著者

Asashiba Hideto

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Journal of Algebra (ISSN:00218693)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.334, no.1, pp.109-149, 2011-05-15

被引用文献数

42

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Let G be a group acting on a category C. We give a definition for a functor F : C -> C' to be a G-covering and three constructions of the orbit category C/G, which generalizes the notion of a Galois covering of locally finite-dimensional categories with group G whose action on C is free and locally bonded defined by Gabriel. Here C/G is defined for any category C and we do not require that the action of G is free or locally bounded. We show that a G-covering is a universal "G-invariant" functor and is essentially given by the canonical functor C -> C/G. By using this we improve a covering technique for derived equivalences. Also we prove theorems describing the relationships between smash product construction and the orbit category construction by Cibils and Marcos (2006) without the assumption that the G-action is free. The orbit category construction by a cyclic group generated by an auto-equivalence modulo natural isomorphisms (e.g., the construction of cluster categories) is justified by a notion of the "colimit orbit category". In addition, we give a presentation of the orbit category of a category with a monoid action by a quiver with relations, which enables us to calculate many examples.

著者

Omori Saori Mabe Katsuhiro Hatanaka Kanako Ono Masayoshi Matsumoto Mio Takahashi Masakazu Yoshida Takeshi Ono Shoko Shimizu Yuichi Sugai Nozomi Suzuki Akira Katsuki Shinichi Fujii Takahiro Kato Mototsugu Asaka Masahiro Sakamoto Naoya

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Pathology, Research and Practice (ISSN:03440338)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.210, no.7, pp.440-443, 2014-07

被引用文献数

14

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It remains unclear whether or not human intestinal spirochetosis (HIS) has any associated symptoms or lesions. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of HIS in sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) and their possible association. Following identification of early cecal cancer with SSA/P accompanied by a colonization of HIS, we went on to conduct a retrospective case-control study using endoscopically resected SSA/P specimens to examine the frequency of HIS infection in SSA/Ps. Nineteen SSA/P cases and 172 controls were obtained. The rate of HIS infection was significantly higher at 52.6% (10/19) in the SSA/P cases compared to the controls at 8.1% (14/172). Our SSA/P series were associated with a remarkably higher rate of HIS than controls or than previously reported. This is the first report to provide evidence for potential association between HIS and SSA/Ps. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

著者

Imagawa Fumi Minagawa Haruka Nakayama Yosuke Kanno Keiichi Hayakawa Toshihiko Kojima Soichi

出版者

ELSEVIER

雑誌

Journal of Cereal Science (ISSN:07335210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, pp.38-43, 2018-09-14

被引用文献数

5

著者

Kada Masaru Tomoyasu Kazuo Yoshinobu Yasuo

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Topology and its Applications (ISSN:01668641)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.153, no.17, pp.3313-3319, 2006-11

被引用文献数

1

著者

by Angela R. Glatston

出版者

Elsevier

巻号頁・発行日

2011

著者

IJIRI Daichi HIGUCHI Asami SAEGUSA Akito MIURA Moe MATSUBARA Tomoko KANAI Yukio OHTSUKA Akira HIRABAYASHI Miho

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

General and Comparative Endocrinology (ISSN:00166480)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.186, pp.94-100,

被引用文献数

6

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This study examined the hypothesis that a novel prolactin-like protein gene (PRL-L) is involved in cold-induced growth of skeletal muscle in chicks. Six-day-old chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) were exposed to cold at 4 °C or kept warm at 30 °C for 24 h. Cold exposure induced significant increases in PRL-L expression that coincided with increases in the weight of the sartorius muscle, which comprises both fast- and slow-twitch fibers. Meanwhile, no induction of PRL-L mRNA was observed in the heart, liver, kidney, brain, or fat. Myoblast cells that expressed PRL-L mRNA grew faster than untransduced cells in media containing 2% serum. These results suggested that PRL-L might be involved in in controlling cold-induced muscle growth of chicks.

著者

Ohta Asuka Yamamoto Yuuki Kamihata Hidenobu Lee Young Hoon Ichikawa Fusao Ohta Kazuchika Abe Yuriko Hoshino Naomi Kojima Masaaki Hayami Shinya オオタ アスカ ヤマモト ユウキ カミハタ ヒデノブ イチカワ フサオ オオタ カズチカ アベ ユリコ ホシノ ナオミ コジマ マサアキ ハヤミ シンヤ 太田 明日香 山本 裕貴 上畠 秀允 市川 聡夫 太田 和親 阿部 百合子 星野 直美 小島 正明 速水 真也

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Inorganic Chemistry Communications (ISSN:13877003)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.89-91, 2012-02

被引用文献数

12

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The chiral and racemic oxovanadium(IV)salmmencomplexes, [VO(X)-(C16-salmmen)] (X =R(1),S(2), and rac(3); C16-salmmen = N,N'-monomethylenebis(5-hexadecyloxysalicylideneimine))containing 5-substituted alkoxy chains on aromaticrings were synthesized, and their mesomorphicbehaviorsand ferroelectric properties were alsoinvestigated. All complexes exhibited bothsmectic Aand chiral smectic C mesophasesabove 360 K, andtheyshowed ferroelectric properties in the chiral smectic Cmesophase.

