著者

Taisei Hakozaki Shota Enoki Seiya Sakihama Soju Ishimatsu Rieko Kuramochi

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.4, pp.213-218, 2021-07-25 (Released:2021-07-15)

参考文献数

21

---

Subconcussive head impact exposure in sports is a complex public health issue. Although many head impacts are asymptomatic, the near point of convergence (NPC) that measures the closest point of focus before diplopia occurs, has been shown to reflect subclinical neuronal damage. Studies have not been conducted on the effect of repeated head impact exposure due to falls from heights, like in pole vaulting. This study examines the NPC response in collegiate pole vaulters with indirect head impact history due to falls from heights. This prospective observational study included four-pole vaulters and three decathletes. The study was conducted during the end of the Japanese collegiate track and field season. The measurements were taken at pre-practice, 0 h post-practice, 24 h post-practice, 1 week post-practice, 2 weeks post-practice, 3 weeks post-practice, and 4 weeks post-practice. Players completed the NPC test and the symptom checklist. There was a significant difference in the NPC value at pre-practice and 4 weeks post-practice; P = 0.048. Compared to pre-practice values, NPC significantly increased at 0 h post-practice (mean [SE] values: pre-practice, 5.61 [0.69] cm; 0 h post-practice, 7.31 [0.79] cm; P = 0.02). At 3 weeks post-practice and 4 weeks post-practice, NPC values were significantly reduced compared to the values at 0 h post-practice (mean [SE] values: 0 h post-practice, 7.31 [0.79] cm; 3 weeks post-practice, 5.75 [0.61] cm; 4 weeks post-practice, 5.52 [0.64] cm). This study reveals that NPC can be impaired by pole vaulting. The increased NPC returned to normal after 3 - 4 weeks of rest.

著者

Yukiya Tanoue Takaaki Komiyama Hiroaki Tanaka Yasuki Higaki Yoshinari Uehara

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.4, pp.181-189, 2021-07-25 (Released:2021-07-15)

参考文献数

35

---

After exercise training, improvement in cognitive function is associated with high parasympathetic nervous activity. However, the relationship between cardiac autonomic nervous activity and cognitive function after acute exercise may differ from that after chronic exercise, because parasympathetic nervous activity decreases with acute exercise. Here, we examined the relationship between parasympathetic nervous activity and cognitive function after acute exercise. Twelve male participants performed cognitive tasks in exercise and non-exercise conditions, with a randomized crossover design. Participants in the exercise condition ran on a treadmill for 10 min, with a running speed corresponding to a rate of perceived exertion (RPE) of 10–12 in each subject. Cognitive tasks were performed before and after both conditions. Heart rate variability during cognitive tasks was measured to evaluate autonomic nervous system activity. In the exercise condition, RPE was 11.1 ± 0.2 (mean ± SE) immediately after exercise. Exercise at RPE 10–12 improved reaction times in Go trials (from 687.8 ± 55.2 to 568.2 ± 45.9 ms, P < 0.05). In the non-exercise condition, cognitive performance remained stable throughout the experiment. In addition, parasympathetic nervous activity (high-frequency component of heart rate variability) remained low after exercise compared with before exercise (from 586.4 ± 122.5 to 372.8 ± 92.9 ms2, P < 0.05). In contrast, parasympathetic nervous activity increased in the non-exercise condition (from 516.6 ± 94.9 ms2 to 642.5 ± 85.6 ms2, P < 0.05). The present results suggest that improvement in cognitive function after acute exercise may be related to reduced parasympathetic nervous activity.

著者

Nobuyasu Tomabechi Kazuki Takizawa Keisuke Shibata Masao Mizuno

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.4, pp.191-198, 2021-07-25 (Released:2021-07-15)

