著者

岡田 清

出版者

日本粘土学会

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, 2012-03-30

著者

田崎 和江

出版者

日本粘土学会

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, 1995-12-28

被引用文献数

1

著者

河野 元治

出版者

The Clay Science Society of Japan

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.197-211, 2001-02-28 (Released:2011-09-20)

参考文献数

8

著者

林 武志

出版者

The Clay Science Society of Japan

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.105-115, 1978-09-25 (Released:2011-09-20)

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Clay has played an important role in the refractories industry because of its special properties such as favorable plasticity, good sinterability and low cost. An outline of fire clay refractories and the features of clays are mentioned in this paper.The principal chemical composition of clays is silica, alumina and water, and these consist mineralogically of kaoline mineral and quartz. Clays also contain impurities, for example iron oxide, potassium oxide, and sodium oxide, and therefore also contain feldspar, sericite and pyrophyllite.In industrial ceramics, clays are used two ways. One way is the dead burning of clays which is used for large grog or refractory grain particles in fire clay refractories. The process requires special properties such as high density and high temperature stability. In the second way, clays are used for binder for which it is necessary to have favorable plasticity.Fire clay refractories are composed of refractory grain particles of burned clay and binder clay, their properties are decided by the raw materials and heat treatment used.The chemical composition of fire clay refractories are silica, alumina and accessary components which are the same as clays, and these mineralogically consist of mullite, cristobalite and a glass phase.This fact suggests that the kinds and quantity of impurity contained in the formation of cristobalite give a marked effect on the shrinkage, tightening and the spalling of a ceramic body.Damage in fire clay refractories can be observed during service in the following cases; 1) presence of impurities which cause the formation of glass, 2) thermal expansion spalling due to the presence of cristobalite, 3) alkali attack in the blast furnace, 4) bloating phenomena in the ladle.

著者

永田 洋

出版者

一般社団法人 日本粘土学会

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.61, 2019-08-30 (Released:2019-09-03)

著者

北川 隆司

出版者

The Clay Science Society of Japan

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.37-44, 1999-06-30 (Released:2011-09-20)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

3

著者

佐伯 和利

出版者

日本粘土学会

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.2, pp.90-94, 2006-03-06

被引用文献数

5

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In order to understand the adsorptive selectivities of heavy metal species on constituents of soil, adsorptions of heavy metal ions (Cd^<2+>, Co^<2+>, Cu^<2+>, Ni^<2+>, Pb^<2+> and Zn^<2+>) on a variable charge material, silica which have a surface functional group, Si-OH, were investigated as a function of the solution pH,. The comparative sorption study with Ca^<2+> were also carried out in the similar manners. The adsorptive affinities of the divalent metal ions on silica were numbered with intrinsic surface complexation constants (K_m^1 (int)) calculated approximately from the adsorptive data using a constant capacitance model. Experiments of Cd and Pb adsorptions were carried out in a 0.1 mol L^<-1> (M) NaNO_3 background solution because a chemical speciation model, SOILCHEM estimated that each proportion of free ions of the metals would be low in a 0.1 M NaCl background solution. The other metal's adsorption experiments used a 0.1 M NaCl background solution. The higher pH the suspension raised, the more heavy metal ions were adsorbed. The adsorptions of the heavy metals increased rapidly from 0 to 100% in narrow pH range (about 2 pH units). The heavy metal ions differed from Ca^<2+> in their great adsorptions at higher pH. Judging from the K_m^1 (int) of each divalent metal ion, the selective order for the metal adsorption by silica was Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > Cd > Co >> Ca. In addition of the data for Fe^<2+> and Mn^<2+> in my previous study (Saeki, 2004), the order of the nine metals was Pb > Cu > Fe > Zn > Ni > Cd > Mn > Co >> Ca.

著者

太田 俊一

出版者

日本粘土学会

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.31-36, 2004-05-26

著者

湊 秀夫

出版者

日本粘土学会

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, 1993-12-30

著者

大森 啓一 岡田 広吉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本粘土学会

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.40-50, 1978-06-25 (Released:2011-09-20)