著者

Fujii Yoshiaki

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISSN:13646826)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.5, pp.643-652, 2011

被引用文献数

1 8

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This study suggests that the cause of the stagnation in global warming in the mid 20th century was the atmospheric nuclear explosions detonated between 1945 and 1980. The estimated GST drop due to fine dust from the actual atmospheric nuclear explosions based on the published simulation results by other researchers (a single column model and Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model) has served to explain the stagnation in global warming. Atmospheric nuclear explosions can be regarded as full-scale in situ tests for nuclear winter. The non-negligible amount of GST drop from the actual atmospheric explosions suggests that nuclear winter is not just a theory but has actually occurred, albeit on a small scale. The accuracy of the simulations of GST by IPCC would also be improved significantly by introducing the influence of fine dust from the actual atmospheric nuclear explosions into their climate models; thus, global warming behavior could be more accurately predicted.

著者

Komagata Sayaka Nakajima Miki Tsuchiya Yuki Kato Miki Kizu Ryoichi Kyo Satoru Yokoi Tsuyoshi

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ISSN:09600760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.1, pp.79-86, 2006-07-01

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金沢大学大学院医学系研究科機能分子医薬学Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a ligand-inducible transcription factor that mediates the biological effects of estrogens and antiestrogens. Many point mutations in the human ERα gene have been reported to be associated with breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and psychiatric diseases. However, functional analyses for most mutants with amino acid changes are still lacking. In the present study, to investigate the effects of point mutations on the function, gel-shift assays and luciferase assays were performed for eight kinds of mutated ERα proteins, including a single nucleotide change of C207G (N69K), G478T (G160C), T887C (L296P), A908G (K303R), C926T (S309F), A1058T (E353V), A1186G (M396V), and G1231deletion (411fsX7). The mutated ERα expression plasmids were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. With gel-shift assays using in vitro translated ERα proteins, binding to the consensus estrogen response element (ERE) was observed for the mutated ERα proteins except ERα (G160C) and ERα (411fsX7), the binding of which was comparable with that of the wild type. Western blot analyses showed that ERα (G160C) could not be efficiently translated with the in vitro transcription/translation system and that ERα (411fsX7) produced a truncated protein. To investigate the transactivation potency, wild-type or mutated ERα expression plasmids were co-transfected with pGL3-3EREc38 reporter plasmid into human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-435 cells. The concentration-response curves (10 pM-100 nM E2) of the mutant ERα proteins except ERα (E353V) and ERα (411fsX7) were similar to that of wild-type ERα. However, at a low level of E2 (100 pM), the mutants ERα (N69K), ERα (L296P), ERα (S309F), and ERα (M396V) showed a significant decrease of transactivation compared with that of the wild-type ERα. The mutants ERα (E353V) and ERα (411fsX7) did not show responsiveness to E2 and antiestrogens, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT) and ICI 182,780. The mutant ERα (S309F) showed decreased responsiveness for the antiestrogenicity of 4OHT. In conclusion, we found that some of the naturally occurring human ERα mutants with amino acid changes may have an altered responsiveness to estrogen and antiestrogens. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

著者

Matsushita Takashi Fujimoto Manabu Hasegawa Minoru Komura Kazuhiro Takehara Kazuhiko Tedder Thomas F. Sato Shinichi

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

American Journal of Pathology (ISSN:00029440)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.168, no.3, pp.812-821, 2006-03-01

被引用文献数

90

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Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nerve system that is considered a T helper type 1 (Th1)-mediated autoimmune disease. EAE currently serves as an experimental animal model for multiple sclerosis in human. Cytokines, such as interferon-γ and interleukin-10, play a key role in the development and remission of EAE. Recent studies have also shown a role for B cells in the pathogenesis of EAE. Therefore, we examined the role of CD19, a B cell-specific surface molecule that defines signaling thresholds critical for B-cell responses and autoimmunity, on the development of EAE. Following immunization with myeiin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide, CD19-deficient (CD19-/-) mice exhibited higher clinical and pathological severity scores of EAE than wild-type mice. The increased severity of EAE in CD19-/- mice was associated with polarized Th1 cytokines in the inflamed central nerve system but not with anti-MOG antibodies in the serum. MOG-primed CD19-/- B cells produced high levels of interferon-γ, and transfer of MOG-primed CD19-/- B cells to wild-type mice worsened the disease. Thus, CD19 modulates the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in B cells and plays a critical role as a suppressive molecule in the development of EAE. Copyright © American Society for Investigative Pathology.

