著者

小森 義峯

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.131-157, 2011-12-19 (Released:2018-01-10)

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The American occupation forces (GHQ) determined that Shinto was a militaristic and ultra-nationalistic religion. Therefore, the GHQ issued the Directive entitled "Abolition of Governmental Sponsorship, Support, Perpetuation, Control, Dissemination of State Shinto (Kokka Shinto, Jinja Shinto) = henceforth the "Shinto-Directive" against the Japanese government on 15 December 1945. The point of the "Shinto-Directive" is to implement the "Separation of Religion and State" established in Article 20, Clause 3 of the present Japanese Constitution. By the way, the primary purpose of this study is to demonstrate the fundamental characteristics of Shinto as a "World Religion" in order to aid a fundamental study of the "Separation of Religion and State" specified in the Japanese Constitution. The content of this study is as follows: 1. The relationship between the "Shinto-Directive" and the "Separation of Religion and State" in the Japanese Constitution, 2. What kind of a religion is Shinto?, 3. Several characteristics of Shinto viewed from the standpoint of comparative religious studies (1) natural religious characteristics, (2) native religious characteristics, (3) pantheistic characteristics, (4) theanthropic religious characteristics, (5) characteristics of tolerance, (6) characteristics of universal morality, (7) characteristics of scientific rationality, (8) characteristics of quasi-national religion, 4. The term of "Kokutai-Shinto" and its characteristics, 5. Definition of "World Religion" and its characteristics, 6. Conclusion. The greatest point which I would like to emphasize in this study is that Shinto is the most excellent religion in the world and a "Treasure of mankind" as J. W. T. Mason (1879- 1941, American journalist) described in his books.

著者

小野 義典

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.159-214, 2011-12-19 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Dieser Bericht ist japanische Ubersetzung des Grundgesetz von Ungarn. Die ungarische Nationale Versammlung nahm am 18. April 2011 das Grundgesetz an. Der ungarische Prasident unterschrieb am 25. April 2011 das Grundgesetz. Das Grundgesetz wird in Ungarn an den 1. Januar 2012 durchgesetzt. Dieses Grundgesetz druckt das Ende vom Verfassungssystem der Ubergangsperiode aus. Und das druckt Kombination mit EU aus. Weiterhin zeigt diese Verfassung, dass ein Gedanke die ideale Methode des ungarischen originalen Landes rief. Weil ein besonderer verfassungsmassiger Artikel dort fur Leute betrachtet, die den Ursprung in Ungarn Lebensunterhalt ausserhalb einer ungarischen Grenze besitzen, konnen wir es verstehen. Ausserdem fordert es diese Verfassung, Autoritat von des Verfassungsgericht zu reduzieren.

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.App1, 2012-12-25 (Released:2018-01-10)

著者

野畑 健太郎

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.1-5, 2012-12-25 (Released:2018-01-10)

著者

吉田 夏彦

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.31-54, 2010-12-24 (Released:2018-01-10)

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In recent years, the EU (European Union)'s approach to "Corporate Social Responsibility: CSR" has been discussed in various countries. Because, it may be changing significantly from the fundamental principle of company law that the company exists to maximize shareholder value. In this paper, I consider the director's "duty to promote the success of the company" in The United Kingdom 2006 Companies Act which was revised under the influence of the EU's approach to CSR. Because I think that by doing this work, the problem that occurs when the EU's approach to CSR is made legislation is clarified.

著者

長尾 英彦

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.55-68, 2010-12-24 (Released:2018-01-10)

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"Wire-service defense" is the law theory that a newspaper publishing news items from a wire-service company untouched should not be responsible for libel. This theory has been formed by court decisions in USA. In Japan, there is no provisions of it, nor judicial precedents approving the theory directly. But, considering usefulness in practice, we had better approve it to a certain extent, I think.

著者

宮畑 加奈子

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.69-89, 2010-12-24 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Similar to the issue of differing historical views in other East Asian countries, varying historical perspectives exist with regard to the legal history of Taiwan. Especially since the political democratization of the 1990's in Taiwan, two historical views, i.e., that of the Republic of China and that of Taiwan have become evident. The aspect of the mention of the Japanese Governance in Taiwan has shown inherent contradiction or conflict between these two historical views. Last year's Interpretation (Uniform Interpretation of Statutes and Regulations) No. 668 indicates an inclination toward the historical view of the R.O.C.

著者

倉山 満

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.91-111, 2010-12-24 (Released:2018-01-10)

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It is said that Yoshino Sakuzo was a standard-bearer of the democracy of Japan. However, it is assumed that it takes advantage of an expansionist current of the times in the youth, and nationalism speech and behavior was done by him. A current research is exaltation of the nationalism done when he is young and it is insisted that thought be fundamentally changed. I wonder whether the nation was existence that can be thrown away however for Yoshino. No, it is not so. Even if the insistence was changed for Yoshino according to the change in the situation, the nation outlook that existed in the basis was immovable. In this thesis, whether Yoshino really changed thought is verified through the key words. These are "Nation State", "Constitutionalism", and "Election and party politics". Moreover, there are "Modernist", "British type monarch system", and "Security" importance in "Constitutionalism".

