著者
滝口 雄太
出版者
東洋大学大学院
雑誌
東洋大学大学院紀要 = Bulletin of the Graduate School, Toyo University (ISSN:02890445)
巻号頁・発行日
no.55, pp.31-49, 2019-03

特殊詐欺における被害は非常に問題視されており,効果的な対策が早急に求められている。被害者の大半が高齢者であり,被害を食い止めていくためには,なぜ被害に遭ってしまうのかを正確に理解する必要がある。そこで,本研究では,高齢者を対象にして,高齢者を取り巻く環境,心理的要因,そして,詐欺対策として役立つ知識の獲得状況について探索的に把握し,被害の遭いやすさの見積もり(脆弱性の認知)への影響を明らかにすることを目的とした。高齢者施設に通う99名に質問紙調査を実施した。単純集計を行った結果,「オレオレ詐欺」は広く認知されていたが,他の詐欺や犯行手口はあまり知られていなかったことが示された。また,脆弱性の認知に関して,8割の高齢者が被害には遭わないだろうと考えていることも明らかになった。さらに,騙されてしまうことの要因のひとつとして,疑い深さを比較したところ,脆弱性の高い男性は他者に対する疑い深さが高かった。最後に,脆弱性の認知を従属変数とした重回帰分析を行った結果,女性の高齢者においてのみ,家族の有無と年齢が影響を及ぼしていた。すなわち,家族がいると,脆弱性が有意に低くなるが,年齢が高まると脆弱性は高くなる傾向が見られた。しかし,一般的疑わしさ尺度の下位因子はいずれも有意な影響を及ぼしてはいなかった。

1 0 0 0 OA 神話論の位相

著者
山村 満衛
出版者
東洋大学大学院
雑誌
東洋大学大学院紀要 = Bulletin of the Graduate School, Toyo University (ISSN:02890445)
巻号頁・発行日
no.54, pp.15-26, 2017

Lévi-Strauss’s “Mythologiques”is exactly a consideration of “Primitive Thinking”.“Primitive Thinking”, or, “The Savage Mind” is the thought of people without writing.The thought of people without writing, has been interpreted in two different fashions.The first way was consider such thinking as of a somewhat coarser quality, and the example is the work of Malinowski. Malinowski was that the thought of people he was studying was,and generally speaking the thought of all the populations without writing which are the subject matter of anthropology was entirely, or is, determined by basic needs of life. If we know that a people, whoever, they are is determined by the bare necessities of living ―finding subsistence, satisfying the sexual drives, and so on ― the we can explain their social institution, their beliefs, their mythology, and the like. This very widespread conception generally goes under the name of functionalism.The other fashion is not so much that theirs is an inferior kind of thought, but a fundamentally different kind of thought. This approach is exemplified by the work of Lévy-Bruhl, who considered that the basic difference between “primitive thought” and modern thought is that the first is entirely determined by emotion and mystic representations. Whereas Malinowski’s is a utilitarian conception, the other is an emotional or affective conception;and what Lévi-Strauss tried to emphasize is that actually the thought of people without writing is, or can be in many instances, on the one hand, disinterested ―and, on the other hand, intellectual ― a difference in relation to Lévy-Bruhl. The theme of “Mythologiques”is to explain how peoples produce “Primitive Thinking” Based on the recognition that there is no society that does not cook food so that the world without words can not exist, we will develop discussions mainly on the subject of cooking. “The culinary triangle” summarizes propositions throughout “Mythologiques” It is pointed out that the conflict relationship of <nature/culture> arising from the difference between “RAW” and “ROTTEN” is deeply rooted in society, life, and religion. The principle is that it also regulates the internal order of the world.