著者

多田 功

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3SUPPLEMENT, pp.S49-S67, 2008 (Released:2008-11-10)

参考文献数

103

被引用文献数

4 5

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For a long period Japan was a country with a variety of parasites linked to the geo-climatic features of the country and agricultural modes. However national endeavors to promote parasite controls resulted in the successful elimination of those parasites by around 1970. In this short article, I briefly overview the control programs of soil-transmitted parasites, lymphatic filaria, Schistosoma japonicum and malaria, and cite some of the characteristic features and remarkable facts revealed in the course of individual control programs.

著者

山下 俊一

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2SUPPLEMENT, pp.S93-S107, 2014 (Released:2014-09-26)

被引用文献数

7

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The Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, besides further studying the appropriateness of the initial response and post-countermeasures against the severe Fukushima nuclear accident, has now increased the importance of the epidemiological study in comprehensive health risk management and radiation protection; lessons learnt from the Chernobyl accident should be also implemented. Therefore, since May 2011, Fukushima Prefecture has started the “Fukushima Health Management Survey Project” for the purpose of long-term health care administration and early diagnosis/treatment for the prefectural residents. Basic survey is under investigation on a retrospective estimation of external exposure of the first four months. As one of the four detailed surveys, the thyroid ultrasound examination has clarified the increased detection rate of childhood thyroid cancers as a screening effect in the past three years and so thyroid cancer occurrence by Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, especially due to radioactive iodine will be discussed despite of difficult challenge of accurate estimation of low dose and low-dose rate radiation exposures. Through the on-site valuable experience and a difficult challenge for recovery, we should learn the lessons from this severe and large-scale nuclear accident, especially how to countermeasure against public health emergency at the standpoint of health risk and also social risk management.

著者

山下 俊 一

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2014-S14, (Released:2014-05-24)

被引用文献数

7

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The Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, besides further studying the appropriateness of the initial response and post-countermeasures against the severe Fukushima nuclear accident, has now increased the importance of the epidemiological study in comprehensive health risk management and radiation protection; lessons learnt from the Chernobyl accident should be also implemented. Therefore, since May 2011, Fukushima Prefecture has started the “Fukushima Health Management Survey Project” for the purpose of long-term health care administration and early diagnosis/treatment for the prefectural residents. Basic survey is under investigation on a retrospective estimation of external exposure of the first four months. As one of the four detailed surveys, the thyroid ultrasound examination has clarified the increased detection rate of childhood thyroid cancers as a screening effect in the past three years and so thyroid cancer occurrence by Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, especially due to radioactive iodine will be discussed despite of difficult challenge of accurate estimation of low dose and low-dose rate radiation exposures. Through the on-site valuable experience and a difficult challenge for recovery, we should learn the lessons from this severe and large-scale nuclear accident, especially how to countermeasure against public health emergency at the standpoint of health risk and also social risk management.

著者

小森谷 武美 海老沢 功

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

熱帯 (ISSN:2186179X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.3-4, pp.147-152, 1973-03-31 (Released:2011-05-20)

参考文献数

34

著者

椿 忠雄 近藤 喜代太郎

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

熱帯医学会報 (ISSN:21861773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.66-69, 1964-05-20 (Released:2011-05-20)

