著者

ABIKO Shin

出版者

法政大学国際日本学研究所

雑誌

国際日本学 = INTERNATIONAL JAPANESE STUDIES (ISSN:18838596)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.39-56, 2007-03-31

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西周が「哲学」という訳語を案出し、西洋哲学の日本への移入に努めたことは知られている。そもそも外国文化の熱心な移入というのは、それ自身が文化現象として、優れて日本的と言えるものであるが、西洋文明の根幹をなす哲学の移入は、この点で、日本文化の特質を大いに照らし出すはずのものなのである。その最初の決定的なケースが西周の場合であった。彼において特筆すべきは、西洋哲学を移入する際に、プラトンやデカルト、カントといった形而上学の伝統にではなく、コント実証主義に向かったということ、しかもそのコント実証主義を全面的にではなく、とくに社会学を修正しつつ取り入れようとしたこと、である。科学の分類論に収束していくこの2点での西の議論の真意を探ることで、西を通してではあるが、日本文化の特質に触れていくことができよう。本論文での差し合っての結論は、西は(日本文化は)、「形而上学」と「社会学」とを必要とはしなかったということになる。NISHI Amane (1829–97) is known for having coined the term tetsugaku as a translation for "philosophy," and for his activities in introducing Western philosophy to Japan. The earnest introduction of foreign culture is of itself a cultural phenomenon that can be said to be typically Japanese, and in these terms a study of the introduction of philosophy, which forms the basis of Western civilization, should provide us with many hints about the particular characteristics of Japanese culture. Nishi was the earliest figure to have a decisive influence in this field. Of particular note is the fact that what he chose to introduce was not the metaphysics of Plato, René Descartes, or Immanuel Kant, but rather the positivism of Auguste Comte (1798–1857), and even that not in its complete form, but with an amended understanding of sociology. Investigating the intent behind Nishi's argument in connections with these two characteristics of his activities, which essentially boils down to the question of the classification the sciences, should enable us to draw some conclusions about the characteristics peculiar to Japanese culture. This paper, for the present, concludes that Nishi must have felt that metaphysics and sociology were not essential for Japanese culture.

著者

谷村 玲子

出版者

法政大学国際日本学研究所

雑誌

国際日本学 = INTERNATIONAL JAPANESE STUDIES (ISSN:18838596)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.151-179, 2015-12-22

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Many textbooks for women were published in Edo-period Japan, particularly from the second half of the 17th century. These books covered a broad range of practical matters, as well as Confucian ethics. If we include revisions with the same title, there were over three thousand such books. The readers of these books were of townsman class, wealthy farmer class and lower samurai class. The literacy of women, particularly in kana, seems to have been quite high.Some textbooks recommended incense games (mon-ko) and shell games (kai-awase) as suitable arts for women. However, these games were part of high samurai culture, and girls of the townsman class would not meet them in their ordinary life, unless they were serving domain lords or high ranked samurai.The texts also encouraged girls to learn both literacy arts and performance arts, such as shamisen or chanoyu, Girls who did not have any skill with the shamisen were hardly ever employed by samurai, even though samurai officially regarded it as a “lecherous” instrument. On the other hand, girls who knew the manners of chanoyu as well as the shamisen were treated as better than the kitchen maids at samurai mansions.The goal of girls who served high ranked samurai was to gain the habits of samurai culture. Women serving in the families of high ranked samurai seem to have been an ideal figure for girls across class boundaries. The cultural distinction that women gained by serving at samurai mansions established an ideal image of “Japaneseness” for women.

著者

濱野 靖一郎

出版者

法政大学国際日本学研究所

雑誌

国際日本学 = INTERNATIONAL JAPANESE STUDIES (ISSN:18838596)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.345-363, 2010-08-10

