著者

中島 道七 出納 真平

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.202, pp.629-634, 1970-07-15

被引用文献数

1 6

著者

若杉 三紀夫 山本 高広 長澤 弘巳 市川 雅巳

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

学術講演会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.175-176, 1995

著者

若杉 三紀夫 山本 高広

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.457, pp.1372-1378, 1991-10-15

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The effects of three types of polymer modification on both hydration characteristics and physical properties of the gypsum pastes and mortars originated from anhydrite plaster have been studied at various polymer-gypsum ratios. The polymer dispersions used were ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylic ester and styrene-butadiene rubber. The degree of hydration of the gypsum pastes and mortars was examined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and porosity measurement. The setting time of fresh gypsum mortars (polymer-modified and unmodified) as well as the physical properties of hardened gypsum mortars were also measured. The hydration was complete in about 3 days, and the degree of hydration of the polymer-modified gypsum mortars was smaller than that of unmodified mortar. The setting time of gypsum mortars was retarded by the addition of polymer, and was affected by the chemical structure of polymer. The flexural and tensile strengths of the EVA-modified mortar with a polymer-gypsum ratio of 5% were higher than those of unmodified mortar. Its elastic modulus was the smallest of all, and further EVA-modified mortars showed small linear expansion. From the above test results, the EVA-modified gypsum mortar with a polymer-gypsum ratio of 5% was shown to be one of the candidates of the better plastering materials for polystyrene and polyurethane foams.

著者

大路 清嗣

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.359, pp.935-941, 1983-08-15

被引用文献数

1

著者

岡村 弘之

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.360, pp.1062-1067, 1983-09-15

著者

江原 隆一郎

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.8, pp.874-880, 1998-08-15

参考文献数

35

著者

真庭 徹也 堀中 順一 瀧川 敏算

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

学術講演会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, 2007-05-18

著者

岸本 昭

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.139, pp.264-269, 1965-04-15

被引用文献数

1

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Kamaboko is a heat-coagulated fish paste containing some salt, sugar, starch and flavor, and is one of the favorites of Japanese people. The rupture properties of Kamaboko, such as the breaking strength and the breaking elongation, are considered as one of the most important factors in evaluating the commercial quality of this product. The quality of Kamaboko has been estimated in terms of pastelike compactness which in Japanese is known as "Ashi". This in reality embodies rheological properties. The results of ranking Kamaboko on market by "Ashi" or compactness have shown that this is closely ralated to its being hard, but not so much so as to be tough, and also to its being fit for chewing chear cut. The organoleptic scores for the Kamaboko, how hard it is, were found to be related to the gel strength, the elastic energy stored in the specimen before breaking. On the contrary, the evaluation of Kamaboko being fit for chewing clear cut has not yet been breaking. On the contrary, the evaluation of Kamaboko being fit for chewing clear cut has not yet been established. The data for the creep in a simple shear, the stress relaxation in extension and the damped free oscillation in torsion of commercial Kamaboko have shown that this is considered to be a thermorheologically simple material and a slightly crosslinked rubbery material which exhibits no viscous flow. The results of stress relaxation of fresh fish meat paste were expressed as : [numerical formula] where &fnaf; is the stress at time t,&fnaf;_10 the value of &fnaf; at t=10sec, a and k the constants, and t the time, respectively. The stress relaxation measurements were made for the meat paste heated at various temperatures and heating time. It was found that the values of &fnaf;_10 increase and those of k decrease with increase of temperature and heating time. The measurements of the viscosity of the fish muscle extracts were made at various velocity gradients. The relation between the viscosity, η, and the velocity gradient, D, followed the de Waele-Ostwald law: η=K D^n where K and n are constants. Moreover, the viscosity,η, of fish muscle extracts at constant velocity gradient was found to be related to the concentration C as : η_<D=2> = kC^m.

著者

木村 和成 犬飼 隆夫 斎藤 潔 柏谷 英夫

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.425, pp.175-181, 1989-02-15

被引用文献数

1

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Older thermal power plants are increasing in number today which are to be used beyond their design lives. In order to keep their high performance and to extend their useful lives, it is quite necessary to fully understand the degradation phenomena of the component materials during service operation and to make more accurate life assessment. The embrittlement , one of the typical material degradations, was investigated for the CrMoV steam turbine rotors retired after long time service at high temperatures in thermal power plants, as well as for the laboratory aged rotors. The V notch Charpy impact tests showed a remarkable increase in the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT) in some rotors. The Auger electron spectroscopy analysis indicated that this increase was attributable to the phosphorus segregation to the grain boundary. The electrochemical polarization (ECP) test was applied to the rotor samples and the value of ECP minimum current density, which was corrected for the grain size obtained by the metallographical investigation of replica taken from the ECP test surface, was found to be a very good measure of the embrittlement. Based on these informations from ECP test, replica observation and rotor production record, a nondestructive method for evaluating in-service toughness degradation of CrMoV steam turbine rotors was presented. According to this method, the degraded FATT of a CrMoV rotor could be estimated within ±20℃.

