著者
吉岡 早希 Saki YOSHIOKA
出版者
東洋英和女学院大学大学院
雑誌
東洋英和大学院紀要 (ISSN:13497715)
巻号頁・発行日
no.10, pp.95-111, 2014

This paper describes cross-sectoral dialogues concerning history textbook revisions aimed at promoting a common historical awareness in the European Union and examines the ways in which this process has affected European integration. Initiated as a mutual assessment of textbooks in the inter-war period aimed at preventing prejudice against other European states, history textbook dialogues eventually evolved into arguments about the history education of citizens of the European community and the multilateral community in the post Cold War aimed at fostering collaborative development. By analyzing previous research and official activity reports of the respective actors involved in the process, including Germany, France, Poland, the Council of Europe, UNESCO, the Georg-Eckert Institute, and EUROCLIO, this study demonstrates the limitations of the activities aimed at enhancing a common historical awareness. This research suggests that existing difficulties and obstacles need to be overcome before history textbook dialogues can make possible the establishment of mutual understanding among the European states. It concludes that continuous observation and further study are required
著者
根岸 隆
出版者
東洋英和女学院大学
雑誌
東洋英和大学院紀要 (ISSN:13497715)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, pp.1-12, 2005-04-01

We defended Marshall from modern economic theorists' false accusation that he forgot producers' surplus in his proposition of the tax-subsidy scheme. After due attention is paid to Brahmananda's pioneering contribution, we argued, firstly, that Marshall did not forget producers' surplus but merely considered the case of no producers' surplus, in view of his distinction between the supply curve and the particular expenses curve and the long-run nature of the equilibrium considered. In addition to this purely theoretical vindication (rational reconstruction), we argued further more, from the view point of the history of economic thought, that Marshall did not forget producers' surplus in The Pure Theory, which was aimed at specialist readers, but deliberately assumed it away in Principles, which was aimed at more general readers. Finally, in view of the recent rapid development of the theoretical and applied general equilibrmm theory, we emphasize the role of Marshallian particular equilibrium analysis as a heuristic method.
著者
アマン 礼子
出版者
東洋英和女学院大学大学院
雑誌
東洋英和大学院紀要 (ISSN:13497715)
巻号頁・発行日
no.8, pp.71-94, 2012

The purpose of this paper is to study ways of attracting foreign tourists as a means of improving the worldwide standing of Japan and the Japanese people. Future activities and possible improvements are a main aspect of the paper. While focusing on the attraction of tourists from Europe, a comparison between the cities of Bath (United Kingdom) and Kamakura (Japan) will serve as a case study. With international tourism booming in recent years, a study from 2009 ranked the number of Japanese travelling abroad as 15th worldwide, while the number of foreigners travelling to Japan occupied 28th place. These figures imply that, although recognized as an advanced country, Japan might be regarded as an under-developed country in respect to tourism. By contrast, although the United Kingdom is similar to Japan in being an island nation, it has developed unique strategies for attracting foreign tourists and, as a result, ranks 6th worldwide. British tourism policies date back to the 1980s, when the promotion of tourism and environmental protection were already equally developed as core policies on a national level. Accordingly British tourism policies can provide significant implications for tourism policies in Japan. The city of Bath shares with Kamakura characteristics such as its location from main cities and its abundance of sightseeing resources. However, it can also be seen as a forerunner among World Heritage cities - a status Kamakura is still seeking. Moreover, 93% of Bath's residents support tourism and cooperate in fostering the city's tourist development together with the local administration. By contrast, a survey conducted by the author revealed that only 44% of Kamakura residents support tourism. Hence in order to develop Kamakura into an international tourist city, Bath serves as an excellent benchmark example. The author conducted a survey among 65 residents of Switzerland on the topic of hospitality and Japanese culture. The results of the survey are used to highlight the weak points of Japanese hospitality and to suggest hints for further improvement. Moreover, they show the effectiveness of using keywords such as "Japanese culture" and "Japanese Culture Experience Tourism" in order to attract and increase the number of tourists from Europe to Japan.
著者
三上 章 Akira MIKAMI
出版者
東洋英和女学院大学大学院
雑誌
東洋英和大学院紀要 (ISSN:13497715)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.1-19, 2013-03-15