参考文献数

28

---

Work-matched high-intensity intermittent cycling training (HIICT) reportedly improves VO2max regardless of the combination of loads and cadences. However, the effect of work-matched HIICT with different combinations of loads and cadences on anaerobic work capacity is unknown. This study aims to investigate the effects of work-matched HIICT with different loads and cadences on Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) performance, which is an index of anaerobic work capacity. University athletes performed HIICT either with high-load / 60 rpm (HL60, n = 8) or low-load / 120 rpm (LL120, n = 8). HIICT consisted of eight sets of pedaling for 20 s with 10 s of passive rest between each set. Initial exercise intensity was set at 135% of VO2peak and decreased by 5% after every two sets. HIICT was performed for 18 sessions during the 6-week period. Pre and post the training period, peak power, peak rpm, average power, and time to reach peak power during WAnT and VO2peak were measured. According to two-way analysis of variance (time × group), the main effect of time was observed in VO2peak, peak power, peak rpm, and average power during WAnT (p < 0.05). However, time × group interaction was not observed for any indices (p > 0.05). Conversely, time × group interaction was observed in time to reach peak power during WAnT, and significantly shortened only in HL60 (p < 0.05). These results suggest the effectiveness of work-matched HIICT with high-load / low cadence on WAnT performance.

著者

Junji Shinohara Philip Gribble

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.135-141, 2013-03-25 (Released:2013-04-08)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

1 2

---

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of five-toed socks with multiple rubber bits on the foot sole in influencing static postural control among healthy young adults. Twenty six healthy young adults were asked to complete three testing sessions to measure static postural control under three sock conditions: wearing five-toed socks with multiple rubber bits on the foot sole (FS), wearing regular socks (RS), and wearing no socks (NS). For each sock condition, static postural control was assessed on a force plate with the subject in a single-limb stance with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC). The subjects were instructed to stand on the dominant limb as still as possible for 15 seconds. Center of Pressure Velocity (COPV) was calculated in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions. The dependent COPV variables were calculated in AP and ML separately for EO and EC trials. The independent variable was sock condition (FS, RS and NS). For each dependent variable, a one-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed, with Sidak post hoc analyses. During EO trials in AP direction, the FS condition (0.53±0.15 cm/second) had a significantly slower COPV value than the RS condition (0.59±0.21 cm/second). During EO trials in ML direction, there was a trend that the FS condition (0.60±0.16 cm/second) had a slower COPV value than the RS (0.67±0.21 cm/second) condition. No significant relationship was observed during EC trials in either AP or ML directions. These results indicate that, during EO trials, the FS condition was associated with increased static postural stability when compared to the RS condition.

著者

Takeru Shima Subrina Jesmin Hayato Nakao Kentaro Tai Tomonori Shimofure Yoshihiro Arai Keiko Kiyama Yoko Onizawa

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.45-49, 2021-01-25 (Released:2021-01-13)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

8

---

Empathy, which consists of cognitive and affective empathy, is one of the vital skills in humans for creating and maintaining relationships with others, now, there are many empathy-deficient people, possibly deriving from an increase in harassment-related issues. Although there is a possibility that physical activity improves empathy, the association of physical activity with cognitive and affective empathy in healthy humans remains unclear. Thus, the present study aims to clarify the relationship between levels of physical activity and self-reported empathy. Eight hundred and ninety-three responses for two questionnaires, the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (SV-IPAQ) and Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), were analyzed. Levels of physical activity in a usual week were measured based on the SV-IPAQ, and participants were divided into three groups: low, moderate and high physical activity. The scores for cognitive and affective empathy were measured based on QCAE. We found that people with a moderate or high physical activity level show significantly higher self-reported cognitive empathy compared to people with a low physical activity level. The score for self-reported affective empathy wasn’t affected by physical activity level. Physical activity level in a usual week showed a significant positive correlation with self-reported cognitive empathy scores, but not with self-reported affective empathy scores. Our findings imply that an increase in physical activity contributes to better cognitive empathy in healthy young adults.

著者

Mana Ogawa Satoko Hoshino Motoko Fujiwara Hiroki Nakata

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.127-136, 2019-05-25 (Released:2019-05-18)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 4

---

We investigated the relationship between basketball free-throw accuracy and anthropometry, physical fitness tests, and performance variables among 16 collegiate female basketball players. Each participant performed 20 basketball free throws. Anthropometric measures were height and weight; physical fitness tests were sit-and-reach, back strength, and grip strengths; other basketball performance variables were the phases of the pre-shoot routine: (a) time taken, (b) minimum angle when taking the ball back, (c) angle at ball release, (d) angular displacement during the forward arm swing, and (e) angular velocity at ball release on the elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle. We analyzed the correlation between free-throw accuracy and data on anthropometry and physical fitness, the time period and variability of the pre-shot routine, and kinematic data. There were negative correlations between free-throw accuracy and mean pre-shot time, and variability of the pre-shot time, indicating that participants with a shorter and less variable pre-shot time showed a higher free-throw accuracy. Angular displacement of the shoulder during the forward swing and angular velocity of the knee at ball release showed positive correlations with free-throw accuracy. There was also a negative correlation between free-throw accuracy and variability of angular displacement during the forward swing at the elbow, indicating that participants with smaller variability of angular displacement of the elbow showed higher free-throw accuracy. Some performance variables, including routine duration, angular displacement of the shoulder and elbow, and angular velocity of the knee, were related to free-throw accuracy.

