2 0 0 0 IR 長崎市における飼い犬の犬糸状虫の仔虫保有率の27年間の年次的変化に関する研究
- 著者
- ODA TSUTOMU SUGENAGA OSAMU ZAITSU MAKOTO MORI AKIO KUROKAWA KENJI FUJITA KOICHIRO OGAWA YASUNORI YAMAZAKI ICHIRO IIDA KUNIHIRO DOI KOUICHI MINE MARIKO KATO KATSUTOMO
- 出版者
- 日本熱帯医学会
- 雑誌
- 日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.23, no.2, pp.133-137, 1995-06-25
- 参考文献数
- 7
- 被引用文献数
- 3
The positive rate of dogs with Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae among house dogs was examined for 27 years from 1968 to 1994 in the southern and northern parts of Nagasaki City. Roles of the number of the main vector, Culex plpiens pallens and of RPSS (rate of population utilizing a sewage system) were analyzed statistically in relation to the annual changes in microfilarial prevalence. In the southern and northern parts, there was a clear correlation among three parameters of the positive rate in the dogs, the number of Cx. p. pallens and RPSS. The present study proved that the decrease in the positive rate of dogs in both the southern and northern parts is mainly attributable to a decrease in the number of Cx. p. pallens. which resulted from the decrease of the breeding places of this mosquito following the spread of the public sewage system and the improvements in the use of roads and open roadside ditches.
2 0 0 0 家兎アカントアメーバ角膜炎の臨床像および組織所見
- 著者
- 何 娜 青才 文江 文 恵聖 関谷 宗英 矢野 明彦
- 出版者
- 日本熱帯医学会
- 雑誌
- 日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.25, no.2, pp.59-67, 1997-06-15
- 参考文献数
- 31
- 被引用文献数
- 3 6
To explore the mechanisms of immune responses of host to <I>Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) </I> infection in pregnant mice, we evaluated roles of cytokines [interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 4 (IL-4)] by measuring mRNAs of these cytokines in placentas, lungs and spleens. The pathogenic effects of time and duration of the Fukaya infection on cytokine mRNA levels in pregnant mice were analyzed. The abundance of mRNAs encoding these cytokines was measured by reverse transcriptase (RT) -PCR at early and late stages of pregnancy in various organs of both susceptible C57BL/6 and resistant BALB/c pregnant mice infected with <I>T. gondii.</I> IFN-γ and TNF-α but not IL-6 or IL-4, were predominant in the immune responses of placentas, lungs and spleens of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice during <I>T. gondii</I> infection. Levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNA in placentas of early stage pregnant BALB/c mice (infected at one-week pregnancy and examined on day 4 after infection; 1W4D) were higher than those in corresponding C57BL/6 pregnant mice, which might correlate with the fact that higher parasite numbers in placentas and lungs of C57BL/6 mice (infected at one-week pregnancy and examined on day 11 after the Fukaya infection; 1W11D) were observed than those in placentas and lungs of corresponding BALB/c mice, but not correlate with the result of parasite numbers (<I>T. gondii</I> No./mg tissue) in spleens of C57BL/6 (0) and BALB/c (120±56) pregnant mice. In the late stage of pregnancy, levels of IFN-γ and TNF-a did not show definite correlations with <I>T. gondii</I> loads in placentas, lungs and spleens. These results indicate that endogenous IFN-γ and TNF-a of early stage pregnancy may be essential for inhibition of <I>T. gondii</I> growth in some organs (placentas and lungs), but not in spleens, and the mechanisms of genetic influence involved in the susceptibility and resistance to acute <I>T. gondii</I> infection may include several immune responses acting together.
