著者

北村 信也 宮村 紘 磯辺 隆一 福岡 功博 平居 正純

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.4, 1982-03-05

著者

多賀谷 正義

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.8, pp.730-753, 1938-08-25

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In the previous reports the corrosion tests of many kinds of cast iron having various compositions and structures were carried out, and determined that the corrosion amount in a dilute nitric acid solution (0.5 N) is very small with the gray cast irons these contain free ferrite or greater amount of sulphide in pearlite matrix, this kind of gray cast iron evolves a pretty amount of gas in such a dilute nitric acid while the gray cast irons of pearlite matrix do not evolve any gas in the nitric acid solution of the same concentration. Then the rate of evolution of gas was measured and the chemical composition of the gases were determined. The gases evolve always periodically and greater part of them are hydrogen. From this fact and other experimental results, the writer concluded as following. In a dilute nitric acid gray cast iron first evolves hydrogen as a result of the electrolytic action caused by graphite (Cathode) and ferrite (Anode) while the ferrite is anodically oxidized and temporarilly brought to passive state, so that the dissolution ceases. In the next stage the passive state is destroyed by the acid and direct reaction between iron and nitric acid takes place, in this stage ferrite is severely attacked but non gas is evolved and instead of hydrogen ammonia and hydroxylamine these are soluble in the solution or complex iron salt are formed. In the 3rd stage hydrogen is evolved again by electrolytic action as the former case. These changes are repeated periodically in the progress of dissolution of gray cast iron in a dilute nitric acid. In another experiment the electrode potentials of various structural constituents of gray cast iron were measured in a normal ferrous chloride solution against the normal calomel electrode at 30℃. The results are as following ; graphite cathodically treated in 1N hydrochloric +0.2750^u, Fe_aC -0.2357^u, Fe_3P -0.2971^u, MnS 0^u, FeS -0.3600^u, [60% MnS+40% FeS] (solid solution) -0.4407^u. Also the E. M. F. of galvanic cells consist of ferrite and one of these constituents were measured in 0.5N hydrochloric acid solution at 30℃, and the following results were obtained ; graphite^+-ferrite^- 0.9810^u, graphite^+-ferrite^- (containing 0.34% Cu) 0.9535^u, Fe_3C^+-ferrite^- 0.3508^u, Fe_3C^+-ferrite^- (containing 0.34% Cu) 0.3064^u, Fe_3P^+-ferrite^- 0.2100^u, [MnS+FeS]^+-ferrite^- 0.3260^u. In the 1st and 2nd report the writer concluded that gray cast iron dissolves in a dilute hydrochloric acid mainly with the electrolytic reaction caused by local galvanic cells consist of ferrite and graphite or other noble constituents. These present experimental results gree with the former results of corrosion test as described in the previous reports.

著者

毛利 良一 寺門 良二 樋口 紀生 大木 孝 中島 浩衛 新橋 一郎

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.13, 1983-09-03

著者

周 世栄 村上 敬宜 福島 良博 ベレッタ ステファノ

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.12, pp.748-755, 2001-12

被引用文献数

2

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It is well known that the scatter of fatigue strength of high strength steels is caused by nonmetallic inclusions. The lower bound of the scatter of fatigue strength can be predicted by considering the maximum size of nonmetallic inclusions. Thus, it is of practical importance to estimate the maximum size of nonmetallic inclusions by appropriate inclusion rating methods. Most rational and convenient method to predict the maximum size of inclusions is the one based on the statistics of extremes. Therefore, recently the inclusion rating based on the statistics of extremes has been used by many industries, though the rating methods are mostly two-dimensional (2D) optical methods. It is known that the accuracy of the 2D method is lower than the exact 3D method. In addition, when multiple type inclusions having different chemical composition are contained in a material, the statistics of extremes distribution does not necessarily become a single straight line but become a bilinear line. The objectives of the present study are (1) to clarify the validity of the 2D method and (2) to establish the method to predict the maximum inclusion size when the statistics extremes distribution becomes bilinear. The results obtained show that the 2D method is basically correct as predicted by the computer simulation. When a bilinear distribution is obtained, it is necessary to determine the minimum inspection area S_<crit> for predicting the maximum size of the larger type inclusions, which become the fatigue fracture origins of components.