著者

宮入 裕夫 北條 正樹

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.10, pp.1071-1077, 1996-10-15

被引用文献数

3 1

著者

久島 亥三雄 西原 清廉 森山 徐一郎 近藤 良夫

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料試験 (ISSN:03727971)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.39, 1956-12

著者

横井 秀輔 榎本 三郎

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.225, pp.589-593, 1972-06-15

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In order to investigate the mechanism of binding silicate as additive, the tablets were measured with respect to its hardness, which had been compressed with several kinds of magnesium aluminosilicate, and the process of its compression was observed. As the result of this experiment it has been ascertained that the hardness of the tablet is related to the specific surface area and to the apparent specific volume of magnesium aluminosilicate, and that the tablet itself becomes higher in hardness as the additive becomes lower in particles size. In the process of compression the secondary aggregate particles are considered to be distracted and to get dispersed into the base. The scanned electron micrographs will substantially represent the mechanical action of the secondary aggregate particles. The magnesium aluminosilicate is considered to act as binder by its porous fine particles in fiber forms increasing the number of contact points, and making interprticle crosslinkage among the base particles, and forming the interparticle bridge after the occurrence of plastic deformation, and further making mechanical nets of finely divided magnesium alminosilicate itself.

著者

熊谷 直一 笹嶋 貞雄 伊藤 英文

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.293, pp.155-161, 1978

被引用文献数

11

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Kumagai and Itô, since August 7, 1957, have been carrying out the measurements of creep, by bending, of two large beams of granite of a size of 215×12.3×6.8cm. The results obtained in 7, 10 and 13 years were published in this journal: Vol. 14 (p. 507), Vol. 17 (p. 925) and Vol. 20 (p. 185), respectively. Those obtained hitherto in nearly 20 years are given in this paper, which shows that the creep rate today is almost the same as that 10 years ago. And we have come to the conclusion that granite can do a plastic flow with a vanishingly small yield stress, <i>i.e</i>. a viscous flow. The viscosity of granite under the normal temperature and pressure is 3∼6×10²⁰ poises as found from the general trend of the creep.<br>Itô and Sasajima, since August, 1974, have been carrying out the similar measurements on three granite and three gabbro beams of smaller sizes, 21×2.5×2.0cm and 16×2.0×1.5cm, respectively. In these experiments, an optical flat was set on the upper polished surface of the beam bent convex upward to produce interference fringes of Na-D monochromatic light. By analysing the fringes, the profile of the upper surface was determined to an accuracy of one-tenth of one wavelength. The routine determination of the profile gave a change in the amount of bending with time. Although only 2.5 years have passed, it has been found that the secondary creep of the granite specimens in the general trend is comparable with that found in the previous experiment. As for the gabbro specimens, such a creep has not yet been observed clearly.<br>During the above two experiments, it has been observed that the creep does not show a steady and monotone progress, but does a repeated"return-back"with an irregular interval of more or less than one year. This strange phenomenon was first noticed after correcting the results of the former experiment for the annual variation of humidity. The latter experiment, being carried out in a constant humidity of neary 100%, shows a similar phenomenon.

著者

村上 敬宜 横山 ナンシー尚子 高井 健一

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.10, pp.1068-1073, 2001-10-15

被引用文献数

10 23

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The mechanism for fatigue failure in extremely high cycle fatigue in the regime of <i>N</i>>10⁷ is studied on a bearing steel, JIS SUJ2. Special focus was given to the fracture morphology in the vicinity of fracture origin (subsurface nonmetallic inclusion) of a heat treated bearing steel (Specimen QT). The particular morphology looks dark during optical microscopic observation. Specimens with short fatigue life of the order of <i>N_f</i>=10⁵ did not have such a dark area, ODA (optically dark area). To investigate the influence of the hydrogen trapped by nonmetallic inclusions on fatigue properties, specimens heat treated in a vacuum followed by quenching and tempering (Specimen VQ) were prepared. Specimens VQ contained 0.07ppm hydrogen as compared to 0.80ppm hydrogen for conventional Specimens QT. Specimens VQ had a slightly smaller ODA than Specimens QT. Hydrogen was detected by a Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer around the inclusion at fracture origin of Specimens QT and Specimens VQ. Thus, it can be concluded that the formation of ODA is closely related to hydrogen trapped by nonmetallic inclusions. Estimations of fatigue limit by the √<i>area</i> parameter model based on the original size of inclusions for fatigue limit defined for 10⁷ cycles are -10% unconservative. Considering the size of ODA into fatigue limit estimation, the √<i>area</i> parameter model can predict the mechanical fatigue threshold for small cracks without influence of hydrogen. The mechanism of duplex <i>S-N</i> curve is also discussed.

