著者

竹内 康浩 西崎 恒男 高城 晋 馬淵 千之

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.6, pp.563-571, 1972 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 1

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Large amount of organic solvents is used in the processing industries and most of these industries are medium or small enterprises. Therefore, health of workers working there is liable to be disturbed by organic solvents. And as the workers exposed to organic solvents usually complain of indefinite oilments, recently health of workers exposed to organic solvents became to be studied endocrinologically and neurologically.Two workers exposed to organic solvents in a paints industry consulted us and complained of dizziness, headache, tinnitus, insomnia, slight fever, disturbance of appetite, decrease of body weight, cramp of lower extremities, etc. And in our clinical examination, hypofunction of diencephalon-hypohysis-adrenal cortex system, hypesthesia on one side, continuous slight fever, slight orthostatism, abnormal EEG etc. were found and diagnosed as diencephalon syndrome.Working conditions were investigated. This paints industry is medium enterprise but the work room where the two patients were working was small and ventilated not sufficiently. And it was found that the two worker were being exposed to toluene vapor of which concentration ranged from several hundred ppm to one thausand and several hundred ppm and to smaller concentration of other organic solvents. Therefore, it was thought that the disorders of these two patients were caused chiefly by exposure to toluene vapor.The two patients were detached from the work place and treated in our hospital, but disorders of them were not rapidly improved.In view of these serious health disorders of the two workers, we think it is very important that the toxicity of organic solvents should be still more studied especially concerning the effect to the endocrine and nervous systems, and that the working conditions in work place using organic solvents should be still more improved for prevention of organic solvent poisoning.

著者

岸 玲子 三宅 浩次

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.3-17, 1990 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

86

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Neurotoxicity of organic solvents is one of the most important emerging issues in the field of occupational health. Psychological testing has been proven useful not only in clinical diagnosis but also in experimental and epidemiological studies. Although various psychobehavioral performance test batteries have been applied in the study of neurotoxicity of organic solvents during these last two decades among European countries and America, only few studies have been made on these in Japan. It is therefore considered very important to review the major papers published to date, clarify the issues being currently discussed, and propose important studies for future.The present paper provides a review of the results obtained by the application of behavioral performance tests in the study of solvent toxicity. The studies reviewed are classified into the follwoing five parts: 1. psychological test batteries developed to date, 2. human experimental studies and experimental field studies on the acute toxicity of organic solvents, 3. epidemiological studies on industrial workers, 4. characteristics of the central nervous system dysfunction caused by organic solvents, and 5. prognosis of workers diagnosed as chronic organic solvent intoxication. The paper also discusses the applicability of psychobehavioral techniques and addresses issues in data collection in the study of the effects of solvent exposure on the nervous system.

著者

山村 行夫 高倉 淳 平山 二三夫 山内 博 吉田 稔

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.4, pp.223-235, 1975 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

2

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Two cases of tetraethyl lead (TEL) poisoning are described. Both subjects had been exposed to TEL in the process of scaling using high pressure water stream during the cleaning work inside the aviation fuel tank. The aviation fuel contains TEL in a concentration of 1. 12 g lead per liter. The affected men failed to wear respirators during the cleaning work because the explosimeter indicated a negative reading for petrol. After one hour of tank cleaning work they suffered from lacrimation, running rhinorrhea and vomiting.Case 1. A 54-year-old man was admitted to a general hospital 3 days after the exposure to TEL and complained of hand tremors, amnesia and disorientation. He was restless, violent and confused in the night. On 12th day after the exposure to TEL, the condition bacame worse with marked agitation, delirium, convulsion, fever and coma. He died on 18th day after the exposure to TEL. During the admission, urinary coproporphyrin and basophilic stippling cells were normal ; no blood and urinary lead determination were done.Case 2. A 48-year-old man, on 2nd day after the exposure to TEL complained of chills, tremors, marked nausea and vomiting which persisted all night. Next morning he was admitted to another hospital. He had generalized tremors, ataxia, disorientation and at night he was suspicious, restless and violent. On 9th day after the exposure to TEL, his insomnia and restlessness gradually improved and he was discharged two months later.In this case, urinary lead determinations were done serially from 20 days to 196 days after the accident and blood lead determination was done once a week. On 20th day after the exposure, blood lead level was 52.3μg/100g, urinary lead concentration 586 μg/l and erythrocyte ALA dehydrase (ALA-D) activity was markedly reduced to 0.11μ mole PBG/ml RBC/hr. On 196th day after the exposure to TEL, his condition was both physically and mentally normal but his blood lead level was slightly elevated to 26. 1 μg/100 g and the urinary lead concentration was still at 37.0μg/l (81μg/24hr). Blood triethyl lead levels were found to be 5.8μg Pb/100g after 56 days, steadily decreasing thereafter to 1.3μg Pb/100 g up to 196 days.In this case, the reactivation of erythrocyte ALA-D and the fall of blood lead levels occurred simultanously in a manner similar to that observed in men exposed to inorganic lead. The regression line for erythrocyte logarithmic ALA-D activities and blood lead levels in this case is identical to that obtained from workers exposed to inorganic lead and the control group occupationally unexposed. These results suggest that the reduced erythrocyte ALA-D activities found in the TEL poisoning was due to inorganic lead resulting from the decomposition of TEL.Workmen handling antiknock additives were investigated regarding potential hazardous effects of tetraalkyl lead (TAL). The subjects consisted of workmen who engaged in mixing TAL into petrol, transportation of TAL by trucks or barges and storage tank cleaing. There were no abnormal values of blood lead levels, erythrocyte ALA-D activities or excreted urinary lead in those workmen.

