著者

Funabiki Yasuko Kawagishi Hisaya Uwatoko Teruhisa Yoshimura Sayaka Murai Toshiya

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Research in developmental disabilities (ISSN:18733379)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.995-1003, 2011-05

被引用文献数

24

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A novel assessment scale, the multi-dimensional scale for pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (MSPA), is reported. Existing assessment scales are intended to establish each diagnosis. However, the diagnosis by itself does not always capture individual characteristics or indicate the level of support required, since inter-individual differences are substantial and co-morbidity is common. The MSPA consists of 14 domains and each domain is rated by a nine-point quantitative scale. The clinical and behavioral features are projected onto a radar-chart, which facilitates understanding of the disorders both by the patients themselves and by those in their surroundings. We assessed 179 patients and analyzed features by six diagnostic subgroups, which showed relationships between features and diagnoses. The inter-rater reliability was satisfactory.

著者

Suzuki Kazuto

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Space Policy (ISSN:02659646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.144-146, 2007-08 (Released:2013-12-19)

被引用文献数

5

---

As we celebrate the 50th anniversary of the start of spaceflight and of the initiation of European integration, both these symbols of modernity seem to have stalled. We have learnt that some forms of modernity bore a heavy price, such as environmental issues. The social value of 'progress' has changed; this affects the types of programme that publics support. Although prestige may still be important to new spacefaring nations, it is the utility of space technology in solving terrestrial problems that is most important, while economic changes, which have made government funding tighter, have opened the door to private initiatives. As we enter the 21st century, we can still be proud of our achievements in space, but we must understand that the reasons we pursue such activity has changed.

著者

Suzuki Kazuto

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Space Policy (ISSN:02659646)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.73-80, 2007-05 (Released:2013-12-19)

被引用文献数

12

---

The objective of Japanese space policy, since its beginning, was to “catch-up” with advanced spacefaringcountries. However, this “catching up” strategy is now facing with a lot of difficulties, dueto the downturn of economy and progress of Japanese technology. In these circumstances, Japanesespace community realized the necessity for changing its national space strategy. In 2005,some Japanese powerful politicians issued a report on constructing national space strategy whichdemanded the government to establish new decision-making structure. These efforts are focusingthe need for Japanese space to shift the focus of policy from technological development to application.

著者

Iwamoto Hajime Hori Kenji Fukazawa Yoshimasa

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Tetrahedron (ISSN:00404020)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.12, pp.2789-2798, 2006-03-20

被引用文献数

12

---

A new simple model of porphyrin ring current effect was proposed based on a line current approximation. It can reproduce the porphyrin-induced shifts for several Sn(IV)(tpp) and Sn(IV)(oep) dicarboxylate complexes quite satisfactorily. Perpendicular arrangement of the aromatic rings in the diaromatic-carboxylate complexes of Sn(IV)(tpp) and Sn(IV)(oep) was clarified with this porphyrin ring current effect model. There are two structures, exo and endo, in solution in dinaphthalene-1- and 2- carboxylate complexes of Sn(IV)(tpp) and Sn(IV)(oep). The exo conformer is in dynamic equilibrium with the endo form in solution. Thermodynamic data of these conformational equilibria are given.

著者

NAITO T.

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Cryogenics (ISSN:00112275)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.8, pp.429-432, 2009-01-01

被引用文献数

2 18

---

We have measured the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity, κ(T), for DI-BSCCO® tapes fabricated by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., which are (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O8+x tapes sheathed with Ag or Ag–Au alloy. The κ(T) of the tape sheathed with Ag (residual resistance ratio (RRR) = 15) decreases with decreasing temperature and starts to increase rapidly below 60 K, with a maximum at around 15 K. On the other hand, the κ(T) of the tape sheathed with Ag–5.4 wt%Au alloy has a very low value that decreases monotonically with decreasing temperature. At around 77 K, the absolute values of κ(T) for both tapes were about and , respectively. The κ(T) of a stacked sample, in which six DI-BSCCO tapes sheathed with Ag are soldered, was also measured. The measured κ(T) was fairly well reproduced by the estimated κ(T), which was calculated using the measured κ(T) of the single tape and solder.