著者

加藤 健三

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.6, 1982-04-01

著者

江藤 学

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.3, pp.N176-N177, 1993-03-01

著者

堀川 一男

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.7, pp.705-715, 1953-07-25

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As a high-tensile steel sheet for ship-building a Mn bearing low alloy steel like DS was hitherto used, but since electric arc welding became widely applied for the purpose of saving weight and labor, high tensile steel of superior weldability has been in demand. This study was made by the Japanese Navy technical staffs during the World War II. Eleven kinds of steel regarded as being suitable for welding were selected with reference to the Japanese and foreign technical literatures. Thirteen kinds of steel in all including DS and HT selected for comparison with these steels were melted with a high frequency furnace and then rolled into sheets of 12mm width. The mechanical properties, weldability and strength of butt-welded joint of these experimentally manufactured steel sheets were tested. As a result of tests, it was confirmed that DS and HT hitherto used had quite inferior weldability, while Si-Mn steel showed the most excellent properties. In view of the test results and from the standpoint of mass production and domestic natural resources, the standard of the components of steel experimetally manufactured by an O.H. furnace was determined as follows : C 0.15&acd;0.20%, Si 0.3&acd;0.7% and Mn 0.9&acd;1.2%. Eight charges were melted, poured into 6&acd;18t ingots and rolled into 12&acd;22 mm wide sheets in the Kure Naval Arsenal and Yawata Iron Works. Several types were performed on these experimentally manufactured sheets, and they showed generally satisfactory results. Mechanical properties of these sheets were as follows : Yield point 32&acd;43 kg/mm^2, tensile strength 52&acd;60 kg/mm^2, elongation 23&acd;32% (G.L.=200 mm) Trial use of these sheets for construction of submarines with an application of welding showed excellent results without causing any defects.

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.4, pp.N184-N185, 1995-04-01

著者

田川 舜朗 小野 弘路 多鹿 洋

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, 1981-03-05

著者

佐々木 直彦 桃野 正

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.12, pp.792-798, 2007-12-01

被引用文献数

1 3

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The Japanese sword has excellent strength-toughness balance given by two traditional processes. One process is compounding of inner tough iron and outer strong steel. And the other process is cooling-rate control quenching by using thickness of clay-coating before quenching. However, it is a precondition for acquiring high strength-toughness that carbon content of sword parts are regulated in proper quantities. Carbon content of sword parts is very important and controlled under forging process which contains TSUMI-WAKASHI (forge-welding piled steel chips) work and fold-forging. Therefore, changes in carbon content of TAMA-HAGANE steels and carbon steels under traditional forging process were investigated in this study. Changes in carbon content depended on enclosing decarburized or carburized surface in steel as forge-weld interface. Total changes in carbon content were proportional to total layers of included surface in steel. Changes in carbon content per one forge-welded layer. "d (mass%/layer)" was ruled by carbon content of raw materials "C_0 (mass%)". When C_0 is over 0.2 mass%, carbon content of forged steel is decreasing and the more C_0, the more |d|. C_0 is under 0.2 mass%, carbon content is increasing. The mass of forged steels is 4% increasing per one fold-forging cycle, but d is not affected by changes in mass of them.