1 0 0 0 IR 東アフリカ・ケニア,タベタ地区における住血吸虫症の媒介貝類について
- 著者
- Nojima Hisatake Katamine Daisuke Kawashima Kenjiro Nakajima Yasuo Imai Jun-ichi Sakamoto Makoto Shimada Masaaki Miyahara Michiaki
- 出版者
- 日本熱帯医学会
- 雑誌
- 日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.6, no.3, pp.181-193, 1978-12-15
ケニア国タベタ地区での淡水産貝類は以下の8属11種である。即ちBiomphalaria pfeifferi(Krauss),B. sudanica (Martens),Bulinus globosus (Morelet),B. tropicus (Krauss),B.forskalii (Ehrenberg),以上5種は住血吸虫との関係種,Lymnea natalensis (Krauss),Ceratophallus natalensis(Krauss),Segmentorbis angustus (Jickeli),Gyraulus costulatus (Krauss),Bellamya unicolor (Olivier),Melanoides tuberculata (Muller)である。B. pfeifferiはLumi川と灌漑用溝に, B. sudanicaはJipe湖畔に,それぞれの多数の棲息をみたが,マンソン住血吸虫の自然感染はB. pfeifferiのみに見られた。B.globosusは灌漑用溝のみに多数棲息し,B. tropicusは灌漑用溝とJipe湖畔に,B. forskaliiは少数ながらあらゆる水系に見出された。ビルハルツ住血吸虫の自然感染はB. globosusのみに見出され,その貝の棲息数が多いと約10%の高い感染率が常時認められた。一方これらの実験感染では,B. pfeifferiには3隻のミラシジウムで,B. sudanicaには5隻のそれで100%感染が成立し,両種ともマンソン住血吸虫の好適な中間宿主であることがわかった。B. globosusは1.5~8.5mmの若い貝は5隻のミラシジウムで100%感染が成立し,11~12mmの成貝では20隻以上のミラシジウムが必要である。ビルハルツ住血吸虫の好適な中間宿主であることがわかった。以上からタベタ地区でのマンソン住血吸虫症,ピノレハルツ住血吸虫症の媒介中間宿主として,前者にはB. pfeifferiとB. sudanicaが,後者にはB.globosusが主な役割を演じていることが推測される。The present study was carried out in the permanent water streams of Lumi River, Irrigation Furrow and Lake Jipe in the Taveta area, Coast Province, Kenya during the dry seasons of 1974 and 1975, and the experimental infection was made at laboratory in Japan. Freshwater snails collected in the Taveta area were as follows: Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Krauss), B. sudanica (Martens), Bulinus globosus (Morelet), B. tropicus (Krauss), B. forskalii (Ehrenberg), Lymnea natalensis (Krauss), Ceratophallus natalensis (Krauss), Segmentorbis angustus (Jickeli), Gyraulus costulatus (Krauss), Bellamya unicolor (Olivier) and Melanoides tuberculata (Muller). B. pfeifferi was commonly found in river and irrigation canal, whereas B. sudanica only in lake. Natural infection of Schistosoma mansoni was found in B. pfeifferi, but not in B. sudanica. Both the two species were experimentally proved to be suitable intermediate snail hosts of S. mansoni. Therefore it was indicated that B. pfeifferi is the host snail of S. mansoni in the endemic area along river and irrigation canal while B. sudanica is suspected of playing the role in the transmission of S. mansoni in lakeshore. B. globosus was commonly found in irrigation canal. Around 10 per cent of the snails proved to be naturally infected with S. haematobium on the conditions that many snails occurred. This snail was also experimentally proved to be susceptible to S. haematobium. B. forskalii was widespread, but the snail density seemed to be low. B. tropicus is well known as the not-intermediate snail host of S. haematobium. Therefore there might be a possibility to contribute only by B. globosus to the transmission of S. haematobium in this area.
1 0 0 0 OA フィラリア症の化学療法
- 著者
- 福島 英雄
- 出版者
- Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine
- 雑誌
- 日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:21861781)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.8, no.2, pp.80-103, 1968-02-10 (Released:2011-05-20)
- 参考文献数
- 96
At the present time, diethylcarbamazine and arsenical-oxophenarsine hydrochloride-are frequently used for the chemotherapy of bancroftian filariasis. The author succeeded in the treatment of microfilaria carriers who were administered with more than 70 mg/kg diethylcarbamazine, showing no microfilaria among them for 5 years, a long period. For this reason, it was estimated by the author that the administration with more than 70 mg/kg of this drug was necessary to eradicate bancroftian filariasis.Venous injection of oxophenarsine hydrochloride were effected continuously for a long time.Based on this result, the above mentioned dose was considered satisfactory for eradication of microfilaria.Microfilariae usually disappear from the peripheral blood quickly on administration with diethylcarbamazine. On the other hand, they disappear slowly on treatment with oxophenarsine hydrochloride.For this reason the author considered that diethylcarbamazine acted first on microfilariae and thereafter on adult worms, and that oxophenarsine hydrochloride acted first on adult worms