著者

団上 智也

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.113-134, 2010-12-24 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Although many scholars seek to find the universal and settled meaning of the ninth amendment and enjoy the richness of the inquiry relating to the unenumerated rights, the current situation about the interpretation of the ninth amendment is too various and complicated. However, thanks to originalism, someone can categorize the series of amassed scholarly works following the several versions of originalism such as original intent originalism, original understanding originalism, original public meaning originalism, and semantic originalism. Each type of originalism may reveal the possible (or acceptable) interpretation over the meaning/character of the ninth amendment or/and the unenumerated rights. In this article, the author has tried to keep various interpretive accounts about the ninth amendment fit into the categories that are the fruits of the theoretical progress of originalism.

著者

吉川 智

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.135-158, 2010-12-24 (Released:2018-01-10)

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In Japan, there are many arguments about the local suffrage of alien inhabitant. The fundamental human rights are guaranteed to all of the people by the Japanese Constitution. But this "all of the people" include alien, especially a foreigner or Korean living in Japan, or not, that is an important question. Early in this year, the most Japanese famous scholar with regard to this matters and former Justice of the Supreme Court shifted own doctrine from tolerance to prohibition. This difficult problem is not settled yet. In this article, I attempt to dissect several doctrines, to compare with the constitutions of the countries of the world, and to treat the local suffrage of alien inhabitant.

著者

小森 義峯

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.69-88, 2009-12-22 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Japanese unwritten traditional Constitution is based on "Emperor System by a line of Emperors unbroken for ages eternal". It was destroyed fundamentally by present Japanese Constitution forced by American occupation forces. This thesis focused relationship between present jurisdiction and Japanese unwritten traditional Constitution.

著者

久禮 義一 平峯 潤

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.89-113, 2009-12-22 (Released:2018-01-10)

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It is said that 21 century is a century of human rights. Many studies are published on human rights. But Japanese systems have problems with relief measures of human rights. Especially the system of Civil Liberties Commissions is not known to many people. This paper is for the purpose of showing the reality and the problems on the system of Civil Liberties Commission.

著者

大野 正博

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.153-178, 2009-12-22 (Released:2018-01-10)

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This article aims to investigate the legality of retaining waste as left property which was determined by the Supreme Court on April 15, 2008 based on discussions in the United States, such as California v. Greenwood, 486 U.S. 35 (1988). Criminal Procedures Law Article 221 is provided for "A public procurator, a secretary of the public procurator's office, or a policeman may retain an article or articles left by the suspect or other persons, or produced voluntarily be the owner, possessor, or custodian." The Supreme Court entered a judgment in which it acknowledges that if the investigation authority renders the necessity of examining discarded disposable waste at waste collection locations on public roads, based on Article 221 in the Code of Criminal Procedure, the investigation authority may retain such waste as left property. Conclusively, this judgment was appropriate in general. However, there are some problems in views of (1) authorization of possession renouncement and (2) privacy right protection for the persons who disposed the waste. It is considered impossible to seize such waste though it is "left property." If the waste is considered to be important evidence, then it is rather appropriate for the investigation authority to proceed with the seizure. We await accumulation of judicial cases which maintain the balance between "the necessity of investigation" and "privacy right protection of the disposers."

著者

五十子 敬子

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.1-29, 2010-12-24 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Freedom of decision-making means that people are free to make up their own minds and take responsibility for their decisions. The Preface to the Japanese Constitution stipulates "We, the Japanese people, acting through our duly elected representatives in the National Diet, determined that we shall secure for ourselves and our posterity the fruits of peaceful cooperation with all nations and the blessings of liberty throughout this land". In the third chapter, it defines freedom more precisely. In this paper, I will mainly discuss self-determination regarding death, starting with the definition of self-determination. The general definition of 'self-determination' is similar to 'autonomy', originally used to describe political self-government in ancient Greece. Subsequently, the term was used in moral philosophy to mean individual self-government. Although it is argued that the capacity for individual autonomous control is what distinguishes human beings from animals, at the same time, autonomous choices may conflict with other individual and social values. Secondly, I will discuss whether self-determination regarding therapy is a constitutional right, and how mentally incapacitated adults can take such decisions. I will compare Japanese, American and British judgments on these issues, and definitions of commission and omission. I would also like to suggest that Japan should move forward in reaching consensus on this.