参考文献数

12

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Our study of neurological disorders in Amami-Oshima Island in Eastern Chinese Sea is introduced and some neurological problems in tropical Asian-Oceanian regions are briefly reviewed in this symposium.1) Neurological study in Amami-OshimaWe studied all the inhabitants in a part of Amami-Oshima situated 129° E & 28° N, to find neurologic cases. 104 male and 98 female patients with various neurologic disorders were found among 15, 406 in habitants by means of information survey. The prevalence rate per 100, 000 were estimated 447.8 for hemiplegic state secondary to cerebrovascular accidents, 90.9 for epileptic seizure, 375.0 for mental deteriorations, 64.9 for cerebral infantile palsy, 45.4 for the Parkinsonism, suggesting no significant difference compared with those in the other parts of the world.Then we tried to find cases residing in the whole island with either primary muscle diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or diseases of recent neuroepidemiologic interest. We viewed all the in-and outpatient records for past five years at the Medical Departments in Kagoshima University and Oshima Prefectural Hospital. We confirmed 2 cases of chronic polymyositis, 4 of progressive muscular dystrophy and 1 of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Their prevalence rates are identical with those in the other parts. Besides, we encountered 10 cases of peculiar progressive muscular atrophy of neural origin affecting especially lower limbs. Though they show some similarity to Charcot-Marie's disease, they could be attributed to some endemic nutritional or toxic etiology.2) Recent neurological studies in tropical Asian-Oceanian regions.a) Multiple sclerosis is more prevalent in northerncountries in Europe and America than in southern. This parallelity is confirmed in Australia. Though MS has been believed to be quite rare in Japan, its prevalence rate is recently estimated to be 2-3 per 100, 000, far less than that in European countries. Devic's disease is found in 12.5 % of MS in Japan and in 1 % or less in Europe, suggesting racial factor as well as climatic in this demyelinating disease. MS is more common among white people than the natives in New Zealand and Fiji Islands.b) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the remarkable nervous disease called Dementia-Parkinsonism-Complex are astonishingly numerous among Chamor rosin Guamanian Islands. Their correlation is subject to many studies. Neurofibrillary change and granulovacuolar degeneration are found in a similar fashiort in both condition besides their own histological changes.c) Kuru is the unique heredodegenerative disease solely encountered in Fore tribes in the Western Highland of New Guinea. It is a sample of race specific disease of nervous system and studied from various points.d) A variety of neurological studies is now getting on in many of Asian countries. The vast reservoir of neurological diseases in the tropical regions is just beginning to be tapped, and it is likely to yield a wealth of information. On February, 1963, the Commission of Tropical Neurology in the World Federation of Neurology, had reported on the activities in Asia. It is studied neurolues in Ceylon, tuberculoma, lepra, cysticercosis and other neurological infections, postvaccinal demyelinating disease outbursted in South-Eastern Asia, Pellagra, Mn intoxication, multiple sclerosis, Wilson's disease and cerebrovascular disorders in India. It is also reported that nutritional neuropathies are studied in Malaya, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, postvaccinal demyelination in Philippines, various neurological infections in Thailand and Taiwan.

著者

Endurance A. Ophori Musa Y. Tula Azuka V. Azih Rachel Okojie Precious E. Ikpo

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2013-13, (Released:2014-04-23)

被引用文献数

2 83

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Immunization is aimed at the prevention of infectious diseases. In Nigeria, the National Programme on Immunization (NPI) suffers recurrent setbacks due to many factors including ethnicity and religious beliefs. Nigeria is made up of 36 states with its federal capital in Abuja. The country is divided into six geo-political zones; north central, north west, north east, south east, south west and south south. The population is unevenly distributed across the country. The average population density in 2006 was estimated at 150 people per square kilometres with Lagos, Anambra, Imo, Abia, and Akwa Ibom being the most densely populated states. Most of the densely populated states are found in the south east. Kano with an average density of 442 persons per square kilometre, is the most densely populated state in the northern part of the country. This study presents a review on the current immunization programme and the many challenges affecting its success in the eradication of childhood diseases in Nigeria.

著者

Nguyen Phuoc Long Nguyen Tien Huy Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang Nguyen Thien Luan Nguyen Hoang Anh Tran Diem Nghi Mai Van Hieu Kenji Hirayama Juntra Karbwang

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.3, pp.121-126, 2014 (Released:2014-09-10)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