著者

Ryo Ogaki Gento Otake Satoko Nakane Yukiko Kosasa Yosuke Kanno Ayane Ogura Masahiro Takemura

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.5, pp.223-233, 2020-09-25 (Released:2020-09-16)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

2

---

To the best of our knowledge, most previous studies regarding the epidemiology of injuries in rugby union (rugby) players have focused on professional players. Therefore, data on injuries in collegiate rugby players in Japan is limited. The purpose of this study was to conduct a prospective injury survey of Japanese male collegiate rugby players over several years and to analyze the injuries that occurred during matches and training according to field position, type of injury, and mechanism of injury. This prospective study initially registered 128 rugby players from one university club. The occurrence of injuries was recorded by athletic trainers during the rugby seasons between 2017 and 2019. The total injury rate (IR) was 7.26 injuries/1000 player-hours (1000 PHs). The match IR (122.73 injuries/1000 PHs) was almost 31.9 times higher than the training IR (3.84 injuries/1000 PHs). Ankle sprains/ligament injuries (17.7%; 1.28 injuries/1000 PHs) were the most common injuries, in addition to acromioclavicular joint injuries in forwards and hamstring strain injuries in backs. The most common injury mechanism was tackling (16.4%). Injury characteristics differed according to field position; therefore, preventive measures according to field position are necessary. Moreover, the high number of tackle injuries suggests that improved tackle skills would help reduce injuries. The IR among Japanese collegiate rugby players was higher than that reported previously. Injury prevention training for collegiate players is necessary to reduce the number of injuries.

著者

Hiroto Fujiya Katsumasa Goto

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.69-72, 2016-03-25 (Released:2016-03-18)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 4

---

Sports-associated injuries often involve trauma to soft tissues such as ligaments, tendons, skeletal muscle, and skin. A shortened recovery process for injured tissues is of great interest to athletes, as injury-associated inactivity depresses both sports performance and physical fitness. Recently proposed treatments to accelerate tissue repair include microcurrent electrical neuromuscular stimulation (MENS), low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), and autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Among these treatments, MENS has been applied to alleviate pain and reduce swelling following sports-associated injuries of tendons and ligaments. MENS is reported to stimulate the regeneration of skeletal muscles, a part of the body commonly injured in sports. MENS is expected to soon become a standard therapy for accelerating the repair of injured skeletal muscles and other soft tissues. In this review, we provide an overview of MENS and briefly describe several other proposed treatments for sports-associated injuries.

著者

Toshiharu Tsutsui Toshihiro Maemichi Satoshi Iizuka Suguru Torii

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.15-20, 2020-01-25 (Released:2020-01-21)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this study was to clarify the development pattern of batting imagery in youth baseball players. One hundred thirty-eight young baseball players (6–14 years old) were divided into 4 age groups. Tee and toss batting with a stationary tee stand and toss machine were used in the batting trials. In addition, the participants did an imagery task of hitting the optimal point of a ball where they wanted to impact it. To clarify the difference between the image trial and actual batting (tee and toss), the absolute error distance (AED) was calculated by subtracting the impact distance of the image trial from that of the actual batting. Two-way analysis of variance (4 age groups × tee and toss images) revealed that the AED was significantly lower in the 11- to 12-year-old players than in the 6- to 8-year-old players (p < 0.001). The relationships between the tee and toss images showed a significant correlation in all 4 groups (6–8 years old: r = 0.445, 9–10 years old: r = 0.495, 11–12 years old: r = 0.589, and 13–14 years old: r = 0.804; all groups: p < 0.001) and that tee and toss batting imagery appears unchanged as age increases. However, batting imagery seems to develop around 11-12 years old, and at the age group of 13-14 years old players are able to impact the same position on the bat regardless of the batting trials.

