著者

越 光男 畑中 修二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.193, pp.163-172, 2018 (Released:2019-02-15)

参考文献数

22

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A simple model for the smoke formation in black powder combustion is developed. Smoke formation is modeled as nucleation from gas phase molecules. The precursor molecules for this nucleation process for black powder with 75 wt% of KNO3 are identified as potassium salts such, K2CO3 and K2SO4. This determination is based on the partial-equilibrium calculations in which chemical species in the condensed phase are excluded. Standard classical nucleation theory (CNT) is adopted to estimate the radius and formation rate of the critical nuclei of smoke particles. The main components of smoke from black powder are K2CO3 or K2SO4 particles, depending on the sulfur content. The predicted nucleation rates of the particles are very fast. The time variation of the averaged particle radius and volume fraction of smoke is also evaluated by solving the population valance equation (Smoluchowski equation). The volume fraction of smoke produced by black powder combustion is predicted to be of the order of 10-4. This study also investigates how ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4, AP) added to the black powder affects smoke formation, using CNT and the Smoluchowski equation. CNT predicts that the critical radius of K2CO3 and K2SO4 particles can be considerably increased by the addition of AP to black powder. This intervention could thus reduce smoke-particle formation. Although CNT predicts that no KCl particles will form because of the high vapor pressure of KCl, the Smoluchowski equation indicates that KCl particles will be produced with a large amount of added AP. Solutions of the Smoluchowski equation also indicate that the average particle diameter and volume fraction of smoke decrease if the amount of added AP is increased.

著者

佐々木 浩一 上杉 喜彦 大野 哲靖 大坂 侑吾

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.158, pp.259-267, 2009 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

23

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Recently, plasma-assisted combustion attracts much attention of many researchers as a new interdisciplinary field between combustion and plasma sciences. In this article, we describe a brief explanation of various plasmas, concepts of plasma-assisted combustion, and the research trend of plasma-assisted combustion. We also report examples of experimental investigation on plasma-assisted combustion, which have been carried out in authors' research groups.

著者

坪井 伸幸 林 光一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.174, pp.349-363, 2013 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

2

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Rotating or continuous detonation engine study is reviewed in this paper. First of all the history of rotating detonation engine study is presented and the mechanism of rotating detonation engine is discussed through the recent study. Especially how detonation front rotates in a coaxial cylindrical tube is shown through numerical analyses. Then the experimental system and application of rotating detonation engine are described from the experimental and numerical outcomes recently obtained. The future possibility of the real rotating detonation engine will be discussed at the last.

著者

田上 公俊 森吉 泰生 堀田 栄喜

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.180, pp.120-126, 2015 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

18

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Recently “plasma-assisted combustion”, especially for the use of non-equilibrium plasma for ignition has garnered interest as a new combustion technology for high efficiency and low emissions in combustors such as internal combustion engines. In this paper the focus is placed on the review of non-thermal plasma ignition and introduction of authors' recent results of this field. The ignition characteristics of non-thermal plasma are examined and compared with those of a conventional spark ignition. It is shown that a streamer discharge characterized by non-thermal plasma can ignite combustible mixtures as well as conventional thermal plasma and there are also some advantages, such as volumetric ignition and less heat loss. Through OH LIF measurement, a number of OH radical is shown to accumulate from pulse to pulse during a train of repetitive pulses, and the created radicals can initiate chemical chain reaction, which results in ignition finally.

著者

井上 智博

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.193, pp.156-162, 2018 (Released:2019-02-15)

参考文献数

21

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A traditional Japanese sparkler, called Senko-hanabi, has been popular in Japan since the Edo-period. The simple composition of only 0.1 g black powder wrapped in a twisted paper generates a residue suspended at the bottom end of the paper string, emitting light streaks similar to branched pine needles, with ever smaller ramifications. The surprising events involve an exothermic reaction with the oxygen of air, chemical reactions of metastable compounds in the melt, gas bubble nucleation and bursting, liquid ligaments and droplets formation, all occurring in the sequential fashion. These complex processes at play in fireworks have remained elusive over the centuries. In this article, we introduce the research history on the science of Senko-hanabi starting from the 19th century, originated in Europe and then took place in Japan. We show the recent progress of the detailed cascade occurring at the spark ramifications as successive droplet fragmentation, thus answering a century old question. However, there still remain essential matters, which should be clarified in the future for the full understanding of the fragile beauty.

