著者
山本 英子
出版者
経済学史学会
雑誌
経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.1, pp.21-48, 2016 (Released:2019-08-31)
被引用文献数
1 2

Turgot is known not only as a physiocrat, but also as the author of Valeurs et Monnaies (c1769?), in which he discusses the subjective theory of value: this work earned him a pre-eminent position in the field. Prior to Turgotʼs discussion, Graslin presented more detailed accounts of the subjective theory of value, providing logical arguments against physiocracy. In his Essai Analitique sur la Richesse et sur lʼImpôt (1767), Graslin refuted physiocratic doctrines, especially the concepts of net product and productive/non-productive classes. While initially critical of Graslinʼs assertations, Turgot later adopted his views in Valeurs et Monnaies. Although Turgot contributed to the field of economics, he provided only an intro-duction to marginal utility, equivalent to Galianiʼs signs in Della Moneta (1751), because Turgot could not totally abandon physiocratic concepts. However, Graslin proposed that all economic activities and national policies should be considered in the context of the subjec-tive theory of value. More fundamentally, he assumed that human capacity for awareness of desires and needs has always been constant and showed that an increase in the amount of ob-jects would cause a decrease in their value. Preceding studies consider that Graslin expressed only average value and that he did not show the basis of marginal utility. Although, in his de-scriptions of value, there were possibilities to mislead, it is quite possible to interpret him a forerunner of the marginal utility theory and thus distinguish him from other authors of his era. JEL classification numbers: B 11, B31.
著者
田中 秀臣
出版者
経済学史学会
雑誌
経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.2, pp.108-111, 2016 (Released:2019-08-30)

若田部昌澄『解剖アベノミクス』日本経済新聞出版社,2013 年 伊東光晴『アベノミクス批判―四本の矢を折る』岩波書店,2014 年 西部忠『貨幣という謎―金と日銀券とビットコイン』NHK 出版新書,2014 年 服部茂幸『アベノミクスの終焉』岩波新書,2014 年
著者
松野尾 裕
出版者
経済学史学会
雑誌
経済学史研究 (ISSN:18803164)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.2, pp.1-24, 2016 (Released:2019-08-30)

Abstract: Hideko Maruoka was a Japanese woman economist. Born in Nagano in 1903, she grew up in the home of the grandparents of her mother, who were poor peasants. She was very interested in the livelihood of rural women, and so when she got a job with the Sangyo Kumiai Chuokai (Agricultural Cooperatives Federation) in 1929, she investigated the lives of rural women nationwide under the depression of the 1930s. Maruoka studied the plight of rural women as agricultural laborers, housewives, and mothers. Her first work entitled Nihon Nohson Fujin Mondai: Shufu Bosei Hen (Rural Wom-enʼs Problem in Japan: Housewife and Motherhood) was published in 1937, where she emphasized that rural women are representative of all women who bear harsh maternal life, sexual discrimination, and feudal servitude. After the war, Maruoka participated in various associations such as the Fujin Minshu Club (Japan Womenʼs Democratic Club) founded in 1946 and the Shin Nihon Fujin no Kai (New Japan Womenʼs Association) founded in 1962, and was busy with various womenʼs agricultural cooperative movements. However, she continued to study, and her important post-war work Bukka to Kakeibo (Prices and Household Management) was published in 1963, where she wrote that family budgets are much distorted by the total inadequacy of social security. The United Nationʼs proclamation of 1975 as the International Womenʼs Year and declaration of a decade for women gave Maruoka, who was by then over 70 years old, the motivation to study further, and she studied the problems of rural women once again with younger colleagues. Over her lifetime, Maruoka published numerous books that show her as a researcher of opposition. Her last work entitled Fujin Shisou Keiseishi Note, in two volumes, studies the history of womenʼs liberation thoughts from the Meiji Era to the Showa Era, 1975 / 82. Throughout her life, Maruoka wrote and spoke of rural women's problem as the origin of all womenʼs problems. JEL classification numbers: B 29, B 31, J 71.