著者

Ishii Megumi Ishii Tetsuya

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Trends in Biotechnology (ISSN:01677799)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.5, pp.525-528, 2022-05

被引用文献数

5

---

A genome-edited agricultural product that is proven to contain no exogenous DNA is not subject to genetically modified organism (GMO) regulations in some countries. However, whether such proof is definitive is often disputed. We discuss the approaches to substantially proving that a genome-edited organism is not GMO, while considering social aspects.

著者

coordinating editor Keith Brown co-editor Sarah Ogilvie

出版者

Elsevier

巻号頁・発行日

2009

著者

Matsushita Taku Morimoto Ayako Kuriyama Taisuke Matsumoto Eisuke Matsui Yoshihiko Shirasaki Nobutaka Kondo Takashi Takanashi Hirokazu Kameya Takashi

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Water research (ISSN:00431354)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, pp.67-76, 2018-07-01

被引用文献数

56

---

Removal efficiencies of 28 pesticide transformation products (TPs) and 15 parent pesticides during steps in drinking water treatment (coagulation-sedimentation, activated carbon adsorption, and ozonation) were estimated via laboratory-scale batch experiments, and the mechanisms underlying the removal at each step were elucidated via regression analyses. The removal via powdered activated carbon (PAC) treatment was correlated positively with the log K-ow at pH 7. The adjusted coefficient of determination (r(2)) increased when the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) was added as an explanatory variable, the suggestion being that adsorption onto PAC particles was largely governed by hydrophobic interactions. The residual error could be partly explained by pi-pi electron donor-acceptor interactions between the graphene surface of the PAC particles and the adsorbates. The removal via ozonation correlated positively with the energy level of the HOMO, probably because compounds with relatively high energy level HOMOs could more easily transfer an electron to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of ozone. Overall, the TPs tended to be more difficult to remove via PAC adsorption and ozonation than their parent pesticides. However, the TPs that were difficult to remove via PAC adsorption did not induce strong mutagenicity after chlorination, and the TPs that were associated with strong mutagenicity after chlorination could be removed via PAC adsorption. Therefore, PAC adsorption is hypothesized to be an effective method of treating drinking water to reduce the possibility of postchlorination mutagenicity associated with both TPs and their parent pesticides.

著者

Sazuka Naoya Inoue Jun-ichi

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications (ISSN:03784371)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.383, no.1, pp.49-53, 2007-09-01

被引用文献数

1

著者

Tsukuda M. Abe S. Hasegawa K. Ninomiya T. Omura I.

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Microelectronics Reliability (ISSN:00262714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88-90, pp.482-485, 2018-09-30

被引用文献数

3

---

In this paper, we propose the criteria of bias voltage from parasitic capacitance and demonstrate the criteria in an experiment with the present IGBT. The bias voltage criteria are theoretically predicted for the new generation IGBT based on the scaling principle. For safe switching, the required gate voltage bias is predicted to be −1.2V or less for the present IGBTs and −6V or less is required to completely cancel the gate noise voltage. From the IGBT design, the bias voltage of scaling IGBT requires −2V to completely cancel the gate noise voltage.

著者

Shinada Mizuho Yamagishi Toshio

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Evolution and Human Behavior (ISSN:10905138)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.5, pp.330-339, 2007-09

被引用文献数

59

---

Human cooperation in a large group of genetically unrelated people is an evolutionary puzzle. Despite its costly nature, cooperative behaviour is commonly found in all human societies, a fact that has interested researchers from a wide range of disciplines including biology, economics, and psychology to name a few. Many behavioural experiments have demonstrated that cooperation within a group can be sustained when free riders are punished. We argue that punishment has both a direct and an indirect effect in promoting cooperation. The direct effect of punishment alters the consequences of cooperation and defection in such a way as to make a rational person prefer cooperation. The indirect effect of punishment promotes cooperation among conditional cooperators by providing the condition necessary for their cooperation -- i.e., the expectation that other members will also cooperate. Here we present data from two one-shot, n-person Prisoner's Dilemma games, demonstrating that the indirect effect of punishment complements the direct effect to increase cooperation in the game. Further, we show that the direct and indirect effects are robust across two forms of punishment technology; either when the punishment is voluntarily provided by game players themselves or when it is exogenously provided by the experimenter.