著者

戸田 裕之 山本 信 小林 正和 小林 俊郎 Qian Lihe 上杉 健太朗

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

学術講演会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, pp.85-86, 2007-05-18

著者

左近 淑郎 伊達 新吾

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1, pp.30-37, 1999-01-15

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

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The Nueber's rule which is a method widely used for estimating the elasto-plastic stress/strain concentration at notch tends to overestimate the strain concentration in general yield condition. This paper proposes to modify the application procedures of the Nueber's rule to improve the shortcoming . The modified procedures defined the nominal stress and strain by the sectional averaged-Mises equivalent stress and strain in order to take account of the multiaxial stress state in the notched section. This paper also describes the extensional application of the modified Neuber's rule to the creep loading and the deformation-controlled loading conditions which are important in the life evaluation of high temperature components. The effectiveness of the propsoed procedures are verified by the inelastic finite element analyses for notched plates. As the result, it is shown that the change of creep stress/strain concentaration with time can be estiamted by the method proposed. It can be also applied to the deformation-controlled loading based on the nominal equivalent stress estimated by considering the elastic follow-up behavior of the notched members.

著者

木下 惠介 下川 智嗣 喜成 年泰

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

学術講演会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, pp.411-412, 2012-05-25

著者

浜島 拓美 飴山 惠 冨士 明良

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.505, pp.1224-1230, 1995-10-15

被引用文献数

1 8

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This paper describes the microstructural change of a Ti/Al friction weld interface during heat treatment at 673K, 773K, and 873K. TEM/EDS observations of a commercially pure Al/Ti weld confirmed that only the Al_3Ti phase formed at the weld interface during heat treatment at 773K or 873K, while no intermetallic compound formed during heat treatment at 673K. The Al_3Ti phase was composed of fine equiaxed grains nucleated at the interface boundary and grown up to a few microns in diameter during the heat treatment. Although the Si content was less than 0.12 at% in the commercial Al/Ti weld, approximately 5 at% Si was solved into the Al_3Ti phase and a large amount of Si segregation, almost 20 at%, was detected at the Ti/Al_3Ti interface. No silicide formed during the heat treatment and the sugregation of Si was always observed. The observation of the specimen heat treated at 673K confirmed that Si segregation took place before the formation of the Al_3Ti phase. The faster growth rate of the Al_3Ti phase in the highly pure Al/Ti weld at 873K strongly suggested that the Si segregation retarded growth of the Al_3Ti phase. The growth rate of the Al_3Ti phase heat treated at 873K was in proportion to the square root of the holding time in the early stage of the heat treatment up to 3.6 ksec, while it was linearly proportional to the holding time in the latter stage of the heat treatment.

著者

岸本 喜久雄

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料 (ISSN:05145163)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.2, pp.238-244, 2000-02-15

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 2

著者

松下 竹次郎 酒井 達郎 中川 鶴太郎

出版者

社団法人日本材料学会

雑誌

材料試験 : journal of the Japan Society for Testing Materials (ISSN:03727971)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.92, pp.342-343, 1961-05-15

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Rheological analysis of "body" or consistency of "yokan" (pasty food made from gelation of concentrated starch suspension in sugar solution by agar-agar) was done by using a curdometer. Thirty samples of yokan from various makers were tested. As a first step, they were classified into three groups, i.e., good, medium, and poor, according to their practical evaluation, e.g., "body", stiffness or consistency. The curdometer used was a modified penetrometer. A small circular disk is pushed into the sample paste by means of a spring. Penetration of the disk is recorded on a drum. From observation of the recorded curves, it is possible to evaluate elastic deflection, plastic yielding or viscous flow of the paste. High grade yokan of good body is characterized by high viscosity and a sort of strain-hardening. Yokans of poor body, on the other hand, show continuous flow after plastic yielding. Their mechanical properties were compared with their compositions and chemical constituents. Sufficiently high value of starch and sugar content is necessary for the appearance of good body. Rheological data, so acquired and properly analysed, were used effectively in the design of a continuous processing plant of yokans.