著者

Makita Soji

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.187-200, 1929-03-25

著者

渡辺 ともみ

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.1, pp.108-115, 2005-01-01

参考文献数

34

---

The traditional steel manufacturing (Tatara) of Japan which developed in the early modern times fell into the decline in the Meiji Period on the other hand, because it is being made by reducing iron sand with charcoal, the amount of phosphorus and sulfur of Tatara iron is low Therefore it was adopted as a raw material of the alloy steel at Naval Arsenal of the Meiji latter period The purpose of the main subject is to explain that process The quality which the navy demanded was limited to the speck of the low phosphorus Then, the navy never tried to admit the cost which corresponded with that quality The makers of Tatara iron had efforts to cope with a naval requirement But, they had to give up their Tatara business suddenly That was because naval warship manufacture stopped observing Washington disarmament treaty They advanced all together to charcoal industry after that

著者

飯塚 元彦 梶川 脩二 金井 一男 中村 博巳

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.11, 1979-09-05

著者

貴堂 高徳 辻川 茂男

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.8, pp.1332-1337, 1989-08-01

被引用文献数

1

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Critical conditions to repassivate growing crevice corrosion in terms of electrode potential, E_R, temperature, T_R, and NaCl concentration, C_<NaCl, R>, were determined for metal/metal-crevice of ASTM Grade 12 (G 12 Ti) and Ti-x(=0&acd;2%)Ni-y(=0&acd;0.4%) Mo alloys. G 12 Ti with 0.8%Ni and 0.3% Mo has more noble E_R values than commercially pure Titanium (C.P. Ti) and this tendency is more enhanced in lower concentrations of NaCl solutions. G 12 Ti is predicted to be resistant to crevice corrosion in solutions containing as high as 9% NaCl at 100℃, which is markedly higher than 1% NaCl or less as the highest concentration for C.P. Ti to be resistant at the temperature. E_R value for Ti-xNi-yMo alloy depends almost on Ni content. Sufficiently noble value of E_R is attained for the alloys with Ni contents over 0.2%. The beneficial effect of Ni could be explained from formation of Ti_2Ni which works as Pd does in Ti-0.15 Pd alloy. C_<NaCl, R> depends not only on Ni content but also on Mo content. It decreases with increasing Mo content in the range from 0 to 0.1&acd;0.2%, above which C_<NaCl, R> increases with increasing Mo content. This shows beneficial effect of Mo combined with Ni. Based on the results of Ti-xNi-yMo alloy, characteristics of G 12 Ti are found to be accounted for approximately through its contents of Ni and Mo.

著者

醍醐 市朗 五十嵐 佑馬 松野 泰也 足立 芳寛

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.1, pp.66-70, 2007-01-01

被引用文献数

2 17

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During the last two decades, the total material input in Japan has been about 2 billion tons, and approximately 50%, i.e., about 1 billion tons has accumulated as the net addition to stock in the form of buildings, social infrastructure, and various kinds of products. The amount of the net addition to stock is calculated annually from the differential between the input and the output. Therefore, the contents of the accumulated stock are unknown. It is said that these unknown contents include material that has already been discarded as invisible waste. In this study, dynamic material flow analysis was conducted to quantify the amount of stock that is not associated with social activities and cannot possibly be collected as scrap in the future. First, we defined some terms: in-use stock, hibernating stock, and overall stock. Hibernating stock comprises the steel used for the constructional material of land fill site, the steel dissipated by corrosion and erosion, etc. Furthermore, we defined the system boundary to account for the steel stock and constructed equations to calculate the three types of stock. To calculate the amount of in-use stock, a dynamic model-the population balance model-was adopted. The amounts of in-use stock and hibernating stock in Japan from 1980 to 2000 were calculated. The result shows that 0.96 billion tons of the in-use stock is included in the 1.22 billion tons of overall stock in the year 2000.

著者

加藤 周一 井口 泰孝 萬谷 志郎

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.2, pp.253-259, 1992-02-01

被引用文献数

1

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Deoxidation of liquid iron with barium was studied in the temperature range from 1600 to 1700℃. Barium and oxygen dissolved in liquid iron were brought into equilibrium in presence of pure barium oxide in the lime crucible under the inert gas atmosphere of argon. The equilibrium constant and standard free energy of the deoxidation reaction "BaO(s)=<Ba>___-(%)+O__-(%)" were obtained as follows : logK=-9980/T-1.82 (±0.11) △G°=191000+34.9T(J) (±4 kJ) The temperature dependences of the interaction parameters were expressed by the following equations : e^<Ba>_O=27.1-1.48×10^5/T e^O_<Ba>=233-1.27×10^6/T The standard free energy of solution of barium in liquid iron and the activity coefficient of barium in the infinite dilute liquid iron solution refered to pure barium (γ°_<Ba>) were calculated and discussed.