著者

Erik van der Graaff Marco (MJM) Hoozemans Martijn Nijhoff Michael Davidson Merel Hoezen Dirkjan (HEJ) Veeger

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.5, pp.269-277, 2018-09-25 (Released:2018-09-25)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

7

---

The objective of the present study was to examine the magnitude and timing of peak pelvis and thorax rotations in achieving high throwing velocities in pitching fastballs. During the preseason (Test 1 or T1) and four months later (Test 2 or T2), kinematic analysis was performed on eight elite youth pitchers throwing fastballs. Peak rotation velocities of the pelvis and thorax were determined and separation time, defined as the time between the maximal rotation velocities of the pelvis and thorax, was calculated. Peak thorax rotation velocity was not associated with throwing velocity. However, separation time appeared to be significantly and positively associated with throwing velocity. Also, the changes in separation time from T1 to T2 were significantly and positively associated with the observed increase in throwing velocity from T1 to T2. There was no significant association between the changes in pelvis or thorax peak rotation velocities from T1 to T2 and the change in throwing velocity. Results indicate that the relative timing of pelvis and thorax peak rotation velocity in pitching fastballs in baseball is likely to be a determinant of throwing velocity in skilled pitchers.

著者

Noriaki Ichihashi Satoko Ibuki Masatoshi Nakamura

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.1-10, 2014-03-25 (Released:2014-03-20)

参考文献数

76

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The acute and chronic effects of static stretching (SS) on joint range of motion (ROM) and stiffness of muscle-tendon unit (MTU) and/or muscle was reviewed. Previous studies have provided evidence that SS is effective in increasing ROM, both immediately and chronically. Moreover, 75 seconds (75s) SS is sufficient for eliciting an immediate, acute effect. In contrast, the recent trend is to evaluate the effect of stretching not by measuring ROM, but by measuring stiffness in order to eliminate the effect of psychological factors. However, the findings of studies measuring stiffness are conflicting, with some results indicating a decrease in stiffness and others indicating no change in stiffness despite changes in joint ROM. Our study results support that stiffness decrease with SS, and that >2 min of SS is effective in eliciting the effect. The retention time taken to achieve the effect of SS is also under discussion, and the retention time may differ for ROM and muscle stiffness. Concerning the chronic effect of SS, many studies have indicated that a routine SS program decreases passive torque or MTU and muscle stiffness. However, the underlying mechanism for this decrease remains to be clarified.

著者

Shohei Dobashi Arisa Nakamura Kyohei Saito Daisuke Ando Katsuhiro Koyama

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.4, pp.181-184, 2019-07-25 (Released:2019-07-17)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of acute exercise and hypoxic exposure on the level of circulating selenoprotein P (SeP), which is known to cause insulin and exercise resistance, and expression of the muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) gene in pre-diabetes rat models. Fifteen week old male Wistar rats (n = 20) were fed with a high-fat diet and water ad libitum for 3 weeks. After the acclimation period, they were assigned to sedentary or exercise groups under normoxic (20.9% O2) and hypoxic (14.5% O2) conditions. Each of the exercise groups (NE and HE) was administered two 30-min no-load swimming exercises with an interval of 5-min rest. The serum, the liver, and the triceps muscle were obtained 3 h after the exercises. Hypoxic exposure did not affect hepatic SeP mRNA, serum SeP protein, and muscle PGC-1α mRNA expression. In contrast, acute swimming exercise reduced circulating SeP concentration and increased PGC-1α mRNA expression in triceps muscle. In conclusion, acute swimming exercise rather than moderate hypoxic exposure might improve insulin and exercise resistance in pre-diabetes conditions for type 2 diabetes.

