1 0 0 0 OA 労働条件改善が従業員満足度に及ぼす影響 A農業法人のアンケート分析から
1 0 0 0 OA 農業経営における家族関係の変容と企業形態
- 著者
- 川手 督也
- 出版者
- 日本農業経営学会
- 雑誌
- 農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.53, no.1, pp.8-18, 2015-04-25 (Released:2017-01-16)
- 参考文献数
- 25
This paper considers changes in family relations of full-time farm households and their impacts on farm management and farm life in rural Japan, including the selection of business forms. The basic standpoint used is that of Prof. Izumi Iwamoto. Prof. Iwamoto insisted on the necessity of recognizing that contemporary Japanese farm families are an organization that consists of heterogeneous members with multiple decision-making duties. Each family member should be analyzed from the viewpoint of the roles and function each member plays within the inner structure of family farm management.The main point of change in Japanese family relations after World War II was the disappearance of the patriarchal character. The effect of this change, at first, was on successor patterns after the 1960’s and then on female farmers after the 1990’s. The stem family form has been maintained in spite of big changes in family relations. On the other hand, participation in farm management and clarification of the roles of successors and female farmers has been promoted, with the subsequent development of the independence of successors and female farmers. As a result, such changes have contributed to the promotion of a diversification in farm management, but the selective character has become stronger in terms of the engagement in farming of successors and female farmers. Therefore, it has become more difficult to succeed to a family farm based on a stem family system. Also, declining birthrates and the growing proportion of elderly, and especially the rapid rise of singles throughout the lifespan are now big Japanese social problems. The rise singles is more conspicuous in agriculture and rural communities. It is contributing to an increased difficulty in family formation. Therefore, family farm succession based on a stem family system has begun to be faced with fundamental difficulties. Rural economic and social systems based on a rural family system also has become more difficult to maintain.So it is necessary to try to support making family through support for marriage partner searches. At the same time, it is also necessary to establish regulations and systems for supporting partnerships among not only family members but also family members and others.
- 著者
- 長谷川 啓哉
- 出版者
- 日本農業経営学会
- 雑誌
- 農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.51, no.1, pp.28-42, 2013-06-25
- 参考文献数
- 11
Since Japanese consumers tend to choose high-quality apples, Japanese apple farmers need many unskilled workers (for harvesting fruit, removing bad-quality fruit, and removing leaves that block the sunlight) as well as workers with pruning skills. As a result, apple farming is based mainly on manual labor. In Japan, it is difficult for large-scale apple orchards to have higher productivity and profitability than middle- or small-scale orchards because large-scale orchards incur higher costs as they employ more workers. According to Toyoda Takashi's studies in the 1980s, workers were in short supply in large-scale orchards ; consequently, yields in these orchards decreased. He called the apple orchards "Sohouka-daikeiei."<br>However, nowadays, large-scale apple orchards show high productivity and profitability. "S" orchard in Hirosaki City, Aomori Prefecture, is one such orchard. However, "S" orchard once was a typical apple orchard with low productivity. What improvements did "S" orchard make? The aim of this study was to evaluate "S" orchard's management so as to elucidate the reasons why "S" orchard has high productivity and profitability for its success. To achieve this aim, I analyzed two questionnaires completed in 1985 and 2011, financial statements, and work-hour data.<br>"S" orchard changed its management in the following manner. (1) "S" orchard hired middle-aged and young men who were not working at the orchard in 1985. (2) "S" orchard established a labor-saving farming system and simultaneously reduced the number of unskilled workers. (3) "S" orchard stopped selling apples to agriculture cooperatives and rural sellers and started selling directly to retailers and consumers.<br>"S" orchard attained the following advantages : (1) land productivity increased after several middleaged and young men were recruited as workers to control soil and apple-tree quality. (2) working hours per 10a were reduced. (3) Thus, labor productivity improved as a result of the above-mentioned changes. (4) New selling methods helped sell "S" orchard's low-grade apples at higher than market prices. As a result, the average price of the apples sold by "S" orchard increased. (5) Profitability improved with increases in labor productivity and average prices.<br>"S" orchard's management has become a model for the management of a large-scale apple orchard.