著者

倉山 満

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.107-131, 2007-12-26 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Yoshino Sakuzo is often called "the most significant political scientist in Taisyo era". His legal logic and his work should not be ignored. With a view of Yoshino as a political scientist, we must pay great attention to work of this great jurist. Yoshino strongly demanded Democracy in Japan. Especially he insisted on the party government system, because he wanted to reflect the public opinion thorough the general election. He also made an effort to establish the convention of the constitution. Although the corruption of two major parties disappointed him and most Japanese people, normal constitutional practice was repeated and put an emphasis on. Finally, Yoshino's ideal did not come true. From 1932 to 1945, normal constitutional practice was abolished. However, every cabinet could not ignore the House of Representative. The convention of the constitution, in which the cabinet distrusted by the House of Representative selects the choice of resignation or the dissolution, remained. Yoshino idealized british constitutional government, and demanded the practice and the convention in Japan. Though he never admired american constitutional code, Yoshio is nowadays considered Wilsonian or Wilsonist. We must correct such an evaluation of him.

著者

浮田 徹

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.133-148, 2007-12-26 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Die Familie stehen unter besonderen Schutze der Staatlichen Ordnung. Fur die Familie immer es um Die Familienlastenausgleich im Sozialrecht gehet. Im System von Renten- und Pflegeversicherung, der Ausgleich zwischen erziehenden und nicht erziehenden Mitgliedern der sozialen Versicherung kann erfolgen. Das ist sehr wichtig fur Deutschland.

著者

野畑 健太郎

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.1-29, 2008-12-27 (Released:2018-01-10)

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A definite legal provision on patients' rights of self-determination in medical care cannot be found in Japanese law or the Japanese Constitution. Patients' rights of self-determination are recognized in the realm of learning and the judicial precedents of some lower courts in Japan nowadays. However, it is not evident whether patients' rights of self-determination found in some lower court's judgments in Japan is a right of civil and criminal law or a right of Constitution which means a human right to self-determine. Although patients' rights of self-determination have been argued in terms of medical practices, death with dignity, and so on, they have been not discussed as a constitutional right until the present day. Only whether disregard of the patients' rights of self-determination brings about civil or criminal responsibility has been questioned. Nowadays, although there are some theoretical viewpoints which regard patients' rights of self-determination as a constitutional right, or a human right, originally they are considered a right of civil and/or criminal law in doctor-patient relationships. Hence, it is doubtful that regarding patient's right as a constitutional right, or a human right without examining some theoretical problems on article 13 of the Japanese Constitution. The purpose of this study is to investigate the constitutional theoretical problems about patients' rights of self-determination, by discussing the judicial precedents of some courts related to patients' rights of self-determination.

著者

小野 義典

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.53-75, 2008-12-27 (Released:2018-01-10)

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Dieser Bericht steht darauf, ich lasse die Sache, die schwer ist, fur die konventionelle Verfassungsvorherrschaftstheorie uber jeder nationalen Verfassungsmethode in EU-Gebiet erklarbar zu sein und Verbindungen des Vertrages und ich, heutzutage den Trend darin hinzufugen und fuge die Prufung hinzu. Unter EU-Vertrage und verfassungsmassigen Wirkungsverbindungen untersuche ich, ob es den Fall gibt, dass eine Verfassung die Vorherrschaft vom Vertrage besonders annimmt. Ich uberprufe, ob EU-Vertrage in einen Vertrag eingeschlossen wird und gedacht wird. Ich erwage der Ubertragung von Hoheitsrechten in EU-Mitglieder Staaten.

著者

大西 斎

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.77-100, 2008-12-27 (Released:2018-01-10)

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This paper overviews the history and the background surrounding the judgment system for teachers who are unable to provide adequate guidance. It also examine what effort the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the Education Board are making in their dealing with such teachers. The paper then analyzes the court cases where the lawsuit was brought against those teachers who are unable to provide adequate guidance. Furthermore, the paper attempts to identify, through the analysis of the court precedents, the relation between the teachers who are unable to provide adequate guidance, and the discharge without honor and the disciplinary action. Finally, the paper considers how to improve the quality of teachers, after examining the above.

著者

安保 克也

出版者

関西法政治学研究会

雑誌

憲法論叢 (ISSN:24330795)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.101-126, 2008-12-27 (Released:2018-01-10)

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It seems that wars in the 21st century are mainly in the form of Cyber Warfare rather than a more conventional style of confrontation. Cyber Warfare breaks out without declaration. Therefore, under the current Japanese legal system it is difficult to prevent Cyber Warfare, which is fought in the lawless zone called Cyberspace. If there were any legal regulations, such as international treaties, these laws would be broken easily with the new technology that is available. This paper tries to analyze how different nations tackle Cyber Warfare and how Cyber Warfare could be interpreted legally. It also makes several how suggestions on the Japanese defense policy against Cyber Warfare.