1 5

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BACKGROUND: Ethics is one of the main pillars in the development of science. We performed a JoinPoint regression analysis to analyze the trends of ethical issue research over the past half century. The question is whether ethical issues are neglected despite their importance in modern research.METHOD: PubMed electronic library was used to retrieve publications of all fields and ethical issues. JoinPoint regression analysis was used to identify the significant time trends of publications of all fields and ethical issues, as well as the proportion of publications on ethical issues to all fields over the past half century. Annual percent changes (APC) were computed with their 95% confidence intervals, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: We found that publications of ethical issues increased during the period of 1965–1996 but slightly fell in recent years (from 1996 to 2013). When comparing the absolute number of ethics related articles (APEI) to all publications of all fields (APAF) on PubMed, the results showed that the proportion of APEI to APAF statistically increased during the periods of 1965–1974, 1974–1986, and 1986–1993, with APCs of 11.0, 2.1, and 8.8, respectively. However, the trend has gradually dropped since 1993 and shown a marked decrease from 2002 to 2013 with an annual percent change of –7.4%.CONCLUSIONS: Scientific productivity in ethical issues research on over the past half century rapidly increased during the first 30-year period but has recently been in decline. Since ethics is an important aspect of scientific research, we suggest that greater attention is needed in order to emphasize the role of ethics in modern research.

著者

Tomohiko Takasaki

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

Tropical Medicine and Health (ISSN:13488945)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.4SUPPLEMENT, pp.S13-S15, 2011 (Released:2012-04-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

16 29

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Several dengue outbreaks occurred in Japan from 1942 to 1945. Dengue fever emerged in Nagasaki in August 1942 and soon spread to other cities such as Sasebo, Hiroshima, Kobe and Osaka, recurring every summer until 1945 and constituting the greatest outbreak in the temperate zone. Domestic outbreaks have not been reported in Japan since then. However, the number of imported dengue cases has increased year by year: 868 imported cases were reported in Japan between 1999 and 2010 according to the Infectious Diseases Control Law. Moreover, 406 imported cases were confirmed to be dengue virus infection among 768 dengue suspected cases received at NIID from 2003 to 2010. A total of 142 cases (35.6%), 103 cases (25.8%) and 62 cases (15.5%) were noted in the 20–29, 30–39 and 40–49 age groups, respectively. Infecting dengue virus serotypes were determined for 280 of the 406 cases. The number of cases infected with each of the 4 serotypes was 98 (35%) with type 1, 78 (28%) with type 3, 72 (26%) with type 2, and 32 (11%) with type 4. Sixty percent of dengue cases were imported from July to October, the summer vacation season in Japan.

著者

曽 文賓

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

熱帯医学会報 (ISSN:21861773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.19-29, 1964-05-20 (Released:2011-05-20)

著者

ODA TSUTOMU SUGENAGA OSAMU ZAITSU MAKOTO MORI AKIO KUROKAWA KENJI FUJITA KOICHIRO OGAWA YASUNORI YAMAZAKI ICHIRO IIDA KUNIHIRO DOI KOUICHI MINE MARIKO KATO KATSUTOMO

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.133-137, 1995-06-25

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

3

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The positive rate of dogs with Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae among house dogs was examined for 27 years from 1968 to 1994 in the southern and northern parts of Nagasaki City. Roles of the number of the main vector, Culex plpiens pallens and of RPSS (rate of population utilizing a sewage system) were analyzed statistically in relation to the annual changes in microfilarial prevalence. In the southern and northern parts, there was a clear correlation among three parameters of the positive rate in the dogs, the number of Cx. p. pallens and RPSS. The present study proved that the decrease in the positive rate of dogs in both the southern and northern parts is mainly attributable to a decrease in the number of Cx. p. pallens. which resulted from the decrease of the breeding places of this mosquito following the spread of the public sewage system and the improvements in the use of roads and open roadside ditches.

著者

山田 誠一 山田 利津子 ホセイン モアセム 月館 説子 藤田 紘一郎

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.235-242, 2001-06-15

著者

井上 清治

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

熱帯 (ISSN:2186179X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.9, pp.12-16, 1968-04-25 (Released:2011-05-20)

著者

森下 哲夫

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

熱帯医学会報 (ISSN:21861773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.10-11, 1960-04-20 (Released:2011-05-20)

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1(3/4), 1973-12

著者

佐々 学 田中 寛 和田 芳武 利岡 静一 川井 順志 元井 悦郎 昇 善久 小熊 譲 大島 正光 池田 研二 小野 継男 松下 仁六

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

熱帯 (ISSN:2186179X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.166-174, 1971-03-20 (Released:2011-05-20)