著者

Kameyama K. Sakoda Y. Tamai K. Nagai M. Akashi H. Kida H.

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Virus Research (ISSN:01681702)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.116, no.1, pp.78-84, 2006-03

被引用文献数

2 15

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Cytopathogenic (cp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain KS86-1cp was isolated from a cow persistently infected with non-cytopathogenic (ncp) BVDV strain KS86-1ncp after development of mucosal disease by superinfection with cp BVDV strain Nose. cp BVDV strains 799cp and 839cp were also isolated from independent cattle that developed mucosal disease by superinfection with cp BVDV KS86-1cp. In the present study, genetic analysis revealed that the genes of cp BVDV strains 799cp and 839cp were chimeras between the genes of the persisting ncp BVDVs and that of superinfecting KS86-1cp. The genetic recombination that generates 799cp occurred between the identical points in the Npro gene region, whereas genetic recombination that generates 839cp occurred between different points in the Npro gene region. Both 799cp and 839cp were inherited Jiv gene of KS86-1cp strain and envelope protein genes of the persisting viruses. In addition, neutralization test disclosed that antigenicities of 799cp, 839cp, and KS86-1cp were also similar to each persisting virus. These findings indicate that exogenous cp BVDV containing insertion of Jiv gene in the 5 terminal region can induce genetic recombination with the original ncp BVDV at different points in the Npro gene region, and those viruses have high potential to change those antigenicities and pathogenicities by RNA recombination.

著者

Demaine Erik D. Demaine Martin L. Harvey Nicholas J. A. Uehara Ryuhei Uno Takeaki Uno Yushi

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Theoretical Computer Science (ISSN:03043975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.521, pp.51-61, 2013-11-22

被引用文献数

8

---

This paper investigates the popular card game UNO from the viewpoint of algorithmic combinatorial game theory. We define simple and concise mathematical models for the game, including both cooperative and uncooperative versions, and analyze their computational complexity. In particular, we prove that even a single-player version of UNO is NP-complete, although some restricted cases are in P. Surprisingly, we show that the uncooperative two-player version is also in P.

著者

editor-in-chief Tatau Nishinga volume editor Peter Rudolph

出版者

Elsevier

巻号頁・発行日

2015

著者

edited by Tatau Nishinaga

出版者

Elsevier

巻号頁・発行日

2015

著者

Nishimura Hirokazu

出版者

ELSEVIER

雑誌

Handbook of quantum logic and quantum structures : quantum logic

巻号頁・発行日

pp.227-260, 2007-08

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* single copies can be downloaded and printed for the reader's personal research and study

著者

Yoshizawa Yuichi Honda Shin-ichiro Shibuya Akira

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Molecular immunology (ISSN:01615890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, pp.216-219, 2014-02

被引用文献数

4

---

Antibody exerts various immune responses via binding to Fc receptors expressed on immune cells. Although several reports have demonstrated that IgM prevents autoantibody production, the role of IgM Fc receptors is largely unknown. To analyze the involvement of Fcα/μR (CD351), an Fc receptor for IgM and IgA expressed on B cells and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), in IgM-mediated suppression of autoantibody production, we generated mice deficient in Fcα/μR on the background of MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/lpr (Fcamr−/−Faslpr/lpr) mice. Fcamr−/−Faslpr/lpr mice showed significantly lower titers of IgG autoantibodies against double strand (ds) DNA, histone and cardiolipin in the sera than did Fcamr+/+Faslpr/lpr mice. Moreover, Fcamr−/−Faslpr/lpr mice showed higher survival rate at the ages of 28, 32 and 40 weeks old, compared with Fcamr+/+Faslpr/lpr mice. These results suggest that Fcα/μR enhances, rather than suppresses, autoantibody production.