著者

松永 猛裕

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.152, pp.100-106, 2008 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

5

著者

小池 誠 宮川 浩 鈴置 哲典 小笠原 和人

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.184, pp.99-106, 2016 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3

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Anhydrous liquid ammonia offers a considerable advantage over hydrogen in that it has a large volumetric energy density. The total amount of energy that would be expended for its production and transportation to consumers is estimated to be less than that for liquid hydrogen transportation, even if some lower heating value is lost through chemical conversion. From a storage viewpoint, the advantages of energy density would be particularly beneficial to automobiles carrying traveling energy with them. Ammonia has some attractive thermodynamic properties for internal combustion engines as well as higher ignition temperature to mitigate knocking. Although ammonia has a low flame velocity for use in internal combustion engines, an auto-thermal-cracker providing hydrogen helps the engine to run stably. A challenge in SIP program is promoting combustion to achieve as high combustion efficiency as current gasoline combustion with minimum auxiliary fuel.

著者

笠原 次郎

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.174, pp.337-348, 2013 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

96

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First of all in this paper, I show a brief history of a pulse detonation engine research. Thermodynamic analyses for detonation combustion were described, and it was shown that the thermal efficiency of the detonation combustion cycle is higher than the Brayton one. The typical pulse detonation engine operation and gasdynamics models for the simplified pulse detonation engine were illustrated. I also presented recent researches regarding heat and friction losses on a PDE tube wall. The partially-filling effect, ejector effect and nozzle effect on thrust argumentation for PDEs were introduced. As important technical issues of PDEs, I show a deflagration-to-detonation transition process control and gas supplying systems in PDEs. As recent applied researches for PDEs, an air-breathing PDE, a pulse detonation rocket engine, a pulse detonation turbine engine, a PDE thermal spray, and a micro PDE were reported. Finally a rotating detonation engine was introduced.

著者

松永 猛裕

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.193, pp.173-180, 2018 (Released:2019-02-15)

参考文献数

10

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Principles and safety of fireworks as well as the database that the authors have been opened to the public are overviewed. First, chemical substances used to make fireworks are explained. Especially, oxidizers, which are solid powders including oxygen, are focused on. The reasons why the oxidants that are currently used have been selected to make fireworks are scientifically explained. Moreover, issues related to combustible substances are explained in detail. Next, the safety of fireworks is outlined. AIST has been addressing this issue for a long time. Various types of laboratory-scale sensitivity tests, evaluation tests for the hazard of spontaneous ignition, and safe production methods are explained. Finally, in “Physical Hazard Database of Chemicals,” a database developed by the authors and opened to the public, the parts related to fireworks are introduced.

著者

金子 タカシ

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.170, pp.217-220, 2012 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1

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Octane Number is one of the most important quality of gasoline. The influence of chemical structure of gasoline components such as hydrocarbons and oxygenates on octane number is reviewed. In addition, how the chemical structure of hydrocarbons changes under petroleum refinery process is described.

著者

伊藤 昭彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.188, pp.86-93, 2017 (Released:2018-06-01)

参考文献数

8

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The expert knowledge concerning combustion phenomena is indispensable to forensic science, especially to investigate an incendiary fire. Forensic science is defined as the application of natural sciences and technological practices to the purposes of justice in the study and resolution of criminal, civil and regulation issues. However, the common sense about natural sciences in the judicial circles is sometimes far away from the scientific sense, of course without the exception of combustion science. In this paper, it is consider through the several matters of judgment related to combustion phenomena, how the scientific expert opinion should be, and how the combustion research should contribute to forensic science.

著者

窪山 達也 森吉 泰生

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.183, pp.20-26, 2016 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

20

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A low speed preignition (LSPI) is one of the critical issues in recent supercharged direct injection SI gasoline engines. LSPI is strongly demanded to be solved because knocking with high intensity which is called “super-knock” or “mega-knock” follows it, and sometimes provides severe engine damage. LSPI is occasional phenomena and is often occurs in a sequential manner intermittently including normal SI combustion cycles. Though some possible sources inducing LSPI have been found and reported, chemical and physical mechanisms of LSPI phenomena have not been cleared in detail, yet. This report reviews some studies and discussed about mechanisms of LSPI in supercharged DISI engines focusing attention on the effects of lubricant oil and its additives on LSPI and the LSPI induced by hot deposit fragments detached from the wall.

著者

十河 桜子 相墨 智 伊藤 あすか 西川 向一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.162, pp.267-274, 2010 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

2

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An outline and recent trend is described about the structure and the mechanism related to the combustion of various gas cooking appliances. Cooking appliances are classified according to the kind of heating in cooking, and it introduces the feature of the equipment in a domestic and a commercial kitchen field. In a domestic kitchen field, thermal efficiency of gas cooking stove has improved by the newly developed burner. Thermal efficiency is increased to approx. 56% from approx. 46% with the conventional type. Since 2008, all gas cooking stoves have been required to be equipped with the safety sensors to comply with safety codes and standards in Japan. Installed functions are 'overheat prevention', 'auto-gas-shutoff function in emergency' and other functions by which enables automatic cooking. In a commercial kitchen field, there are special cooking equipments at each kind of cooking. In addition, various heats such as steam are used. The installation of the low radiative cooking equipment is recommended for a comfortable commercial kitchen.