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Carl Shmitt defined sovereignty as the subject of decision making in exceptional situations, and hence set forth decisionism. That, in Japan, was set forth by Rai Sanyo in the Edo Period, as the decision making ken, which is the very condition for the monarch to function as a ruler.This essay focuses on the idea of ken as the premise of decision making, and how it was developed throughout the Edo Period. In Japan, the idea of ken has been debated in relation to the interpretation of the 29th article in chapter 9 of Lunyu.If we follow Zhū Xī’s interpretation, ken would obtain a double meaning: the actual judgment, and the validity of its outcome. This essay tracks what changed since in the interpretation of ken in Japan, in the context of analyzing Lunyu, which was carried out by numerous figures from Kumazawa Banzan to Ogyu Sorai.That change, in short, reaches the point where ken is established as judgment. The process of decision making was divided into that of decision and judgment, and while decision was being rejected, judgment substantiated its prevail. While politics came to shun the idea of judgment by an individual, Sorai established judgment on the sphere of personal life. Sorai then clarified the double meaning embedded by Zhū Xī with two analogies: one is the deed of saints, which is always right; another is the judgment of ordinary people, which no positive consequence is guaranteed.Using the explanation above, Sanyo presents the idea of ken to the world of politics. Here, ken is something that allows political decision making but does not guarantee the outcome, because a monarch is not a saint but merely an ordinary person.

著者

鈴村 裕輔

出版者

法政大学国際日本学研究所

雑誌

国際日本学 = INTERNATIONAL JAPANESE STUDIES (ISSN:18838596)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.53-74, 2020-03-25

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Saito Takao (斎藤隆夫, 1870-1949), who is a well-known statesperson from the Taisho Period to 1949, won 13 times in the General Election of the House of Representative since 1912. Keeping the seat Saito was appointed as the Parliamentary Vice-Minister of the Home Ministry in the Hamaguchi Cabinet, the Director-General of the Legislation Bureau of the 2nd Wakatsuki Reijiro Cabinet, a Minister of the 1st Yoshida Cabinet formed in 1946 and a Minister of the Katayama Tetsu Cabinet. He took an active role in the front line of the political world and had passed away in 1949.One of the most remarkable achievement of Saito is two speeches at the Diet: “An Interpellation on a Purge of Army” (粛軍に関する質問演説) in 1936 and “An Interpellation on Handling the Second Sino-Japanese War” (支那事変処理に関する質問演説) in 1940. In the former Siato criticized the governmentʼs attitude to the 26th February 1936 Incident and in the latter he denounced measures taken by the government. However, there is no study on Saitoʼs three articles contributed to the special issue “The Right Way of Parliamentary Politics” (議会政治の本道) published in the Jiji Shimpo in November 1936.In this paper, we examined the three discussions published in “The Right Way of Parliamentary Politics” and discussed Saito's comment on military intervention in politics and his trust in the people. In this way, we demonstrated that Saitoʼs defense parliamentary politics in terms of the provisions and practical use of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and his belief that each people might effectively prevent effectively military intervention in politics.

著者

藤田 智子

出版者

法政大学国際日本学研究所

雑誌

国際日本学 = INTERNATIONAL JAPANESE STUDIES (ISSN:18838596)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.257-279, 2017-01-31

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This paper deals with illustrated storybooks with yellow covers called kibyōshi, which were published in Edo from the late 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century. In kibyōshi there were many expressions relating to the various kinds of potatoes that were daily food, such as sato-imo, yamano-imo, naga-mo and satsuma-imo (sweet potato). In particular, the kibyōshi which included the word imo (potato) in their titles or stories were 40. From their analysis emerged 4 patterns of the funny image of potatoes, which are discussed in the following sections, focusing on a representative title each.

著者

根本 千聡

出版者

法政大学国際日本学研究所

雑誌

国際日本学 = INTERNATIONAL JAPANESE STUDIES (ISSN:18838596)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.340(71)-313(98), 2017-01-31

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This study has been undertaken with the aim of clarifying aspects of the music theory of tōgaku in the Heian and Kamakura periods (11th to 13th centuries). It surveys the use of the terms tada-byōshi and gaku-byōshi. The introduction explains background information and the significance of this study. The second section expresses my approach to this study. The third section surveys the historical sources for the description of the terms tada-byōshi and gaku-byōshi. Five music treatises are examined: Shin yakaku-shō, Zappi betsuroku, Zan’ya-shō (Fujiwara no Takamichi, 1220s'), Kaichiku-shō (Ōga-family music household, late Heian to Kamakura), Gakki (a part of Kasuga gakusho held by Kasuga Taisha shrine, early Kamakura). The fourth section reaches a conclusion, and suggests the possibility that the terms tada-byōshi and gaku-byōshi are related to the modern playing styles of tōgaku, namely kangen-buki and bugaku-buki.