and then on microfilariae. Simultaneous administration of these two drugs to patients with bancroftian filariasis was tried with great success.There are two methods for the treatment of filariasis. The first is the active treatment for filarial worms. The second, the conservative treatment of patients with chronic symptoms.Diethylcarbamazine shows remarkable effect against filarial fever and hemato-chyluria. Oxophenarsine hydrochloride shows a satisfactory effect on filarial fever. Microfilaria carriers without symptoms are responsive to the administration of diethylcarbamazine and oxophenarsine hydrochloride, and patients with filarial fever are responsive to diethylcarbamazine, oxophenarsine hydrochloride, adrenocorticotropic hormone, anti-histaminics and antibioctics. The administration of diethylcarbamazine, trichomycin and chloroquine diphosphate, intrapelvic infusion with the drugs, and the operative blockage of perirenal lymphatics are tried on the patients with hematochyluria.Radical treatment is given for filarial hydrocele. Plastic surgery is done on elephantiasis cases.The continuous administration of diethylcarbamazine with gradual increasing doses shows remarkable effect in the mass treatment of filariasis. This method is able to reduce gastro-intestinal and neurological disturbances.At the present time microfilaria carriers are treated exclusively without paying attention to the eradication of endemic areas. It is necessary to pay attention to the problems of eradication ; Blood survey by the present technicis incomplete. Because the detection rate of microfilariae from 0.03, 0.06, 0.3 and 2.0 ml periperal blood is 45. 1 %, 55.8 %, 67.4 % and 100.0 %, respectively, new microfilaria carriers usually appear year by year (The positive rate increases between 6.5 % and 10.5 % one year later, among the inhabitants which consist of 15 % to 30 % carriers). Further-more, patients with reinfection, patients within the incubation period, untreated or incompletely treated patients, and patients with a small number of microfilariae are playing important roles as reservoir hosts and disrupt the eradication of bancroftian filariasis.From this aspect, the author tried to administer 2 mg/kg diethylcarbamazine for 5 days to all the inhabitants, both microfilaria carriers and non-microfilaria carriers from a village in Amami Islands of Kagoshima Prefecture, (total dose was 10 mg/kg). Thereafter, an additional 60 mg/kg and 72 mg/kg diethylcarbamazine was administered to microfilaria carriers who were detected among them. Two years and 4 months later, the author obtained successful result in eradication. No microfilaria carriers were then found in this village.This result suggests that the administration of diethylcarbamazine to all the inhabitants in an endemic area effected treatment of reservoir carriers.
1 0 0 0 新興・再興感染症を取り巻く研究の現状
- 著者
- Suwonkerd Wannapa Prajakwong Somsak 津田 良夫 高木 正洋
- 出版者
- 日本熱帯医学会
- 雑誌
- 日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.25, no.3, pp.113-115, 1997-09-15
A field study was carried out in 2 villages of Phare Province, Thailand to evaluate effect of the residual spraying of a microcapsulated formulation of 20% fenitrothion (Sumithion 20 MC(R)) on Anopheles minimus populations. In the treatment village, houses were sprayed with 1g/m2 of fenitrothion, except for 2 houses which were selected to spray with 0.5g/m2 of fenitrothion for comparative bio-assay test. The results of bio-assay test showed that mortality of An. minimus was 100% in 1g/m2-30 miniutes until 4 months after the spray. The growth rate of An. minimus population during the first 4 months of the study period in the treatment village was lower than that in the control area. These results suggested that the residual spray of fenitrothion microcapsules at the beginning of the dry season was effective at least for 4 months after the spray and could suppress the density of An. minimus.
1 0 0 0 パラグアイ,アスンシオン市における幼児の細菌性下痢症〔英文〕
- 著者
- 一瀬 休生
- 出版者
- 日本熱帯医学会
- 雑誌
- 日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.19, no.1, pp.p39-47, 1991-03
- 被引用文献数
- 1
1 0 0 0 IR パラグアイ,アスンシオン市における幼児の細菌性下痢症
- 著者
- Ichinose Yoshio Cesar Monges A. Centurion Maria G. Medina Dorita Alborno Rose M. Bestard Juan J. Makoto Sakamoto Ricardo Moreno A.
