著者
西林 勝吾
出版者
経済学史学会
雑誌
経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.1, pp.53-74, 2013 (Released:2019-08-23)

In this paper, I place A. V. Kneeseʼs water quali-ty management system into a lineage of “exter-nal diseconomy.” Although Kneese is recog-nized as one of the most influential environmen-tal economists by some scholars, his work has fallen out of favor. However, his arguments are still effective when we examine the problem of modern environmental pollution. Environmental pollution is classified as an external diseconomy, a concept that is generally acknowledged to have originated in A. C. Pig-ouʼs book, The Economics of Welfare. To reme-dy the problem of external diseconomy, tradi-tional approaches in the Pigouvian and Coasean tradition have suggested “Pigouvian taxes” or the “Coase Theorem.” Kneese critically ad-dressed both theories and the prevailing policy tools pertaining to water quality management by considering water pollution in 1960s United States. Kneeseʼs work on water quality management has been characterized in the following manner: “Kneese is the first economist after Pigou to treat externalities analytically and, at the same time, express a serious concern for pollution.” As stated above, Kneeseʼs work is based on the concept of external diseconomy. However, there is a clear difference between how Pigou and Kneese conceptualize the effects of external dis-economy. The nature of this difference lies in the criticism of external diseconomy by W. K. Kapp and R. H. Coase. Kapp criticized external diseconomy by arguing the concept of “social cost” from the standpoint of “institutional eco-nomics,” and Coase criticized it by arguing the concept of “transaction cost” from the standpoint of “new-institutional economics.” Kneeseʼs ex-ternality argument, which was influenced by the criticism of Kapp and Coase, takes both “institu-tional” and “new-institutional” standpoints. JEL classification numbers: B 15, Q 50.
著者
山下 英俊 寺西 俊一 大島 堅一 石田 信隆 寺林 暁良 山川 俊和 藤谷 岳 西林 勝吾 藤井 康平 浅井 美香 石倉 研
出版者
一橋大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2013-04-01

日本において、地域主体型の再生可能エネルギー事業を促進するために求められる政策を明らかにするため、全国の導入事例の中からコミュニティ・パワーの基準に該当する事業を抽出し、事業の意思決定、資金調達、利益配分などの実態を調査した。その結果、地元自治体との関係性が事業化の鍵となることが判明した。そこで、全国の基礎自治体を対象とした再生可能エネルギーに対する取り組みに関する実態調査を実施し、積極的に推進しようとしている自治体の特徴を明らかにした。特に、地域活性化の観点から太陽光発電以外の事業に取り組んでいる自治体の果たしうる役割は大きく、こうした自治体を支援する制度的枠組みの必要性が確認された。