著者

水野 忠尚

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.37-53, 2014 (Released:2019-08-23)

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The relationship between the Nazi Large Space Economy Project and the integration of Europe is rarely discussed. Predöhlʼs thoughts were ap-plied not only to the Nazi Project, but also to the European integration after World War II. Predöhl maintained that conflict arises be-tween economic space and political space, when economic space goes beyond the borders of po-litical space (national territory). After the Industrial Revolution, the econom-ic space of the world economy expanded and concentrated economic poles emerged succes-sively in Europe, U. S. A., and the Soviet Union. However, the depression of the 1920s prevented the efficient functioning of the European pole, because every country tried to protect its own economy by restricting foreign trade and creat-ing a block economy. Controls on foreign trade and exchange were strengthened. The economies of big countries, like the U. S. A. and the Soviet Union, were more open than those of European countries. There were two ways to extend the econom-ic space in Europe: (1) the Nazi Project and (2) European integration in the form of the Europe-an Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC). The Nazi Project was based on military control while the EEC was federal and communal. However, the Nazi Project was backed by military power, and thus, it opposed economic rationality. The only way to reconstruct the European pole was by reducing the influence of national politics. Predöhlʼs idea that political space should harmonize with economic space is worth recon-sidering today and provides valuable hints to-ward understanding the present world situation. JEL classification numbers: B 15, B 31, F 15.

著者

松山 直樹

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.54-72, 2014 (Released:2019-08-23)

被引用文献数

1

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This paper addresses the relativity of ‘chivalry’ and ‘fair wage’ in both Alfred Marshall’s eco-nomics and Thomas Carlyle’s works. Particular-ly, it is well-known that Marshall’s theory of economic growth has two core notions: ‘standard of life’ and ‘economic chivalry,’ but only the lat-ter has not always been considered as an eco-nomic notion. In order to define the theoretical implication of ‘economic chivalry,’ it is impor-tant to associate the ‘economic chivalry’ with the economic concept of ‘a fair rate of wage’ that is one of the fundamental conditions of economic growth. The reason is that the common signifi-cance of both concepts is to make sure of the sense of the word ‘fair’ on employment under the economic freedom. In the meantime, it must be noted that Carlyle’s Past and Present (1843), which propounded the ‘Captains of Industry’ to improve upon the condition of economic free-dom as ‘laissez-faire,’ also illustrates the relativi-ty of ‘chivalry’ and ‘fair wage.’ This paper, hence, shows that Marshall’s ‘economic chivalry’ and ‘a fair rate of wage’ has the philosophical similarity with Carlyle’s ‘chivalry of labour’ and ‘fair wage’ principle. Moreover, the paper also demonstrates that there exists an ideological consistency be- tween Marshall’s ‘A Fair Rate of Wages’ (1887) and his ‘Social Possibilities of Economic Chiv-alry’ (1907). JEL classification numbers: B 13, B 31, J 30.

著者

荒井 智行

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.73-91, 2014 (Released:2019-08-23)

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This paper analyzes Dugald Stewartʼs (1753― 1828) work on education, focusing on the fourth book, Of the Education of the Lower Orders, in his Lectures on Political Economy (1800― 1810). Stewartʼs motivation to address education in his Lectures arose from a genuine interest in the lower orderʼs lack of intellect. During the late eighteenth century, British society underwent rapid social changes, such as the diffusion of the press and advancement in the sciences. Stewart asserted the need for a new educational system commensurate with these social changes. On the other hand, Stewart was also interested in the progression of industriali-zation and the problems faced by laborers in an increasingly large labor force. He recognized that many factory laborers had been demonstrat-ing against moral corruption and ignorance as a result of excessive work. In response, Stewart demanded cuts in working hours and empha-sized workersʼ need for education. He thought it important to provide factory laborers incentives to work and thereby achieve happiness; he be-lieved such actions could help improve the hu-man mind, as repeatedly emphasized in his Lec-tures. For Stewart, “the incentive” was key to con-necting his moral philosophy with education. In his arguments on education, “the incentive,” to be provided to society was rooted in his practi-cal moral philosophy. With regard to this point, I illuminate the significance of Stewart’s view re-garding the effect of reading and literary educa-tion for incentivizing the “lower orders.” In the concluding section, I briefly summa-rize the paper and describe the significance of Stewart’s original view of education in the con-text of the history of economic thought at the turn of the nineteenth century in Britain. JEL classification numbers: B 30, B 31, I 31.

著者

川俣 雅弘

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.106-107, 2013 (Released:2019-11-27)

著者

宮本 順介

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.108-109, 2013 (Released:2019-11-27)

著者

近藤 真司

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.110-111, 2013 (Released:2019-11-27)

著者

岩下 伸朗

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.112-113, 2013 (Released:2019-11-27)

著者

山崎 好裕

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.114-115, 2013 (Released:2019-11-27)

著者

大倉 正雄

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.116-117, 2013 (Released:2019-11-28)

著者

只腰 親和

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.118-119, 2013 (Released:2019-11-28)

著者

川又 祐

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.120-121, 2013 (Released:2019-11-28)

参考文献数

3

著者

野原 秀次

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.122-123, 2013 (Released:2019-11-28)