- 出版者
- 日本熱帯医学会
- 雑誌
- 日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.19, no.1, pp.39-47, 1991-03-15
1990年5月から7月までの3カ月間,パラグアイ・アスンシオン市の医療施設において,5歳以下の下痢症例患者を対象に,下痢便の細菌学的検査を行った。53症例から34名(64.1%) に下痢原因菌を検出したが,その結果は病原性大腸菌の19株(35.8%)を筆頭に,サルモネラ8株(15.1%),毒素原性大腸菌3株(5.7%),赤痢菌とカンピロパクターがそれぞれ2株(3.8%)が検出され,このうち混合感染が3例あった。診断用抗血清による凝集試験で,病原性大腸菌では11種に型別され,O18型が最も頻度が高かった。血清学的抗原構造で毒素原性大腸菌に属するものからは,易熱性毒素(LT)は検出できなかったが,乳のみマウスによる耐熱性毒素(ST)の検査で,毒素原性大腸菌から1株が陽性を示し,病原性大腸菌も2株が陽性を示した。河川水や飲料水の細菌学的検査において,病原性大腸菌,組織侵入性大腸菌,サルモネラ,ビプリオ属などの病原菌の他に,腸内細菌科の細菌も検出された。特にパラグアイ川からは,下痢便で最優先であったものと同型の, O18型病原性大腸菌が検出されたことは,この地域住民に水系感染の危険性があることが推察された。またディスク法によって,抗生物質7種類に対する薬剤感受性試験を行ったが,同一菌種間においても,その感受性パターンは多様性を示した。パラグアイにおける細菌性下痢症の調査は,従来,サルモネラや赤痢菌などの古典的下痢症については行われてきた。しかしカンピロパクターについては,1989年において,初めて4症例の報告がなされた状況であり,腸管病原性大腸菌やピプリオ属の調査については,まったくなされていない。パラグアイでの下痢症の疫学的・病因的調査は不十分な状況であるので,この調査を機会に,今後も継続して行っていく必要性を強調したい。An etiological study of bacterial diarrhea in infants under five years of age in Paraguay from May to July of 1990 was done. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains of known serogroups were isolated from 35.8% of the patients with diarrhea, Salmonella spp. were isolated from 15.1%, enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains were isolated from 5.7%, and Shigella and Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 3.8% respectivery. No enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) or Vibrio spp. was isolated. Out of 53 diarrheal patients, 34 cases (64.1%) had bacterial diarrheal diseases. The infants under one year of age with diarrhea were predominant among inpatient and outpatient children under five years of age and the total number of male diarrheal cases was greater than that of female cases. Enteropathogenic organisms were isolated from nine out of 12 water samples taken from the Paraguay River. The major serotype (O18) of the EPEC isolated from the water samples of the Paraguay River corresponded to the major serotype isolated from patients with diarrhea.
- 著者
- 馬場 さゆみ 松本 珠美 神原 廣二 坂本 信 MALDONADO MARISEL DE ARIAS ANTONIETA ROJAS 佐谷 秀行 三森 龍之
- 出版者
- 日本熱帯医学会
- 雑誌
- 日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.27, no.3, pp.427-431, 1999-09-01
- 著者
- Takagi Masahiro Rakai Ismail M. Narayan Deo Ram Ramesh Gyan Prakash
- 出版者
- 日本熱帯医学会
- 雑誌
- 日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.18, no.2, pp.173-181, 1990-06-15
1980年から1981年にかけて,フィジーのAedes aegyptiとAe.pseudoscutellarisの発生状況と発生原因調査を,毎月定期的に実施した。多雨地域に位置する首都スパ市域と周辺の村落部,少雨地域の都市ラウトカの市域とその周辺の村落部の幼虫発生指数を検討した。発生は利用可能な容器の密度に依存すること,容器の密度は降雨量に依存することが確かめられた。降雨への依存程度は,Ae. pseudoscutellarisの方が高かった。発生容器の多寡と多様性は,地域固有の社会経済的機能,住民の生活様式,公共の公衆衛生的サービスの質に左右された。降雨量の多少に拘らず,村落部では空き缶等の小容器とドラム缶の密度が高かった。これはゴミの定期的収拾と,パイプ給水の未実施と関係がある。古タイヤは工場地帯を除けば,地域を問わずまんべんなく分布していた。自然的および人為的要因による幼虫発生容器の存在状況の違いは,両デング熱媒介蚊種が属性として示す産卵選好水域の違いを通して,両種の浸淫度の地域間差異に帰結する。ゴミを定期的に収拾する地域の拡大と古タイヤ対策が,同国におけるデング熱媒介蚊防除対策の要と考えた。A larval monitoring of dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti and Ae. pseudoscutellaris, was carried out as regularly as possible in several cities of Viti Levu, the main land of Fiji in 1981. Larval indices of both the two vector species were apparently precipitation dependent, and it was due to abundant available breeding containers. Seasonal fluctuation of those indices was more drastic in Ae. pseudoscutellaris than in Ae. aegypti. More breeding containers were found in rural area than in urban area. Performance of regular garbage collection service in urban area could reduce breeding containers for the species effectively. The variety and the density of potential containers were different in rural and urban areas. These differences were also found among industrial, commercial and residential blocks in a city, and were considered to affect species composition of the vectors.