1 0 0 0 OA 農業法人の経営理念の公開実態と営農類型別の特性分析 テキストマイニングによる分析
- 著者
- 荒幡 克己
- 出版者
- 日本農業経営学会
- 雑誌
- 農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.31, no.2, pp.22-31, 1993 (Released:2012-10-29)
- 参考文献数
- 28
1 0 0 0 OA 遺伝子組換えカイコの実用化飼育に向けた予備的考察
1 0 0 0 OA デザイン思考と経験イノベーション
- 著者
- 権 奇哲
- 出版者
- 日本農業経営学会
- 雑誌
- 農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.56, no.1, pp.7-18, 2018-04-25 (Released:2019-05-01)
- 参考文献数
- 12
Recently, most industries have seen a rapid advance in commoditization. Amid this trend, this paper aims to review several design based approaches (DBAs) that have drawn attention as new theories of innovation. The paper also aims to highlight the important differences between existing technology push and market pull innovation strategies within the DBA based innovation process.This paper starts by introducing the semantic turn as a new foundation for design, picking up themes of design thinking and design driven innovation. Four characteristics of the innovation process are presented:First is the human centered focus of the design process. Second is aiming for experience innovation. Third is distancing oneself from existing users and markets. Fourth is an emphasis on searching for new meaning and experience in the innovation process.However, while these approaches are very effective for the handful of practitioners capable of using them, for many practitioners, such as SMEs, they are not easy to implement. Concepts, methodologies, and tools need to be developed to assist practitioners in implementing DBA. I have formulated a definition of “design as a plan for guiding users to a new living world,” identifying “experience design” as the key concept for its implementation and proposing an archetype diagram to serve as a useful and easy to use tool for this purpose.
1 0 0 0 OA イチゴ作新規参入者の成長プロセス
- 著者
- 島 義史
- 出版者
- 日本農業経営学会
- 雑誌
- 農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.47, no.3, pp.1-10, 2009-12-25 (Released:2015-03-20)
- 参考文献数
- 10
Farm household successors eventually become independent farmers by gradually taking over farm management authority and responsibilities from their predecessors. In contrast, newcomers to farming businesses have to assume authority and responsibilities regarding all farming domains as soon as they establish their own farms. Therefore, it is important for new farmers to obtain quickly the skills of independent farmers to improve their farm management. Targeting newcomers into strawberry farming, this study analyzes the growth process of new farmers.Farm management by newcomers in strawberry farming is classified into six domains, while their managerial growth is divided into two stages. Then, those farmers’ priority targets in farm management are identified based on the degree to which they emphasize different farm management domains, which are represented as an “awareness score,” and the relationships between priority targets and performance are analyzed. At the same time, comparison of the awareness score between the managerial growth stages and a time-series comparison using panel data are also performed to analyze the patterns of changes in farm management priority targets.As a result, a correlation is observed: the higher the awareness score, the better farmers performed regarding a particular farm management domain. This indicates that farm management is improved in domains that farmers prioritize.There are three types of processes through which farm management domains become priority targets: one is to consistently prioritize domains regardless of the managerial growth stage, one is to prioritize following the shift of a growth stage, and one is to prioritize continuously within each growth stage. The analyses of priority targets in farm management by newcomers into strawberry farming identified the following growth process stages: first, cultivation, work process and financial management, next sales management, third employment management, and, finally, cost management.
1 0 0 0 OA 都市・農村の資源循環システムと地域農業
1 0 0 0 OA 水田経営の規模の経済における組織形態の影響 作業の季節性とユニット数の視点から
- 著者
- 八木 洋憲 藤井 吉隆
- 出版者
- 日本農業経営学会
- 雑誌
- 農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.54, no.1, pp.105-116, 2016-04-25 (Released:2017-09-20)
- 参考文献数
- 26
Achieving economies of scale in rice paddy field production has been a decades-long objective in Japan. Although there have been many studies on Minimum Efficiency Scale (MES) and the merit of farmland agglomeration in rice production, little emphasis has been devoted to the study of organization diseconomies of scale of multi-unit farm operations. The term‘ unit’ in this paper is defined as an undividable unit of fixed inputs such as a set of large machinery. Previous literature suggested that the average cost of non-family farms, such as community-based farms, were higher than that of individual family farms. In agricultural production, moreover, in addition to the organizational structure, seasonality of the production process is highly significant for an efficiency evaluation of multi-unit operations.Our research objective, hence, is to clarify the efficiency difference (level of achievement to the scale economy) between organization types based on organizational management policy. In particular, through a comparison of community-based farms and family-based farm corporations with hired labor, we investigate i) the relation between number of operation units and farm size, ii) the relation between number of units and seasonality, and iii) operational efficiency per unit per day. For this comparative purpose, we calculate a unit efficiency index that includes the number of large machines (combine harvesters and planting machines) per total operating area for each peak season. Our research hypotheses then are i) unit efficiency differs over organizational types (family-based farm corporations are more efficient), ii) the number of units decrease by the length of operating season duration, and iii) operational efficiency per unit per day is not different by organizational type.Interview surveys with nine rice farming corporations, including five community-based farm corporations, with between 30 and 240 hectares of operational farmland were conducted by the authors from January to March 2014. The survey focused on the organizational structure, enterprises, peak season duration, and formation of units. In depth analysis of operation management is conducted for the most unit efficient farm in order to find out its determinant condition.Through this comparative investigation, we confirmed higher unit efficiency of the family-based corporations with employment compared to the community-based corporations (hypothesis i). Second, no clear relation was observed between operating duration of each peak season and the number of units per area (hypothesis ii). Third, operational efficiency is not considerably different either by farm size or by organizational type except for superiority in autumn machinery efficiency achieved by family-based corporations (hypothesis iii). One of the family-based corporations achieves highest unit efficiency based on minimum machinery ownership, simple coordination of operation and flexible family labor inputs in the peak season in spite of less favorable farm land conditions.In conclusion, lower unit efficiency is likely to be achieved by family-based corporations rather than community-based ones even though the latter has advantages in acquiring tenanted land, community labor and government support. The current unit efficiency difference in large scale rice production, therefore, is determined largely by management policy based more on organizational structure than on seasonality and land conditions.