著者

Hiroto Takenaka Mitsuhiro Kamiya Junya Suzuki Kasuri Nishihama Atsuki Ito Kunihiro Furuta Keita Yokochi Shuntaro Hanamura Hirokatsu Hanamura

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.5, pp.349-354, 2017-09-25 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

16

---

The purpose of this study was to compare the lumbar lordotic angle (LL) and pelvic tilt angle (PT) in the simple modified Thomas test (SMTT) position with LL and PT in the Thomas test (TT) position. Participants (n = 20) were between the ages of 23 and 39 and had no history of trauma. LL and PT were measured by X-ray radiographs under three conditions: the SMTT position, TT position, and supine position. At the same time, the distance between the examination table and the popliteal fossa was measured with a ruler. These measurements were compared by one-way analysis of variance. LL (14.6 ± 6.7 degrees [°]) in the SMTT position was significantly lower than in the TT position (18.6 ± 6.6 °) (p < 0.01). PT (33.5 ± 7.6 °) in the SMTT position was significantly higher than in the TT position (31.3 ± 6.9 °) (p < 0.05). The distance between the examination table and the popliteal fossa in the SMTT position (100 ± 37.7 mm) was significantly higher than in the TT position (73.5 ± 27.4 mm) (p < 0.01). These results suggest that LL and PT in the SMTT position are easier to assess than those in the TT position.

著者

Keita Suzuki Satoshi Nagai Ryo Ogaki Koichi Iwai Takuo Furukawa Shumpei Miyakawa Masahiro Takemura

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.79-88, 2019-03-25 (Released:2019-03-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3

---

The purpose of this study was to clarify the tackling characteristics of tacklers relationship causing concussion based on match video records in the collegiate rugby union. Twenty-three tackling situations leading to concussion were identified based on injury data and video records. Additionally, 94 tackling situations in which concussion did not occur were extracted from the same matches. Overall, one hundred and seventeen tackling situations were analyzed in detail, and categorized into three tackle phases and outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify which tackling characteristics in the tackler relationship had a higher chance of concussion. The chance of concussion occurring to a tackler was significantly higher for collision tackle (odds ratio [OR] 84.00, 95% CI 8.27–853.11), making initial contact with tackler’s head/neck (OR 23.47, 95% CI 4.80–114.71), no arm usage by tackler (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.23–10.20) and tackle break by ball-carrier (OR 5.76, 95% CI 1.67–19.85). Conversely, tacklers were significantly less likely to suffer concussion when the ball-carrier performed a side step before initial contact (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.01–0.85). In conclusion, tackles leading to concussion were related to various factors in the time period before and after tackle as well as in the moment of tackle. The results of this study suggest that further research needs to be done, given the relationship between each tackling characteristic. Moreover, we consider that players and coaching staff should improve tackle skill safety by clarifying the common contributing factors to both suffering concussion and tackle performance.

著者

Yasushi Kariyama Koji Zushi

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.2, pp.187-193, 2016-05-25 (Released:2016-05-14)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2 10

---

We investigated the relationships between the lower-limb joint kinetic parameters of sprint running and rebound jump during the support phases in 16 male track and field athletes performing sprint running and rebound jump at maximal effort. Sprint running velocity and rebound jump index (i.e., jump height divided by contact time) during rebound jump were calculated. Lower-limb joint kinetic parameters (joint torque and power) during the support phases of these activities were calculated using a force platform and data from a high-speed video camera that recorded movements in the sagittal plane. No significant correlation was observed between sprint velocity and rebound jump index. However, significant correlations were observed between sprint running and rebound jump for mean ankle-joint torque and mean knee-joint torque in the eccentric and concentric phases, as well as for mean negative ankle-joint power and mean negative knee-joint power. These results suggest mechanical similarities in ankle- and knee-joint kinetic parameters, especially in the eccentric phase of sprint running and rebound jump, although such similarities were not observed for sprint velocity and rebound jump index.

著者

Kei Tsukioka Ko Yamanaka Hidefumi Waki

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.45-50, 2019-01-25 (Released:2019-01-17)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

---

The amygdala induces emotion and controls the cardiovascular system. We previously found that lesions in the central nucleus of amygdala (CeA), which is associated with negative emotion, chronically increase the arterial pressure (AP); however, the mechanism involved in this process remains unclear. In this study we compared the heart rate (HR), high frequency (HF) component of HR variability as an index of cardiac vagal outflow, and spontaneous baroreceptor reflex gain (sBRG) before and after the occurrence of bilateral lesions in CeA for further understanding of cardiovascular regulation by CeA. The results showed that CeA lesions induced a chronic decrease in HR and increase in sBRG, suggesting that CeA regulates the autonomic nervous system. Taken together with our previous results, CeA was shown to control AP and HR as well as baroreflex gain; however, the mechanisms controlling basal AP through CeA are likely to be independent of mechanisms for baroreflex gain control. These contradictory findings may partially explain the known diverse hemodynamic patterns of the amygdala in response to a variety of stress conditions.

