in the house musk shrews was much longer (p<0.01) in males than in females. This suggested the higher susceptibility of male house musk shrews to this drug. The sedative effect and hypothermia obtained with 400 μg/kg of medetomidine were completely counteracted by more than 2.0 mg/kg of atipamezole. With 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg of atipamezole, only a partial antagonistic action was produced. Transient vomiting appeared in 4.5% of the house musk shrews at approximately one minute after injection of medetomidine. This side-effect had occurred before the sedative effect was obtained, and was not serious enough to be a problem. None of the 89 house musk shrews died in this experiment. The above results show that the combination of medetomidine and atipamezole is a highly effective and safe anesthetic treatment which permits easy handling of house musk shrews.

著者

Sarah Annie GUÉNETTE Marie-Chantal GIROUX Pascal VACHON

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.87-92, 2013 (Released:2013-04-25)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

20 27

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Frogs possess pain receptors and pathways that support processing and perception of noxious stimuli however the level of organization is less well structured compared to mammals. It was long believed that the experience of pain was limited to ‘higher’ phylums of the animal kingdom. However, it is now commonly accepted that amphibians possess neuro-anatomical pathways conductive of a complete nociceptive experience. Xenopus laevis frogs have been one of the most popular aquatic research models for developmental studies and genetic research. These frogs have been extensively use in research for their eggs, that can be collected following hormonal stimulation either naturally or by surgical intervention. Many anaesthetics have been used in amphibians such as bath solutions of MS-222, benzocaine and eugenol as well as systemic injections of ketamine or tiletamine, barbiturates, propofol and gas administrations of methoxyflurane, halothane and isoflurane. Most of these anaesthetic drugs produce variability in depth and duration of anaesthesia. MS-222 appears to be one of the most reliable anaesthetics. This review will focus on the evidence of pain perception in frogs and will compare the effectiveness and limitations of different anaesthetics used in Xenopus leavis frogs.

著者

Yating LUO Ruyue CHENG Huijing LIANG Zhonghua MIAO Jiani WANG Qingqing ZHOU Jianguo CHEN Fang HE Xi SHEN

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.21-0182, (Released:2022-07-06)

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In this study, C57BL/6J male mice were fed normal chow (NC; control) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, and HFD mice were supplemented with oral administration of Streptococcus thermophilus MN-ZLW-002 (HFD + MN002; n=20/group. Body weight, visceral fat, blood glucose, blood lipids and liver lipid deposition increased in the HFD group, and the composition of gut microbiota, cecum short-chain fatty acids and fecal bile acids (BAs) also changed. Oral-fed MN-002 increased the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Streptococcaceae and improved blood glucose, liver cholesterol deposition, and serum IL-10, CCL-3 and the fecal BAs composition. In conclusion, the high-fat diet changed the composition of bile acids by shaping the gut microbiota into an obese type, leading to metabolic disturbances. Streptococcus thermophilus MN-ZLW-002 regulated gut microbiota by adjusting the composition of bile acids and improved the perturbation caused by high-fat diets. However, the effect of MN002 observed in animal experiments needs to be verified by long-term clinical trials.

著者

Hsi-Tien Wu Ya-Wen Chuang Cheng-Pu Huang Ming-Huang Chang

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.41-49, 2018 (Released:2018-02-09)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

14 20

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Angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) homologue that displays antagonist effects on ACE/angiotensin II (Ang II) axis in renin-angiotensin system (RAS), could play a protective role against liver damages. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether inflammation-mediated liver injury could be affected by ACE2 derived pathways in the RAS. Eight-weeks-old wild-type (WT; C57BL/6) and Ace2 KO (hemizygous Ace2-/y) male mice were used to induce liver fibrosis by thioacetamide (TAA) administration (0, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW). The mice administrated with TAA could be successfully induced liver fibrosis in a TAA-dose dependent manner. Compared to WT mice, the results show that Ace2 KO mice have high sensitive, and developed more serious reaction of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by TAA administration. The physiological and pathological examinations demonstrated higher serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, infiltration of white blood cells and fibrotic lesions within liver in the Ace2 KO mice. The severe liver damage of Ace2 KO mice were also confirmed by the evidence of higher expression of hepatic inflammation-related genes (IL-6 and Tnf) and fibrosis-related genes (Col1a1, Timp1 and Mmp9). Ace2 gene deficiency could lead to a severe inflammation and collagen remodeling in the liver administrated by TAA, and the responses lead the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Our studies provided the main messages and favorable study directions of relationship of Ace2 and liver disease.