著者

Nakazawa Yuichi Iwase Akira Akai Fumito Izuho Masami

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Quaternary International (ISSN:10406182)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.242, no.2, pp.416-433, 2011-10-15

被引用文献数

21

---

The effect of the Younger Dryas cold reversal on the survival of Late Glacial hunter-gatherers in the Japanese Archipelago is evaluated, through a synthetic compilation of 14C dates obtained from excavated Late Glacial and initial Holocene sites (332 14C dates from 88 sites). The estimated East Asian monsoon intensity and vegetation history based on the loess accumulations in varved sediments and pollen records in and around the Japanese Archipelago suggest an abrupt change to cool and dry climate at the onset of Younger Dryas, coupled with the Dansgaard–Oeschger Cycles as recorded in Greenland. The chronometric placement of sites based on an assessment of 14C dates show that the site numbers decrease from the Bølling–Allerød to Younger Dryas and increase from the Younger Dryas to Preboreal. However, human population dynamics inferred from a site distribution analysis was little changed from the previous Bølling–Allerød and to the following Preboreal. Moreover, hunter-gatherers consistently employed ceramic pottery technology since its emergence prior to the onset of Younger Dryas, while the quantity of ceramic vessels that were undermined during the Younger Dryas dramatically increased at the onset of the Holocene, implying that a substantial change in hunter-gatherer socioeconomy occurred after the end of Younger Dryas.

著者

Nagata Harunori Ito Mitsunori Maeda Takenori Watanabe Mikio Uematsu Tsutomu Totani Tsuyoshi Kudo Isao

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Acta Astronautica (ISSN:00945765)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1-5, pp.253-258, 2006-07

被引用文献数

50

---

By introducing various innovative ideas, the difficult-to-develop small hybrid-type rocket is successfully developed. The main purpose is to drastically reduce the cost of rocket experiments and thus attract potential users such as metrological and microgravity researchers. A key idea is a new fuel grain design to accelerate the gasification rate of solid fuel. The new fuel grain design, designated as CAMUI as an abbreviation of “Cascaded Multistage Impinging-jet”, is that the gas flow repeatedly collides with the solid fuel surface to accelerate the heat transfer to the fuel. To install a regenerative cooling system using cryogenic liquid oxygen as coolant in a small launcher, the authors devised a valveless supply system (with no valves in the liquid oxygen flow line). Four serial successful launch verification tests by 10 kg vehicle equipped with a 50 kgf thrust CAMUI motor have shown the feasibility of the motor system. The meteorological observation model of 400 kgf class motor is under development and the development of microgravity experiment class of 1.5 to 2 tonf motor will follow subsequently. The authors plan to complete the development of the 400 kgf class motor for meteorological observation model by the end of FY2005.

著者

Mizuta Hiroyuki Uji Toshiki Yasui Hajime

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Algal research (ISSN:22119264)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, pp.102369, 2021-10

被引用文献数

5

---

The process of biogenic silicon (Si) deposition in sporophytes of kelp (Saccharina japonica) was investigated by culturing sporophyte disks in the medium with and without hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Culture with H2O2 remarkably promoted silicate-Si uptake by the disks. Silicate-Si uptake was completely inhibited by the treatment with potassium bromide (KBr), a competitive inhibitor of iodoperoxidase (IPO), even in the medium with H2O2. In addition, disk culture with phenol red in the medium with H2O2 resulted in the formation of bromophenol blue, indicating the presence of extracellular IPO. However, KBr treatment inhibited the formation of bromophenol blue in the medium with H2O2. These results showed that silicate-Si uptake is activated by extracellular IPO in the presence of radical oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2. Interestingly, 1 mM salicylic acid also promoted silicate-Si uptake, even in the medium without H2O2. Furthermore, the allocation of silicate-Si to the soluble and cell wall-bound phlorotannin fractions using rhodamine 123 (R123), a tracer of biogenic Si, was estimated. Tracer fluorescence was detected in not only the soluble but also the cell wall-bound phlorotannin fraction. R123 fluorescence was histologically detected in the apoplasts of the epidermal and outer cortical layers of the disk, overlapping the histochemical distribution of IPO activity. These results suggested that silicate-Si uptake is activated by an oxidative burst induced by various stresses, and Si deposition is catalyzed by extracellular IPO in the presence of both ROS and phlorotannin in the extracellular matrix of sporophytes. Based on these findings, the hypothetical mechanisms of the extracellular silicate-Si uptake for defense responses in kelp were discussed.