著者

西林 勝吾

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.53-74, 2013 (Released:2019-08-23)

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In this paper, I place A. V. Kneeseʼs water quali-ty management system into a lineage of “exter-nal diseconomy.” Although Kneese is recog-nized as one of the most influential environmen-tal economists by some scholars, his work has fallen out of favor. However, his arguments are still effective when we examine the problem of modern environmental pollution. Environmental pollution is classified as an external diseconomy, a concept that is generally acknowledged to have originated in A. C. Pig-ouʼs book, The Economics of Welfare. To reme-dy the problem of external diseconomy, tradi-tional approaches in the Pigouvian and Coasean tradition have suggested “Pigouvian taxes” or the “Coase Theorem.” Kneese critically ad-dressed both theories and the prevailing policy tools pertaining to water quality management by considering water pollution in 1960s United States. Kneeseʼs work on water quality management has been characterized in the following manner: “Kneese is the first economist after Pigou to treat externalities analytically and, at the same time, express a serious concern for pollution.” As stated above, Kneeseʼs work is based on the concept of external diseconomy. However, there is a clear difference between how Pigou and Kneese conceptualize the effects of external dis-economy. The nature of this difference lies in the criticism of external diseconomy by W. K. Kapp and R. H. Coase. Kapp criticized external diseconomy by arguing the concept of “social cost” from the standpoint of “institutional eco-nomics,” and Coase criticized it by arguing the concept of “transaction cost” from the standpoint of “new-institutional economics.” Kneeseʼs ex-ternality argument, which was influenced by the criticism of Kapp and Coase, takes both “institu-tional” and “new-institutional” standpoints. JEL classification numbers: B 15, Q 50.

著者

髙 哲男

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.75-85, 2013 (Released:2019-08-23)

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The rapid economic growth from the late 19th century in America was achieved with policies representing ʻAmerican Exceptionalism.ʼ It jus-tified the protection of infant industries to make America independent from the old and feudalistic European Powers. The main econom-ic policies consisted of the internal laissez-fair and the external protectionism. American eco-nomic thought was obliged to change from the traditional field of moral philosophy to explain-ing practical economic policies when modern scientific technologies created the emergency of labor management conflict in factories employ-ing high industrial productivity and a mass of unskilled labors. The outbreak of the so-called social problem promoted the establishment of economic depart-ment in universities, educating new business men for managing new large industries and oth-er public services. The universities required the training of faculty members to teach graduate courses. In the graduate courses of economics, main textbooks sifted from J. S. Millʼs Principles to A. Marshallʼs Economics and the writings of German Historical School. Since graduate stu-dents wanted to learn practical economics, seek-ing appropriate policies for solving social prob-lems, studentʼs research works into fundamental theories and thoughts of economics slighted. This situation began to change in the 1920ʼs, when economists and graduate students began to seek new methods to achieve a theoretically uni-fied system of economics appropriate for the American economy. The making of American economics, therefore, indispensably accompa-nied with the study of the economic thoughts in order to ascertain its origins and significances in the historical studies, and not a few outstanding works were written at that time. JEL classification numbers: B 1, B 13, B 15.

著者

奥山 誠

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.86-104, 2013 (Released:2019-08-23)

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The purpose of this paper is to survey German and Japanese studies of Werner Sombartʼs thought during the past 20 years. The Heilbronn Conference in 1991, organized by Jürgen Back-haus, led to a Sombart revival that followed “a renaissance of the German Historical School” in the 1980s. Many scholars were encouraged to reconsider the contributions of Sombart to the development of German economics. Section I of this paper offers an explanation of why an energetic rediscovery of Sombart has occurred in the past 20 years. Section II proffers commentary on three excellent books and arti-cles on Sombart published in Germany (Appel 1992; Brocke 1992; Lenger 1994). These three works deserve to be discussed in detail because they provide fresh insights into Sombartʼs life, academic achievements, and his influence on contemporaries as well as later generations. In addition, the three volumes edited by Backhaus (1996 a; 1996 b; 1996 c) that summarize the re-sults of the Heilbronn conference are noted, along with the work of Takebayashi (2003), which is one of the most valuable studies focus-ing on Sombart and Weber during the past dec-ade. Section III considers recent publications on Sombart in Japan. Since the late 1990s, Japanese Sombart studies concerning the history of eco-nomic thought have been on the rise, perhaps in-spired by the outstanding studies in Germany that occurred nearly a decade earlier. Tamura(1996; 1997; 1998), Yanagisawa (1998; 2001), Makino (2003), and a few emerging scholars will be reviewed here. In this section, the rela-tive novelty of recent Japanese studies on Som-bart is elucidated in comparison with that of re-cent German scholarship. Section IV provides suggestions as to what subjects may merit fur-ther exploration in the future. JEL classification numbers: B 15, B 21, B 31.

著者

伊藤 宣広

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.86-87, 2013 (Released:2019-10-31)

著者

竹本 洋

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.88-89, 2013 (Released:2019-10-31)

著者

森 直人

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.90-91, 2013 (Released:2019-10-31)

著者

服部 茂幸

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.92-93, 2013 (Released:2019-10-31)

著者

森下 宏美

出版者

経済学史学会

雑誌

経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.2, pp.94-95, 2013 (Released:2019-10-31)