著者

前沢 昌武 白沢 忠雄 小野塚 一夫 小泉 忠義

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.3, pp.390-392, 1958-03-01

著者

金沢 正午 中島 明 岡本 健太郎 鈴木 節雄

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.266-276, 1970-02-01

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It is reported in this paper that the combined addition of 0.03% Nb and 0.55% Mo in quenched and tempered steel has shown such a high strength increase that can not be deduced from the present knowledges. It is also investigated whether there is any other combination effects between elements of VIa or Va family and elements of VIa family in the periodic table, as in the case of Nb and Mo. 1. It is found that Nb-Mo added steels have the largest combination effect, Ti-Mo, Zr-Mo and Nb-Cr steels have a slight effects, and Ti-Cr, Zr-Cr, Nb-W steels have none of the combination effect. 2. The reason why such combination effect occurs has been investigated. It is found that, in the case of combination having such effective combination effect, a large number of, and a great amount of cubic duplex carbide particles of IVa or Va element containing VIa element in it precipitate in the course of tempering, and it is infered that such duplex carbides result in the great combination effect of the steel. 3. The extraction method of Nb or V precipitates from steels is investigated, and it is found that the best is the (1+1) HCl aq. extraction method.

著者

吉村 博文 西原 俊文 野西 利次 井ノ内 直良

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.7, pp.474-479, 2001-07

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

1 2

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The lubrication by various cereal flours, such as wheat flour, rice flour, and so on, was studied to develop a nonpolluting lubricant for sheet metal forming. The lubricants were prepared in the following way. (1) Each cereal flour was dissolved in water at several concentrations. (2) Each suspension was coated on a titanium sheet. (3) The specimens were dried and cereal particles, thus, remained on the both surfaces of a specimen. The performance of these lubricants were evaluated by the Erichsen cupping test. Most of the flours show higher Erichsen values than grease. Furthermore, the cereal particles on the deformed specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and analyzed by electron probe microanalyzer. The observations suggest that the starch particles covered with protein and lipid can reduce the friction between dies and a specimen.

著者

剣持 一仁 鑓田 征雄 阿部 英夫 小堀 克浩 吉岡 正浩 清野 芳一

出版者

社団法人日本鉄鋼協会

雑誌

鐵と鋼 : 日本鐡鋼協會々誌 (ISSN:00211575)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.8, pp.485-489, 1997-08-01

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

3 1

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SUS304鋼板に特有の微小な表面欠陥である粒界浸食溝について,熱延鋼板の焼鈍,酸洗および冷間圧延時の生成挙動について検討し,以下の結果を得た。<BR>(1)熱延鋼板の焼鈍,酸洗における鋼板表層の粒界浸食溝は,焼鈍後の鋼板冷却時に生成し,酸洗により深さおよび幅ともに拡大する。<BR>(2)粒界浸食溝の生成に鋼板表層のCr欠乏層が関係する。<BR>(3)冷間圧延後の粒界浸食溝の低減に,ロール径,潤滑の有無,ロール粗さ,および圧下率が大きく影響し,本実験条件の範囲では圧延速度および圧延油の粘度の影響は小さい。<BR>(4)ロールバイト内部での粒界浸食溝の挙動について,ロールバイト入側では粒界浸食溝が口を開き拡大する。ロールバイト中央から出側にかけては,粒界浸食溝への圧延油封入量が影響し,少ない場合は粒界浸食溝が変形して平滑化しやすく,多い場合はさらに拡大するとして説明される。