著者

Yatabe Zenji Muramatsu Toru Asubar Joel T. Kasai Seiya

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Physics Letters A (ISSN:03759601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.379, no.7, pp.738-742, 2015-03-20

被引用文献数

3

---

A novel method is presented for obtaining the distribution function of relaxation times G(tau) from power spectrum 1/f(alpha) (1 <= alpha <= 2). It is derived using McWhorter model and its inverse Stieltjes transform. Unlike the pre-assumed conventional g(tau) distribution, the extracted G(tau) has a peak whose width increases as the slope of the power spectrum alpha decreases. The peak position determines the dominant time constant of the system. Our method is unique because the distribution function is directly extracted from the measured power spectrum. We then demonstrate the validity of this method in the analysis of noise in transistor.

著者

Tokai Tadashi Uchida Keiichi Kuroda Mao Isobe Atsuhiko

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Marine Pollution Bulletin (ISSN:0025326X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.165, 2021-04

被引用文献数

41

---

Two neuston nets, mesh opening 1.00 mm and 0.333 mm, were towed in parallel. The 0.333 mm net collected more microplastics of longest length ≤2.00 mm than the 1.00 mm net. Mesh selection curve of the 1.00 mm mesh net for microplastics was estimated with the SELECT analysis by comparison of size distributions of microplastics collected by the two nets. Selection curve of the 0.333 mm mesh net, often used as a standard mesh size for microplastic net sampling, was also estimated on the assumption of geometrical similarity between microplastic size and mesh opening for a given retention probability. Approximately 60% amount of microplastics (0.4–1.0 mm) in net sampling with the 0.333 mm net passed through the mesh and was thus unaccounted for. The 0.333 mm net can retain at most 1.5% of microplastics ≤0.4 mm entering the net, and rarely retained microplastics ≤0.3 mm.

著者

Tomina Yusuke Takahata Masakazu

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Physiology & Behavior (ISSN:00319384)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, no.1, pp.108-116, 2010-08-04

被引用文献数

10

---

Operant conditioning is a common tool for studying cognitive aspects of brain functions. As the first step toward understanding those functions in simple invertebrate microbrains, we tested whether operant conditioning could be applied to train American lobster Homarus americanus that has been extensively adopted as an animal model for neurophysiological analyses of nervous system functions and behavioral control. The animal was trained by food rewarding for gripping of a sensor bar as the operant behavior. Lobsters were first reinforced when they acted on the bar with a stronger grip than a pre-set value. After this reinforcement, the animal learnt to grip the bar for food pellets. The yoked control experiment in which the animal received action-independent reinforcement excluded the possibility of pseudoconditioning that the food simply drove the animal to frequent gripping of the sensor bar. The association of the bar grip with food was extinguished by rewarding nothing to the operant behavior, and was restored by repeating the reinforcement process as before. In addition, lobsters successfully carried out differential reinforcement regarding the gripping force: their gripping force changed depending on the increased force threshold for food reward. These data demonstrate that lobsters can be trained by operant conditioning paradigms involving acquisition and extinction procedures with the precise claw gripping even under the force control.