参考文献数

9

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An old castle named Tagajo was founded between the 8th and 11th Centuries in Miyage Prefecture, Japan. Roofing tiles were unearthed from the ruins of castle and old oven, which were studied by mineralogical methods.Roofing tiles used in the study were classified from archaeology into two groups, one of which was the I era tiles and the other the II, III and IV era tiles. Every tiles were 12 to 34mm in thickness. The I tiles were homogeneous with light dark color and the others inhomogeneous roughly with ashy color. In every tiles many porphyritic quartz crystals were found in association with plagioclase, hornblende, augite and magnetite under a microscope. Their groundmasses consisted of quartz and glassy materials.Textures were found to be fluidal, banded and microfolded in the I tiles, and were more notable than those of the II to IV tiles. From X-ray diffraction patterns the presence of quartz, plagioclase, cristobalite and mullite was detected. From chemical analyses all compositions concentrated on a small area centered at 70% SiO2, 20% Al203 and 10% the others in the triangle phase diagram. Refractorinesses of every tiles were found to be under SK 26. Water absorptions of these tiles satisfies a requirement of the JIS standard for roofing tiles.From these results it was found that the fired temperatures were between 1, 000° and 1, 200°C and the techniques making roofing tiles progressed from the I era to the II to IV eras.

著者

太田 俊一 中沢 弘基

出版者

日本粘土学会

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.3, 1995-12-28

著者

万福 裕造 八田 珠郎 矢板 毅 佐藤 努

出版者

一般社団法人 日本粘土学会

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2-3, pp.28-40, 2017-12-25 (Released:2018-01-15)

参考文献数

26

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In this study, we examined the mineralogical and chemical properties of the 11 soils weathered from different rock-types and Kanto loam, and their properties after heat treatment at 1550°C.The constituent mineral of the weathered soils does not necessarily reflect the mineral and chemical compositions of the host rock. The sum of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 in the weathered soil shares a considerable ratio as weathered materials while it's not necessarily reflect the chemical composition of the base material rock.With heat treatment of the 11 weathered soils and Kanto loam at 1550°C, the considerable weight loss and phase change was observed. The minerals produced after heating at 1550°C were mullite, cristobalite, hematite. While cristobalite is formed from all soils, mullite and hematite were existed after limited soil treatment. From this chemical weathering index (WI), the formation of mullite from the soil where the weathering is considerably advanced was clarified.The correlation between the formation of hematite and WI is not clear, but the dependence of the content of Fe2O3 is considered. After the heat treatment, significant weight loss was observed in the soils containing large amount of Fe2O3, weathered from andesite, basalt, gabbros, serpentinite, limestone as base materials and Kanto loam. It is thought that it depends on the difference of the content of clay minerals, the dehydration due to the change of clay minerals etc., and the reduction of iron (III) oxide. The basic data obtained in this study are considered to be important for future direction toward the heat treatment and volume reduction of the actual radioactive Cs-contaminated soil in Fukushima Prefecture.

著者

長沢 敬之助

出版者

The Clay Science Society of Japan

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.53-61, 1987-06-10 (Released:2011-09-20)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

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Geology and mineralogy of kaolin deposits and kaolinitic clay deposits are reviewed. They are classified as follows.1. Deposits of primary kaolin1.1 Deposits of combined hydrothermal-weathering origin1.2 Residual deposits mainly formed by tropical weathering1.3 Solfataric deposits formed by shallow hydrothermal action2. Deposits accompanied by sandy sediments2.1 Sedimentary kaolin deposits2.2 Kaolinitic sand with kaolinization either before or after sedimentation3. Kaolinitic clay deposits accompanied by coal or lignite3.1 Ball clay, i. e., plastic carbonaceous clay3.2 Fireclay including high-alumina fireclay and flint clay3.3 Tonstein and allied clay of volcanic-ash origin

著者

中井 信 吉永 長則

出版者

The Clay Science Society of Japan

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.153-161, 1987-09-05 (Released:2011-09-20)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2

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Dissolution of various crystalline clay minerals and soil clays by hot acid oxalate treatment was assessed by the procedure of difference infrared absorption spectroscopy. The treatment dissolved lepidocrocite and vermiculite seriously, but partly hematite, goethite, kaolinite, halloysite (geological origin), montmorillonite and illite. Although halloysite from weathered pumice deposit may contain some amount of allophanic material, the difference infrared spectrum showed clearly the dissolution of a fair amount of the mineral. This specimen may be lower in “crystallinity” and, so, more susceptible to the treatment than that of geological origin. Relatively high value of weight loss for chlorite was ascribed to the dissolution of accessary minerals, such as vermiculite and halloysite. Severe dissolution of vermiculite may be due partly to that the mineral sample was tri-octahedral type.The difference infrared spectrum of limestone-derived soil clay showed the dissolution of the crystalline components, such as vermiculite and halloysite. On the other hand, the ash-derived soil clays showed almost complete dissolution of allophane and imogolite which were present as the principal components.All the above results point to that the acid oxalate treatment can never be selective for non and poorly crystalline clay materials, but dissolves the crystalline minerals considerably although the extent the dissolution depends on the kind or type of minerals. This should be taken into account particularly when the soil clays containing much crystalline minerals are examined by the selective dissolution technique with acid oxalate.