参考文献数

12

著者

高木 健太郎

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

熱帯医学会報 (ISSN:21861773)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.5-7, 1961-07-20 (Released:2011-05-20)

著者

冨士 貞吉

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

熱帯 (ISSN:2186179X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.13, pp.44-56, 1969-07-15 (Released:2011-05-27)

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1. 可視光線, 赤外線は木質, 生理的, 病理的 (動物および人体) 組織をよく透過する。2. 生体では特に骨質, 脂肪組織をよく透過する。3. 透過力は可視線では長波寄りに, 赤外線では短波部位, すなわち近赤外線の部位に著しい。4. 局所組織においてもよく透過する。

著者

伊藤 洋一 板垣 博 テフェラ ウオンデ

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ISSN:03042146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.1-5, 1973

被引用文献数

1

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エチオピア産<I>Biomphalaria</I>属の2種の貝にエチオピア人の患者から分離したマンソン住血吸虫ミラシジウムを実験的に感染させ, その感受性を比較した。その結果, 各地から採取した<I>B. Pfeifferi rueppellii</I>では67~100%の感染率が得られたのに比し, <I>B. sudanica</I>ではわずかに9%の感染率しか得られなかった。また両種のエチオピアにおける分布状態を調査したところ, <I>B. Pfezlfferi rueppellii</I>はエチオピア全土に亘り分布しているのに比し, <I>B. sudanica</I>は南部湖水地区の一部の湖水にしかその棲息が認められなかった。<BR>これらの結果より, エチオピアにおけるマンソン住血吸虫の主要な中間宿主は<I>B. Pfezifferi rueppellii</I>であると考えられる。

著者

志麻 弘

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

熱帯 (ISSN:2186179X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.11, pp.48-53, 1968 (Released:2011-05-20)

著者

何 娜 青才 文江 文 恵聖 関谷 宗英 矢野 明彦

出版者

日本熱帯医学会

雑誌

日本熱帯医学会雑誌 (ISSN:03042146)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.59-67, 1997-06-15

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

3 6

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To explore the mechanisms of immune responses of host to <I>Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) </I> infection in pregnant mice, we evaluated roles of cytokines [interferon gamma (IFN-&gamma;), tumor necrosis factor &alpha; (TNF-&alpha;), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 4 (IL-4)] by measuring mRNAs of these cytokines in placentas, lungs and spleens. The pathogenic effects of time and duration of the Fukaya infection on cytokine mRNA levels in pregnant mice were analyzed. The abundance of mRNAs encoding these cytokines was measured by reverse transcriptase (RT) -PCR at early and late stages of pregnancy in various organs of both susceptible C57BL/6 and resistant BALB/c pregnant mice infected with <I>T. gondii.</I> IFN-&gamma; and TNF-&alpha; but not IL-6 or IL-4, were predominant in the immune responses of placentas, lungs and spleens of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice during <I>T. gondii</I> infection. Levels of IFN-&gamma; and TNF-&alpha; mRNA in placentas of early stage pregnant BALB/c mice (infected at one-week pregnancy and examined on day 4 after infection; 1W4D) were higher than those in corresponding C57BL/6 pregnant mice, which might correlate with the fact that higher parasite numbers in placentas and lungs of C57BL/6 mice (infected at one-week pregnancy and examined on day 11 after the Fukaya infection; 1W11D) were observed than those in placentas and lungs of corresponding BALB/c mice, but not correlate with the result of parasite numbers (<I>T. gondii</I> No./mg tissue) in spleens of C57BL/6 (0) and BALB/c (120&plusmn;56) pregnant mice. In the late stage of pregnancy, levels of IFN-&gamma; and TNF-a did not show definite correlations with <I>T. gondii</I> loads in placentas, lungs and spleens. These results indicate that endogenous IFN-&gamma; and TNF-a of early stage pregnancy may be essential for inhibition of <I>T. gondii</I> growth in some organs (placentas and lungs), but not in spleens, and the mechanisms of genetic influence involved in the susceptibility and resistance to acute <I>T. gondii</I> infection may include several immune responses acting together.