著者

Li Shuhong Sang Yaxin Zhu Dan Yang Yingnan Lei Zhongfang Zhang Zhenya

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Industrial crops and products (ISSN:09266690)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, pp.666-672, 2013-10

被引用文献数

28

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In this study, orthogonal experimental design and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the fermentation conditions for crude polysaccharides (MPS) production from the strain Morchella esculenta (M. esculenta) by soybean curd residue (SCR). The MPS yield varied depending on the nutrition contents added in SCR and fermentation time, fermentation temperature and inoculum size by M. esculenta during solid-state fermentation. The optimal fermentation conditions achieved for MPS production 95.82 ± 1.37 mg/g were glucose 4%, (NH4)2SO4 1.5%, water 75% and MgSO4·7H2O 0.2%, fermentation temperature 22.6 °C, fermentation time 21 days and inoculum size 2.67%, respectively. Furthermore, purified polysaccharides (PMPS) exhibited a positive antioxidant activity. The results provide a reference for large-scale production of polysaccharides by M. esculenta using SCR in the medical and food industries.

著者

Ichikawa Masao Inada Haruhiko Kumeji Minae

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Journal of affective disorders (ISSN:01650327)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.152-154, pp.183-185, 2014-01

被引用文献数

14 8

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BackgroundA recent preliminary communication suggested that the calming effect of blue lights installed at the ends of railway platforms in Japan reduced suicides by 84%. This estimate is potentially misleading from an epidemiological point of view and is reconsidered in the present study.MethodsGovernmental data listing all railway suicide attempts in Japan from April 2002 to March 2012 were used to investigate the proportion of suicide attempts within station premises, where blue lights are potentially installed, and at night, when they would be lit. For those suicide attempts within station premises, we also estimated the proportion that occurred at the ends of the platforms at night.ResultsOf 5841 total reported suicide attempts, 43% occurred within the station premises, 43% occurred at night (from 18:00 to 05:59), and 14% occurred both within the station premises and at night. Of the 2535 attempts within station premises, 32% occurred at night and 28% at most were at the end of a platform at night.LimitationsThe exact proportion of nighttime suicide attempts at the ends of railway platforms was not calculable. Nonetheless, the proportion of suicide attempts that is potentially preventable by blue lights should be less than our conservative estimate.ConclusionsThe installation of blue lights on platforms, even were they to have some effect in preventing railway suicides at night, would have a much smaller impact than previously estimated.

著者

Yata Kazuyoshi Aoshima Makoto

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Journal of multivariate analysis (ISSN:0047259X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, pp.334-354, 2013-11

被引用文献数

20

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In this paper, we propose a general spiked model called the power spiked model in high-dimensional settings. We derive relations among the data dimension, the sample size and the high-dimensional noise structure. We first consider asymptotic properties of the conventional estimator of eigenvalues. We show that the estimator is affected by the high-dimensional noise structure directly, so that it becomes inconsistent. In order to overcome such difficulties in a high-dimensional situation, we develop new principal component analysis (PCA) methods called the noise-reduction methodology and the cross-data-matrix methodology under the power spiked model. We show that the new PCA methods can enjoy consistency properties not only for eigenvalues but also for PC directions and PC scores in high-dimensional settings.

著者

Hagiya Keiichi Takahashi Hiroshi Isaka Yumi Inomata Shinichi Tanaka Makoto

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia (ISSN:10530770)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.925-932, 2013-10

被引用文献数

4

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ObjectiveAcidosis produces a negative inotropic effect on cardiac muscle against which catecholamines and phosphodiesterase III inhibitors have limited therapeutic effects. This study evaluated the effects of colforsin, which directly activates adenylate cyclase without β-adrenergic receptor activation, in isolated Langendorff rat hearts in a pH- and concentration-dependent manner.DesignExperimental animal study.SettingA university laboratory.ParticipantsSprague-Dawley rats.InterventionsHearts were isolated and perfused with 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid/Tyrode solution (pH 7.4) in the Langendorff preparation. The hearts were assigned randomly to the control (pH 7.4), mild acidosis (pH 7.0), or severe acidosis (pH 6.6) group (n = 8 per group) and were perfused continuously with colforsin 10−7, 10−6, and 10−5 mol/L.Measurements and Main ResultsMaximum dP/dt was determined, and the concentration-response relation was evaluated at each pH. Colforsin at 10−6 mol/L increased the maximum dP/dt from 2,592 ± 557 to 5,189 ± 721 mmHg/s (p < 0.001) and from 1,942 ± 325 to 3,399 ± 608 mmHg/s (p < 0.001) in the control and mild acidosis groups, respectively; whereas colforsin, 10−5 mol/L, significantly increased the maximum dP/dt even in the severe acidosis group. No significant difference was seen in maximum dP/dt among the 3 groups after infusion with colforsin 10−5 mol/L.ConclusionsIn contrast to catecholamines and other inodilators, colforsin at a high concentration restores decreased cardiac contractility against severe acidosis to an extent similar to physiologic pH.