This article aims to clarify how Platonism functioned in the thinking of John Smith in his theological and philosophical work, A Discourse Concerning the True Way or Method of Attaining to Divine Knowledge. Smith's Platonism consists not so much in a legalistic and petrified ideology as in incessant motion and ascent, driven by the love of wisdom and the ultimate truth. This basic mentality is reflected in Smith's understandings of "innate ideas" as being by nature resident within everyone's soul and making it possible to know God, of "Divinity" or "Theology" as "a Divine life" rather than "a Divine science," of the seat and place where the divine truth lies as having to be sought within man's soul, not outside of man, of the purification of man's soul as a prerequisite for attaining to divine knowledge, of warning against premature judgments in order not to fall into errors of dogmatism and fanaticism, and of the way of virtue as the formation of virtue and goodness within man's soul, a true living sense of them, and the vision of God with the eyes of a purified intellect (nous). Smith elucidates the ascents to divine knowledge in accordance with the explanation of the Stoic Platonist Epictetus. He shows that a man's soul progresses step by step to the upper dimensions ofcontemplating the truth in parallel with the degrees of the purification of the soul. Ascents start from the stage of an obscure opinion (doxa) to the stage of a more distinct opinion, then proceed to the lower level of science (episte-me-), and ultimately attain to divine knowledge. This is the way upward which is to be trodden by "the true and sober Christian who lives in Him who is Life itself, and is enlightened by Him who is the Truth itself, and is made partaker of the DivineUnction, and knoweth all things." This was nothing other than the way that John Smith, Platonist Christian, trod and that took him to the home above.
著者
三上 章 Akira MIKAMI
出版者
東洋英和女学院大学大学院
雑誌
東洋英和大学院紀要 (ISSN:13497715)
巻号頁・発行日
no.9, pp.1-19, 2013

This article aims to clarify how Platonism functioned in the thinking of John Smith in his theological and philosophical work, A Discourse Concerning the True Way or Method of Attaining to Divine Knowledge. Smith's Platonism consists not so much in a legalistic and petrified ideology as in incessant motion and ascent, driven by the love of wisdom and the ultimate truth. This basic mentality is reflected in Smith's understandings of "innate ideas" as being by nature resident within everyone's soul and making it possible to know God, of "Divinity" or "Theology" as "a Divine life" rather than "a Divine science," of the seat and place where the divine truth lies as having to be sought within man's soul, not outside of man, of the purification of man's soul as a prerequisite for attaining to divine knowledge, of warning against premature judgments in order not to fall into errors of dogmatism and fanaticism, and of the way of virtue as the formation of virtue and goodness within man's soul, a true living sense of them, and the vision of God with the eyes of a purified intellect (nous). Smith elucidates the ascents to divine knowledge in accordance with the explanation of the Stoic Platonist Epictetus. He shows that a man's soul progresses step by step to the upper dimensions ofcontemplating the truth in parallel with the degrees of the purification of the soul. Ascents start from the stage of an obscure opinion (doxa) to the stage of a more distinct opinion, then proceed to the lower level of science (episte-me-), and ultimately attain to divine knowledge. This is the way upward which is to be trodden by "the true and sober Christian who lives in Him who is Life itself, and is enlightened by Him who is the Truth itself, and is made partaker of the DivineUnction, and knoweth all things." This was nothing other than the way that John Smith, Platonist Christian, trod and that took him to the home above.
著者
平山 正実
出版者
東洋英和女学院大学
雑誌
東洋英和大学院紀要 (ISSN:13497715)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, pp.25-42, 2005-04-01

While looking into the life history of Elisabeth Kubler Ross I studied her view of life and death. In particular, I paid attention to the view presented in her maiden work titled "The Moment of Death" (1969) in which she wrote : "patients are led to their deaths by following five steps of psychological processes". Paying special attention to this theory, I used her autobiography as my references to find out how her view on life and death was reflected in her biography and I made an analytic study at it. Additionally, I focused on her anger at death and acceptance of death and compared her view with that of Job, a man of righteousness described in the Old Testament. In this way. I clarified the points of similarities and differences between the two and sought for a way in which people living the modem age may accept their own illnesses and death.