著者

Aad G. Abbott B. Abdallah J. Abdinov O. Aben R. Abolins M. AbouZeid O. S. Abramowicz H. Abreu H. Abreu R. Abulaiti Y. Acharya B. S. Adamczyk L. Adams D. L. Adelman J. Adomeit S. Adye T. Affolder A. A. Agatonovic-Jovin T. Agricola J. Aguilar-Saavedra J. A. Ahlen S. P. Ahmadov F. Aielli G. Akerstedt H. Åkesson T. P A Akimov A. V. Alberghi G. L. Albert J. Albrand S. Alconada Verzini M. J. Aleksa M. Aleksandrov I. N. Alexa C. Alexander G. Alexopoulos T. Alhroob M. Alimonti G. Alio L. Alison J. Alkire S. P. Allbrooke B. M M Allport P. P. Aloisio A. Alonso A. Alonso F. Alpigiani C. Altheimer A. Alvarez Gonzalez B. Álvarez Piqueras D. Alviggi M. G. Amadio B. T. Amako K. Amaral Coutinho Y. Amelung C. Amidei D. Amor Dos Santos S. P. Amorim A. Amoroso S. Amram N. Amundsen G. Anastopoulos C. Ancu L. S. Andari N. Andeen T. Anders C. F. Anders G. Anders J. K. Anderson K. J. Andreazza A. Andrei V. Angelidakis S. Angelozzi I. Anger P. Angerami A. Anghinolfi F. Anisenkov A. V. Anjos N. Annovi A. Antonelli M. Antonov A. Antos J. Anulli F. Aoki M. Aperio Bella L. Arabidze G. Arai Y. Araque J. P. Arce A. T H Arduh F. A. Arguin J. F. Argyropoulos S. Arik M. Armbruster A. J. Arnaez O. Arnal V. Arnold H. Arratia M. Arslan O. Artamonov A. Artoni G. Asai S. Asbah N. Ashkenazi A. Åsman B. Asquith L. Assamagan K. Astalos R. Atkinson M. Atlay N. B. Augsten K. Aurousseau M. Avolio G. Axen B. Ayoub M. K. Azuelos G. Baak M. A. Baas A. E. Baca M. J. Bacci C. Bachacou H. Bachas K. Backes M. Backhaus M. Bagiacchi P. Bagnaia P. Bai Y. Bain T. Baines J. T. Baker O. K. Baldin E. M. Balek P. Balestri T. Balli F. Balunas W. K. Banas E. Banerjee Sw Bannoura A. A E Bansil H. S. Barak L. Barberio E. L. Barberis D. Barbero M. Barillari T. Barisonzi M. Barklow T. Barlow N. Barnes S. L. Barnett B. M. Barnett R. M. Barnovska Z. Baroncelli A. Barone G. Barr A. J. Barreiro F. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa J. Bartoldus R. Barton A. E. Bartos P. Basalaev A. Bassalat A. Basye A. Bates R. L. Batista S. J. Batley J. R. Battaglia M. Bauce M. Bauer F. Bawa H. S. Beacham J. B. Beattie M. D. Beau T. Beauchemin P. H. Beccherle R. Bechtle P. Beck H. P. Becker K. Becker M. Beckingham M. Becot C. Beddall A. J. Beddall A. Bednyakov V. A. Bee C. P. Beemster L. J. Beermann T. A. Begel M. Behr J. K. Belanger-Champagne C. Bell W. H. Bella G. Bellagamba L. Bellerive A. Bellomo M. Belotskiy K. Beltramello O. Benary O. Benchekroun D. Bender M. Bendtz K. Benekos N. Benhammou Y. Benhar Noccioli E. Benitez Garcia J. A. Benjamin D. P. Bensinger J. R. Bentvelsen S. Beresford L. Beretta M. Berge D. Bergeaas Kuutmann E. Berger N. Berghaus F. Beringer J. Bernard C. Bernard N. R. Bernius C. Bernlochner F. U. Berry T. Berta P. Bertella C. Bertoli G. Bertolucci F. Bertsche C. Bertsche D. Besana M. I. Besjes G. J. Bessidskaia Bylund O. Bessner M. Besson N. Betancourt C. Bethke S. Bevan A. J. Bhimji W. Bianchi R. M. Bianchini L. Bianco M. Biebel O. Biedermann D. Bieniek S. P. Biglietti M. Bilbao De Mendizabal J. Bilokon H. Bindi M. Binet S. Bingul A. Bini C. Biondi S. Bjergaard D. M. Black C. W. Black J. E. Black K. M. Blackburn D. Blair R. E. Blanchard J. B. Blanco J. E. Blazek T. Bloch I. Blocker C. Blum W. Blumenschein U. Bobbink G. J. Bobrovnikov V. S. Bocchetta S. S. Bocci A. Bock C. Boehler M. Bogaerts J. A. Bogavac D. Bogdanchikov A. G. Bohm C. Boisvert V. Bold T. Boldea V. Boldyrev A. S. Bomben M. Bona M. Boonekamp M. Borisov A. Borissov G. Borroni S. Bortfeldt J. Bortolotto V. Bos K. Boscherini D. Bosman M. Boudreau J. Bouffard J. Bouhova-Thacker E. V. Boumediene D. Bourdarios C. Bousson N. Boveia A. Boyd J. Boyko I. R. Bozic I. Bracinik J. Brandt A. Brandt G. Brandt O. Bratzler U. Brau B. Brau J. E. Braun H. M. Brazzale S. F. Breaden Madden W. D. Brendlinger K. Brennan A. J. Brenner L. Brenner R. Bressler S. Bristow K. Bristow T. M. Britton D. Britzger D. Brochu F. M. Brock I. Brock R. Bronner J. Brooijmans G. Brooks T. Brooks W. K. Brosamer J. Brost E. Brown J. Bruckman de Renstrom P. A. Bruncko D. Bruneliere R. Bruni A. Bruni G. Bruschi M. Bruscino N. Bryngemark L. Buanes T. Buat Q. Buchholz P. Buckley A. G. Buda S. I. Budagov I. A. Buehrer F. Bugge L. Bugge M. K. Bulekov O. Bullock D. Burckhart H. Burdin S. Burgard C. D. Burghgrave B. Burke S. Burmeister I. Busato E. Büscher D. Büscher V. Bussey P. Butler J. M. Butt A. I. Buttar C. M. Butterworth J. M. Butti P. Buttinger W. Buzatu A. Buzykaev A. R. Cabrera Urbán S. Caforio D. Cairo V. M. Cakir O. Calace N. Calafiura P. Calandri A. Calderini G. Calfayan P. Caloba L. P. Calvet D. Calvet S. Camacho Toro R. Camarda S. Camarri P. Cameron D. Caminal Armadans R. Campana S. Campanelli M. Campoverde A. Canale V. Canepa A. Cano Bret M. Cantero J. Cantrill R. Cao T. Capeans Garrido M. D M Caprini I. Caprini M. Capua M. Caputo R. Cardarelli R. Cardillo F. Carli T. Carlino G. Carminati L. Caron S. Carquin E. Carrillo-Montoya G. D. Carter J. R. Carvalho J. Casadei D. Casado M. P. Casolino M. 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出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics (ISSN:03702693)