1 0 0 0 OA 私的関心を超える多機能性酪農の行動動機
- 著者
- 佐々木 市夫
- 出版者
- 日本農業経営学会
- 雑誌
- 農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.51, no.1, pp.83-88, 2013-06-25 (Released:2016-06-01)
- 参考文献数
- 13
1 0 0 0 OA 多機能性農業におけるグリーンケアの成果に関するQOL評価 農業の新たな公共性の科学的根拠
- 著者
- 佐々木 市夫
- 出版者
- 日本農業経営学会
- 雑誌
- 農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.52, no.3, pp.65-70, 2014-10-25 (Released:2017-01-16)
- 参考文献数
- 9
1 0 0 0 OA 新規就農者を確保する集落営農法人の特徴と課題
1 0 0 0 OA タイにおける有機農産物に対する消費者ニーズと購買行動の解明
- 著者
- Valeekleattekul YUTTHANA 門間 敏幸
- 出版者
- 日本農業経営学会
- 雑誌
- 農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.42, no.1, pp.171-174, 2004 (Released:2012-10-29)
- 参考文献数
- 2
1 0 0 0 OA 畜産環境問題と地域協定
1 0 0 0 OA 雇用就農者の就業意識の形成プロセスに関する分析
1 0 0 0 OA 酪農経営における疾病と乳牛淘汰に関する分析
1 0 0 0 OA 農業経営研究の原点を考える
- 著者
- 津谷 好人
- 出版者
- 日本農業経営学会
- 雑誌
- 農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.46, no.3, pp.1-5, 2008 (Released:2012-10-29)
1 0 0 0 OA 降雨がキャベツ収穫作業体系に与える影響評価
- 著者
- 塩谷 幸治
- 出版者
- 日本農業経営学会
- 雑誌
- 農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.40, no.1, pp.102-105, 2002 (Released:2012-10-29)
- 参考文献数
- 1
1 0 0 0 OA 老農船津伝次平の「底破法」と畑二毛作論
- 著者
- 田中 修
- 出版者
- 日本農業経営学会
- 雑誌
- 農業経営研究 (ISSN:03888541)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.52, no.3, pp.1-11, 2014-10-25 (Released:2017-01-16)
- 参考文献数
- 40
- 被引用文献数
- 2
After reviewing Denjibey Funatsu’s (c.1832-1898) “TeihaHou” (subsoil break) farming and double cropping system ideas for upland field during the Meiji period, it can be said to be a system for promoting “drought resistance, deep and intensive cultivation method” through the use of manual cultivation (do not deny the plowing by animal power), inter-cropping, deep cultivation (subsoil break at 4-5 years intervals) and double cropping.In the early Meiji period, Funatsu’s farming system thus helped establish more extensive cash crop cultivation. At the same time, his farming system intended to improve the relationship between the main winter crop - wheat and summer crops - upland rice, taros, potatos, sweet potatos, peanuts, eggplants, and so on, through double-cropping. This farming system contributed to the development of intensive small-scale farm management of a diversified crop rotation. And this type of farm management became dominant upland in the Kanto region until the High Growth period of the 1960s.It is said that during the latter part of the Meiji period the so-called “Meiji Farming System,” namely a “modern farming system” characterized by well-drained paddy fields and deep plowing by horse power, with heavy manuring and double cropping use of paddy field, was established. However, this understanding is biased towards paddy cultivation and lacked a proper understanding of the role of upland cultivation. Thus, an understanding of Funatsu’s farming system should be incorporated.