著者

石井 卓 中島 均 三谷 泰浩

出版者

The Clay Science Society of Japan

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.4, pp.210-223, 1996-03-31 (Released:2011-09-20)

参考文献数

24

著者

松田 宗明

出版者

The Clay Science Society of Japan

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.3, pp.122-129, 2000-03-15 (Released:2011-09-20)

参考文献数

12

著者

杉浦 精治

出版者

The Clay Science Society of Japan

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.4, pp.136-139, 1983-12-20 (Released:2011-09-20)

参考文献数

12

著者

中川 昌治 中本 順子 吉原 俊昭

出版者

The Clay Science Society of Japan

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.1-14, 1995-07-28 (Released:2011-09-20)

参考文献数

31

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Mineral parageneses and mineralogical properties of quartz and NH4-bearing sericite at the Izumiyama pottery stone deposit, Saga Prefecture, have been examined. The deposit was formed by hydrothermal alteration of a rhyolite intrusion. The deposit can be divided into four zones: 1) the sericite zone with sericite vein, 2) the sericite-kaolinite zone, 3) the weakly altered zone (I) and 4) the weakly altered zone (II), from the center to the outer of the alteration area. The typical Izumiyama ore of the sericite zone is composed mainly of quartz and sericite. The sericite-kaolinite zone consists of quartz, sericite and kaolinite. The weakly alterd zone (I) contains residual orthoclase. The weakly altered zone (II) contains residual sanidine and small amounts of mica/smectite with 20-50% smectite layers. Buddingtonite is also contained in some ores of the weakly altered zones.X-ray diffraction peaks of the quartz are broad. The cell dimensions are considerably large with a=4.9147-4.9153Å and c=5.4054-5.4058Å at 18°C. The high-low inversion peak in the DTA curve is broad and the peak temperature is 10-14°C lower than that of standard quartz. The quartz sample in the center of the hydrothermal alteration has smaller cell dimensions and higher inversion temperature than the sample in the outer alteration zone.Sericite in the inner two zones is mica with a little amount of smectite layer (0-5%). On the other hand, sericite in the weakly altered zone (I) is irregularly interstratified mica/smectite with 5-15% smectite layers, and the crystallite size is thinner than that in the inner zones. Basal spacing of sericite ranges from 10.063 to 10.174Å due to the extent of NH4 incorporation in the interlayer site. Sericites having high content of interlayer NH4 occur in the weakly altered zone (I), where buddingtonite is the main coexisting mineral. The distribution patterns of these NH4-bearing minerals suggest that the enrichment of NH4 in the Izumiyama pottery stone is a result of the interaction between the hydrothermal solution and sedimentary xenoliths in original rhyolite.

著者

加藤 忠蔵

出版者

The Clay Science Society of Japan

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.118-128, 1989-11-25 (Released:2011-09-20)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3

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The condition of the adsorbed water, the interlayer water and the constitution water of clay minerals are introduced in outline in the review. The volume and the dehydration temperature of the interlayer water vary by a kind of the exchangeable cation. Also the interlayer water is put in good order and the condition is different from the ordinary liquid water. The interlayer distance shrinks at about-40°C and the interlayer water in this state looks like the same H2O as one of the orderly arrangement under high pressure.The clay minerals rehydrate immidiately after the constitution water is dehydrated at 550°C-750°C. The dehydration temperature of the rehydrated water is about 550°C and lowered than the primary dehydration temperature. The rehydrated water is different from the original OH and appears as zeolitic water which is catched in the hole of dehydrated OH. But the constitution water is restored as lattice OH by a strong hydrothermal treatment. The constitution water is broken with the destruction of the octahedral layer by acid treatment and also by strong consecutive grinding. These facts are comfirmed by analyses of DTA, X-ray analysis and IR etc.

著者

下田 右

出版者

The Clay Science Society of Japan

雑誌

粘土科学 (ISSN:04706455)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.4, pp.174-187, 1971-12-25 (Released:2011-09-20)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

4