著者

Shin SHIMADA Takahiro YOSHIZAWA Yuki TAKAHASHI Yuko NITAHARA-KASAHARA Takashi OKADA Yoshihiro NOMURA Hitoki YAMANAKA Tomoki KOSHO Kiyoshi MATSUMOTO

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.4, pp.407-413, 2020 (Released:2020-11-12)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2 3

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Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDSs) are heterogeneous group of heritable connective tissue disorders characterized by joint and skin hyperextensibility as well as fragility of various organs. Recently, we described a new type of EDS, musculocontractual EDS (mcEDS-CHST14), caused by pathogenic variants of the carbohydrate sulfotransferase 14 (CHST14) gene mutation. B6;129S5-Chst14tm1Lex/Mmucd (B6;129-Chst14 KO) mice are expected to be an animal model of mcEDS-CHST14. However, >90% of B6;129-Chst14 KO homozygous (B6;129-Chst14−/−) mice show perinatal lethality. Therefore, improvement of the birth rate of Chst14−/− mice is needed to clarify the pathophysiology of mcEDS-CHST14 using this animal model. Some B6;129-Chst14−/− embryos had survived at embryonic day 18.5 in utero, suggesting that problems with delivery and/or childcare may cause perinatal lethality. However, in vitro fertilization and egg transfer did not improve the birth rate of the mice. A recent report showed that backcrossing to C57BL/6 strain induces perinatal death of all Chst14−/− mice, suggesting that genetic background influences the birthrate of these mice. In the present study, we performed backcrossing of B6;129-Chst14 KO mice to a BALB/c strain, an inbred strain that shows lower risks of litter loss than C57BL/6 strain. Upon backcrossing 1 to 12 times, the birth rate of Chst14−/− mice was improved with a birth rate of 6.12–18.64%. These results suggest that the genetic background influences the birth rate of Chst14−/− mice. BALB/c congenic Chst14−/− (BALB.Chst14−/−) mice may facilitate investigation of mcEDS-CHST14. Furthermore, backcrossing to an appropriate strain may contribute to optimizing animal experiments.

著者

Masanori A. Murayama Nagisa Arimitsu Jun Shimizu Naruyoshi Fujiwara Kenji Takai Yoko Okada Chieko Hirotsu Erika Takada Tomoko Suzuki Noboru Suzuki

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.387-397, 2021 (Released:2021-08-06)

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

1 6

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Elderly patients with dementia suffer from cognitive dysfunctions and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as anxiety and depression. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a form of age-related dementia, and loss of cholinergic neurons is intimately associated with development of AD symptoms. We and others have reported that neural cell transplantation ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in AD model mice. It remains largely unclear whether neural cell transplantation ameliorates the NPS of AD. It would be interesting to determine whether NPS correlates with cognitive dysfunctions before and after neural cell transplantation in AD model mice. Based on the revalidation of our previous data from a Morris water maze test, we found that neural cell transplantation improved anxiety and depression significantly and marginally affected locomotion activity in AD mice. A correlation analysis revealed that the spatial learning function of AD mice was correlated with their NPS scores both before and after cell transplantation in a similar manner. In contrast, in the mice subjected to cell transplantation, spatial reference memory function was not correlated with NPS scores. These results suggested the neural cell transplantation in the AD model mice significantly improved NPS to the same degree as cognitive dysfunctions, possibly via distinct mechanisms, such as the cholinergic and GABAergic systems.

著者

Masanori A. Murayama Nagisa Arimitsu Jun Shimizu Naruyoshi Fujiwara Kenji Takai Yoshiki Ikeda Yoko Okada Chieko Hirotsu Erika Takada Tomoko Suzuki Noboru Suzuki

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.398-405, 2021 (Released:2021-08-06)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

1 4

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurological disorder affecting memory function in elderly persons. Indeed, AD exhibits abnormality in cognitive behaviors and higher susceptibility to neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). Various factors including aging, sex difference and NPS severity, are implicated during in development of AD. In this study, we evaluated behavioral abnormalities of AD model, PDAPP transgenic mice at young age using the Morris Water Maze test, which was established to assess hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. We found that female AD model mice exhibited spatial learning dysfunction and highly susceptible to NPS such as anxiety and depression, whereas spatial reference memory function was comparable in female PDAPP Tg mice to female wild type (WT) mice. Spatial learning function was comparable in male AD model mice to male WT mice. Multiple regression analysis showed that spatial learning dysfunction was associated with NPS severity such as anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the analysis showed that spatial reference memory function was associated with status of depression, but not anxiety. Thus, these results suggest female dominance of spatial learning dysfunction in the AD model mice accompanying increased NPS severity. The understandings of AD model may be useful for the development of therapeutic agents and methods in human AD.