著者

渡部 眞也

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.187, 1990 (Released:2009-03-26)

著者

中村 健一 近江 明 鈴木 誠一 小沼 正哉 栗原 忠雄 田寺 守 柴田 茂男

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.4, pp.303-314, 1984 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1 1 1

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Mortality among employees of selected enterprises in which excellent health care programmes are carried on, was observed to evaluate employees' health levels and to establish objectives for future health care programmes. Also, these data were compared with those for all Japanese and for Japanese employees belonging to the corresponding occupational groups.Seventy-three enterprises which continuously participated in the mortality survey implemented by the Japan Research Organization of Industrial Health Care for the period between 1976 and 1980, were subjected to this study. The observed employees amounted to 3, 502, 580 person-years. Sex and age distributions of the employees were available for 47 enterprises and the observed employees totalled 2, 598, 672 person-years.The main results are as follows:1) Mortality rate (per 100, 000) is stable between 140 and 150 throughout the observed period and the average value is 145.0. The average mortality rate for males, aged 40 to 54, is 272.6.2) Malignant neoplasms were the main cause of death and account for 37-38%. In second place and below are heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, accidents, suicide and liver cirrhosis. Malignant neoplasms, especially of the stomach, lung and pancreas, show a trend to increase, and cerebrovascular diseases and liver cirrhosis show a trend to decrease. Among heart diseases, isch-emic heart disease accounts for about 40% and shows no marked fluctuation. Among cerebrovascular diseases, the relative frequency of subarachnoid hemorrhage is increasing.3) Comparing the mortality rates for males aged 40 to 54 by industry, “Iron, steel & nonferrous metal manufacturing” and “Electricity and gas supply” show significantly higher values, and “Finance & insurance” and “Communications” show significantly lower values than the total.4) The distribution of main causes of death for males, aged 40 to 54, was compared by major occupational groups using Proportional Mortality Ratio (PMR). A significantly high frequency of malignant neoplasms (especially of the stomach) is observed for “Professional & technical workers, managers and officials” and that of suicide for “ Craftmen, production process workers and labourers” and that of cerebrovascular diseases (especially cerebral hemorrhage) for “Protective service workers.”5) Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) for males, aged 20 to 54, from all causes of death, calculated on the basis of all Japanese males in 1978 is 0.57. SMR for this population from malignant neoplasms is 0.89. SMR for the same population from all causes of death, calculated on the basis of Japanese male employees in occupational groups corresponding to the studied population in 1975, is 0.75, and that from malignant neoplasms exceeds 1.00.Consistent with previous reports, mortality rates in this occupational population are significantly lower than those for the total population and the so-called “healthy workers effect” is demonstrated. Moreover, very low mortality rates from tuberculosis and cerebrovascular diseases suggest the effectiveness of disease control programmes which are implemented continuously and throughly in these enterprises. Efficient control programmes against malignant neoplasms remain to be established even in these well-cared populations.

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.167-171, 1993 (Released:2009-03-26)

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.7, pp.638-640, 1989 (Released:2009-03-26)

被引用文献数

1

著者

大脇 達雄 久津見 専

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.3, pp.237, 1963-03-20 (Released:2018-12-30)

著者

野村 茂

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.3, pp.183-184, 1964-03-20 (Released:2018-12-30)

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.7, pp.657-666, 1990 (Released:2009-03-26)

著者

島 正吾 吉田 勉 立川 壮一 加藤 保夫 三木 知子 日高 恵一 谷脇 弘茂 伊藤 哲也

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.6, pp.500-509, 1984 (Released:2009-03-26)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3 3