著者

秋葉 悦男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.163, pp.16-21, 2011 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

11

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Hydrogen exists as gas at ambient condition. Gaseous hydrogen has about 1/3000 of volume energy density if it is compared to gasoline. To solve this gap is one of the most serious issues to be solved before realization of the hydrogen economy. There are three realistic ways of hydrogen storage and transportation. They are compressed hydrogen, liquefied hydrogen and hydrogen storage materials. In this review, these hydrogen storage/transportation methods are explained. However, they are not competitive because every method may be utilized in various applications appropriately.

著者

早坂 洋史

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.160, pp.113-120, 2010 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

16

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One of the objectives of this paper about recent trends in fires in boreal and tropical forests is to raise reader's awareness of wilderness fires as a type of disaster mainly caused by human activity. Firstly, three global scale biomass fires occurring in savanna, tropical forest, and boreal forest areas were mainly described. Biomass fires in the three major areas were compared with using data for total vegetation area, fire area, primary production, biomass density, and fraction of biomass consumed by the fires. This comparison clearly showed several important characteristics of the three kinds of biomass fires. Then, characteristics of the three fire types of biomass were briefly described to explain the values for the fraction of biomass consumed by various biomass fires. Secondly, the effect of peat fires in Indonesia on the world environment were discussed from the global warming point of view. Finally, the starting mechanism of lightning-caused fires occurring in boreal forests was discussed by considering characteristics of dry thunderstorms.

著者

山本 和弘

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.178, pp.317-323, 2014 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

31

著者

永田 晴紀 飯島 直純 金井 竜一朗

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.170, pp.251-258, 2012 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

9

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During large scale CAMUI-type motor development, the authors frequently encountered anomalous combustion, a sudden pressure increase leading to destroy of the motor. Repeated static firing tests finally revealed that the cause of the anomalous combustion is the low initial fuel temperature. However, the mechanism responsible for the anomalous combustion is still unclear. Although a series of firing tests with a small combustor could not reproduce the anomalous combustion successfully, results showed a clear correlation between the initial fuel temperature and chamber pressure overshoot; chamber pressure overshoot does not occur when the fuel temperature is above the Leidenfrost point. From this result, the authors offer a hypothesis that the low fuel temperature below the Leidenfrost point enhanced heat transfer from the fuel to liquid oxygen and caused local blowoff. Accumulation of combustible mixture follows the blowoff and may cause the anomalous combustion. A possible reason why the firing tests could not reproduce the anomalous combustion is that Damkohler number in the combustion chamber was larger than those in the large-scale CAMUI-type motors. A preliminary experiment showed that the small combustor could reproduce the anomalous combustion by decreasing the Damkohler number in the combustion chamber. Detailed experimental study will follow the preliminary experiment to clarify the mechanism of the anomalous combustion.

著者

中村 祐二 松岡 常吉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.192, pp.75-82, 2018 (Released:2019-02-15)

参考文献数

16

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Resonance behavior of twin flickering (non-premixed) flames at various separation distances horizontally is examined and two oscillation modes (in-phase and anti-phase) are clearly identified depending on the distance. Our ultimate goal is to develop the acceptable mathematical model to explain such resonance behavior. There has been proposed “radiation-basis” mathematical model by physics-oriented researchers, claiming that the radiation is a primary factor to give an anti-phase mode. Our recent experimental and numerical studies, on the other hand, suggest that the radiation may not be the essential factor, rather, fluid dynamical motion shall be a key factor to cause the mode transition. Potential strategy to upgrade the mathematical model are proposed. Taking a “mathematical-scientific” approach to combustion problem is typical inter-disciplinary issue and productive interaction between physicists and combustion researchers is found to be highly recommended to develop further.

著者

石井 一洋

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.174, pp.329-336, 2013 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

47

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Generally combustion of premixed mixtures is divided into two modes; deflagration and detonation. These two modes have completely different properties and can be easily distinguished from their travelling speed and propagation mechanism. If a mixture is ignited by a weak ignition source, a deflagration wave is obtained. Under appropriate conditions, a deflagration wave accelerates, resulting in an abrupt transition into a detonation wave. This type of detonation initiation is referred to as deflagration to detonation transition, DDT. In this paper, one-dimensional depiction of DDT phenomena is made, which is followed by the milestone visualization of onset of detonation by Urtiew and Oppenheim. Some reviews are focused on DDT in a smoothed tube and in an obstacle laden tube, including recent progress in these fields. Mechanism of detonation initiation is mentioned on the basis of new findings in numerical works.

著者

山崎 由大 金子 成彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本燃焼学会

雑誌

日本燃焼学会誌 (ISSN:13471864)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.150, pp.236-245, 2007 (Released:2018-03-20)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

2