著者

Yuko Kurosawa Takafumi Hamaoka

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.4, pp.215-217, 2017-07-25 (Released:2017-07-12)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1

---

Since the 1990’s, creatine has become one of the most popular supplements in the world for the purpose of increasing skeletal muscle creatine, increasing skeletal muscle mass, and improving the amount of exercise training. The first patient with brain creatine deficiency was reported around the year 2000, and this patient’s severe clinical symptoms - such as impairment of brain function - drove researchers to start focusing more on the brain and related studies. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown creatine in the body to cover a wide range of roles including bioenergetic, anabolic, bone remodeling, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-excitotoxic and neuroprotective. In this short review, we introduce recent findings on the effects of creatine supplementation on brain function closely related to mental health, which directly influences the quality of life of elderly people.

著者

Emi Tanaka Tetsuo Kida Ryusuke Kakigi Minoru Hoshiyama

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.5, pp.301-310, 2017-09-25 (Released:2017-09-29)

参考文献数

59

被引用文献数

2

---

Effective behaviors optimized for various situations are enabled by various sensory information. How does the brain deal simultaneously with information from different sensory systems? Investigation of multisensory processing began from neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies at the level of single neurons. Accumulation of knowledge concerning neurons and progress in recording techniques of human brain activity have led to a massive expansion in recent neuroscientific studies using various combinations of brain activity recording and cognitive tasks. In this paper, we briefly review recent neuroscientific studies related to multisensory convergence and interaction, focusing on electrophysiological and imaging studies in humans.

著者

Ayumi Goto Keiichi Sekine Rieko Oshima Ichika Sakon Mayu Iwamoto Tomohiko Osaki Kotaro Haga Tatsuya Hayashi Tatsuro Egawa

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.87-93, 2018-01-25 (Released:2018-01-19)

参考文献数

37

---

Heat stress (HS) is a potent stimulus for activating glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles. However, the effect of short-term HS on protein turnover in skeletal muscles is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term HS on protein synthesis and protein degradation in skeletal muscles. The epitrochlearis muscle was isolated from male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 150-160 grams (g) and incubated with or without HS at 42°C for 10 or 30 min in alpha minimum essential medium. HS for 30 min significantly decreased phosphorylation of 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase at Thr389 and 4E-binding protein 1 at Thr37/46. Correspondingly, HS for 30 min decreased the rate of protein synthesis. In contrast, HS had no effect on the expression of autophagy-related proteins, including microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 and p62, or on the mRNA expression of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, including muscle RING-finger 1 (MuRF1) and atrogin-1/MAFbx. These findings suggested that short-term HS for approximately 30 min is a physiologically relevant stimulus that suppresses protein synthesis signaling in skeletal muscles.

著者

Masato Suzuki

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine (ISSN:21868131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.17-29, 2015-03-25 (Released:2015-03-23)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

1 8

---

The kidneys play an important role in regulating acid-base and water-electrolyte balance disturbances induced by exercise. In sports medicine, research on renal function during exercise in healthy individuals and athletes is less common than other areas of study such as the respiratory, circulatory, and neuromuscular systems as well as metabolism, since renal function has no direct effect on athletic performance. In this study, we reviewed previous research results obtained in our laboratory and other studies as follows: 1) effects of exercise intensity on renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate; 2) effects of exercise intensity on plasma hormone responses and urinary excretion of water and electrolytes; 3) effects of aging on renal function following exhaustive exercise; 4) mechanisms underlying exercise-induced diuresis in healthy volunteers; 5) mechanisms underlying exercise-induced proteinuria (EIP) in healthy volunteers; and 6) effects of exercise combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ACE-I) on the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in obese diabetic model rats. The number of obese diabetes patients is increasing in advanced countries, and the number of hemodialysis (HD) patients per capita in Japan is the highest worldwide. Approximately 42% of patients with DN undergo HD treatment every year. However, regular exercise has not been positively recommended for patients with nephropathy despite being an essential clinical approach for patients with diabetes. Moreover, the ideal exercise regimen for patients with diabetes complicated by nephropathy has not been investigated much. Therefore, a future study should investigate exercise therapy for patients with DN.