著者

Ayumi MUKUNOKI Toru TAKEO Satohiro NAKAO Kana TAMURA Yuka HORIKOSHI Naomi NAKAGATA

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.4, pp.423-429, 2020 (Released:2020-11-12)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 2

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The cold storage of two-cell embryos is a useful technique for transporting genetically engineered mice without the shipment of live animals. However, the developmental ability of cold-stored embryos decreases with prolonged storage periods. Therefore, the transported embryos must be readily transferred to recipient mice upon arrival. The cryopreservation of cold-transported embryos may improve the flexibility of the schedule of embryo transfer. In this paper, we examined the viability and developmental ability of vitrified-warmed mouse embryos at the two-cell stage after cold storage in refrigerated temperatures for 0, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. The viability of vitrified-warmed embryos after cold storage was comparable to vitrified-warmed embryos without cold storage. Vitrified-warmed embryos after cold storage also developed normally to pups by embryo transfer. In addition, live pups were obtained from vitrified-warmed embryos after cold-transportation from Asahikawa Medical University. In summary, cold-stored embryos can be used for the transportation and archive of genetically engineered mice.

著者

Katrina Paz D. Calimag Czarina Catherine H. Arbis Therese Marie A. Collantes Jussiaea V. Bariuan Mary Jasmin C. Ang Cleofas A. Cervancia Mark Joseph M. Desamero Maria Amelita C. Estacio

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.185-193, 2021 (Released:2021-05-13)

参考文献数

85

被引用文献数

7

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Despite decades-long existence of the Philippine stingless bee industry, the biological activity of propolis from this native bee species (Tetragonula biroi Friese) remains poorly understood and sparingly investigated. Herein, we examined the potential anti-inflammatory efficacy of Philippine stingless bee propolis using the lambda (λ)-carrageenan-induced mice model of hind paw edema. Thirty (30), six-week-old, male ICR mice were randomly assigned into three treatment groups (n=10/group) as follows: distilled water group, diclofenac sodium group (10 mg/kg), and propolis group (100 mg/kg). All treatment were administered an hour prior to the injection of the phlogistic agent. As observed at 3 h post-injection, λ-carrageenan remarkably evoked the classical signs of hind paw edema exemplified grossly by swelling and hyperemia. The ameliorative effect of propolis became apparent at the onset of 6 h post-injection with a statistically significant finding evident at the 24-h period. This gross attenuation histologically correlated to a considerable and specific reduction of the dermal edema, which mirrored those of the diclofenac sodium group. Furthermore, both propolis and diclofenac sodium significantly attenuated the λ-carrageenan-induced increase in the protein expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) depicting more than two-fold decrement relative to the distilled water group. Altogether, these suggest that Philippine stingless bee propolis also exhibited a promising in vivo anti-inflammatory property, which can be partly mediated through the inhibition of TNF-α.

著者

Kyoko TSUKIYAMA-KOHARA Michinori KOHARA

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.367-374, 2014 (Released:2014-10-30)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

24 23

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Tupaias, or tree shrews, are small mammals that are similar in appearance to squirrels. The morphological and behavioral characteristics of the group have been extensively characterized, and despite previously being classified as primates, recent studies have placed the group in its own family, the Tupaiidae. Genomic analysis has revealed that the genus Tupaia is closer to humans than it is to rodents. In addition, tupaias are susceptible to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. The only other experimental animal that has been demonstrated to be sensitive to both of these viruses is the chimpanzee, but restrictions on animal testing have meant that experiments using chimpanzees have become almost impossible. Consequently, the development of the tupaia for use as an animal infection model could become a powerful tool for hepatitis virus research and in preclinical studies on drug development.

著者

Abdul Razaq HIRMAN Lili DU Shaohang CHENG Heng ZHENG Linna DUO Qianyu ZHAI Jing XU

出版者

Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

雑誌

Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0159, (Released:2021-03-03)

被引用文献数

3

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Excessive scar formation post burn injury can cause great pain to the patients. MiR-133a-3p has been demonstrated to be anti-fibrotic in some fibrosis-related diseases. However, its possible role in scar formation has not been elucidated yet. In present study, the effect of miR-133a-3p on scar formation was investigated in a scalded model of mice. Moreover, the function of miR-133a-3p on proliferation and migration of scar-derived fibroblasts (SFs) was studied in vitro. It was found that miR-133a-3p was dramatically downregulated in scar tissue of scalded mice. Upregulation of miR-133a-3p by miR-133a-3p agomir obviously inhibited the scar formation in scalded mice. Histological staining showed that upregulation of miR-133a-3p attenuated the excessive deposition of collagen in scar tissue of scalded mice. In vitro study showed that upregulation of miR-133a-3p effectively suppressed the proliferation and migration of SFs. Besides, upregulation of miR-133a-3p attenuated the protein levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I, indicating that miR-133a-3p could suppress the activation of SFs. The expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a critical mediator in cell proliferation, migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, was also downregulated by the upregulation of miR-133a-3p. Luciferase reporter assay validated that CTGF was directly targeted by miR-133a-3p. In addition, overexpression of CTGF abolished the effect of miR-133a-3p on inhibiting the proliferation, migration and activation of SFs, indicating that miR-133a-3p functioned by targeting CTGF. Therefore, miR-133a-3p might be a promising target for treating pathological scars.