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Platinum and its compounds have characteristics that make them excellent oxygen sensors, and in recent years they have come to be used in large amounts in the manufacture of internal combustion engines. Recently, there have been detected among workers engaged in making platinum oxygen sensors, dermatitis and bronchial asthma which appear to be ascribable to exposure to chloroplatinate. This is a study of their etiology from the viewpoint of industrial hygiene and clinical medicine. The results obtained are as follows:1. Platinum-induced allergic disorders developed in a worker who applies about 50% chloroplatinate to zirconia porcelain. Although the concentration of platinum in the air was 2 μg/m3 or less as determined by ACGIH, the worker was directly exposed to the dried powder of ammonium chloroplatinate with relatively high concentration; while the exposure was intermittent and topical, it resulted in aspiration of the powder.2. Bronchial asthma observed in 2 of 16 workers (12.5%) was reactive in a skin drop test with 1% chloroplatinate, and typical bronchial asthma was induced in an environmental provocation test carried out in a room where platinum sensors are made. Parameters obtained from periphero-hematological and immuno-serological tests were within the normal range.3. The main symptoms revealed by physical examination of workers exposed to chloroplatinate contact dermatitis in 11 (78.6%), pharyngeal irritation in 6 (42.9%), nasal obstruction in 2 (14.3%), frequent sneezing, coughing, and sputum in one each. Diameter of the redness developed in a skin drop test with 1% chloroplatinate administered to 14 workers was 10 mm or more in 7 cases (50%).VC, %VC, FEV 1.0, FEV 1.0%, PF/Ht, V25/Ht and MMF were within the normal range in a pulmonary function test.Although periphero-hematological test results and leukograms were within the nomal range, an immuno-globulin test revealed abnormally high IgE level in one patient.There was also observed an increased IgE level in one anamnesis of bronchial asthma. Immunoglobulin levels other than IgE were approximately within normal range.

著者

白水 美智子 山口 誠哉 賀来 俊輔

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.123-135, 1976 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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Health effects of long-term tuna diet in cats were examined. The cats were fed daily with three kinds of tuna, containing different concentrations of mercury and selenium. The following results were obtained.1) A high correlation was noted between the amount of fish intake and the mercury level in hair and blood samples of cats.2) Mercury levels in organs were elevated corresponding with the amount of tuna consumption, but the distribution of mercury in organs of cats exposed to mercury in tuna flake differed from that in tuna fresh meat. In the liver, the ratio of methyl mercury to the total mercury was very low with an average of 11.5% of the ratio.3) With regard to selenium, there was no correlation between intake of selenium and selenium levels in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and kidneys, except in the liver (γ=0.766).4) None of the cats had definite methyl mercury poisoning, but some slight disturbances were noted in several cats.

著者

橋本 邦衛

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.9, pp.563-578, 1963-09-20 (Released:2008-04-14)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

9 7

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flicker値(FF)の生理学的意味を明らかにするにはチラツキの融合が,どの部位でおこるかを知ることである。Sherrington, Hecht, Granit以来,融合部位は網膜だと信ぜられてきたが,Walkerや小木の電気生理学的実験によって,視覚系に誘発される電位変動は,網膜でも融合するが,視覚皮質野では,その約1/2の低頻度で融合をおこすことが明らかにされ,また感覚的な融合頻度は,新皮質の興奮性を示す脳波のpatternとほぼ平行して変化することが,Gellhornや筆者によって確かめられた。また緊張や注意の集中によってFFが高進するのは,視覚中枢における生理的融合頻度の上昇とともに,視覚連合皮質の自発的興奮により,時間識別力が増大するためであって,おそらく中枢で生理的融合がおこる前に,これを感覚的に融合と判断する機能が,FFの基礎であると考えられる。 要するにFFは,視覚系をふくむ知覚連合皮質の興奮性の一つの表現であって,もし網膜の興奮性がほぼ一定に保たれ,またチラツキの出現点の判別に大きな誤差がなければ,FFは知覚皮質領域の興奮水準,あるいは意識の機能水準を示す生理学的指標とみることができ,また労働生理学や精神生理学の重要な研究手段として利用することができると考える。 FFは,疲労時に測定しても低下しないことがある。もし作業終了時のような,興奮が一時的に高まる時期に測定するとか,あるいはtestが被検者に興奮刺激を与えるようなことがあれば,FFの低下は陰蔽されて測定値に現われぬことも当然である。FFの測定が他の生理学的測定と最も異なる点は,testが被検者の意識状態を刺激し,それがFFを変化させること,つまり測定が不確定だということである。測定の物理的条件を一定にするだけではこの不確定性は解決されない。ここにflicker testの難かしさと意味が存在することを指摘し,測定の具体的な進め方について筆者の見解を述べた。

著者

田中 勇武 秋山 高

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.7, pp.628, 1983-12-20 (Released:2018-12-30)

著者

許容濃度等委員会

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.109-114, 1973 (Released:2011-03-04)

参考文献数

41

著者

高島 久 細田 裕 大武 八郎

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.6, 1970

著者

高島 久 細田 裕 大武 八郎

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.43, 1970

著者

村上 省三

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.3, pp.238-239, 1967

著者

橋本 和夫

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.4, pp.233-248, 1980-07-20 (Released:2008-04-14)

参考文献数

95

被引用文献数

2 11

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Acute and chronic toxicities of acrylamide (AAM) are reviewed with special reference to its dose-response relationship from literature concerning the general toxicology and industrial hygiene. Although the total doses of AAM for producing chronic neuropathy in animals showed considerable variation among literature sources, estimated mean concentrations of the compound in the nervous tissues do not seem to differ very much at any stage of the poisoning. Reports of human poisoning, most of them being due to occupational exposure, are referred and symptoms of the poisoning are summarized from these cases.

著者

鈴木 庄亮

出版者

社団法人 日本産業衛生学会

雑誌

産業医学 (ISSN:00471879)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.161, 1991 (Released:2009-03-26)