巻号頁・発行日

no.756, pp.10-28, 2016-05-10

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The relationship between jet production in the central region and the underlying-event activity in a pseudorapidity-separated region is studied in 4.0 pb-1 of s=2.76 TeV pp collision data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The underlying event is characterised through measurements of the average value of the sum of the transverse energy at large pseudorapidity downstream of one of the protons, which are reported here as a function of hard-scattering kinematic variables. The hard scattering is characterised by the average transverse momentum and pseudorapidity of the two highest transverse momentum jets in the event. The dijet kinematics are used to estimate, on an event-by-event basis, the scaled longitudinal momenta of the hard-scattered partons in the target and projectile beam-protons moving toward and away from the region measuring transverse energy, respectively. Transverse energy production at large pseudorapidity is observed to decrease with a linear dependence on the longitudinal momentum fraction in the target proton and to depend only weakly on that in the projectile proton. The results are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators, which qualitatively reproduce the trends observed in data but generally underpredict the overall level of transverse energy at forward pseudorapidity.

著者

Watari Hiromi Nakajima Hiroya Atsuumi Wataru Nakamura Takanori Nanya Takeshi Ise Yuji Sakai Ryuichi

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Comparative biochemistry and physiology Part C : Toxicology & pharmacology (ISSN:15320456)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.221, pp.82-88, 2019-07

被引用文献数

7

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We screened 868 marine extracts in search of hematopoietic molecules resulted in findings of several extracts that proliferated Ba/F3-HuMpl cells but not the cells expressed with other hematopoietic cytokine receptors, EPO and G-CSF. Separation of the most potent extract of a Micronesian sponge Corticium sp., guided by the cell proliferation assay using Ba/F3-HuMpl cells resulted in an isolation of thrombocorticin (ThC), a novel 14 kDa protein as an active principal. ThC displayed concentration-dependent proliferation of Ba/F3-HuMpl cells, and had a stronger activity than that of eltrombopag, a small molecule drug used to treat thrombocytopenia. ThC induced phosphorylation of STAT5, suggesting that it activates Jak/STAT pathway as in the case of TPO. These results together indicated that ThC is a specific agonist for c-Mpl, although the size and shape differs largely from TPO. Here we present isolation, characterization and biological activity of ThC.

著者

Itoyama H. Nakajima Sota

出版者

Elsevier

雑誌

Nuclear Physics B (ISSN:05503213)

巻号頁・発行日

no.958, 2020-09

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<研究の内容(参照[Link1])>所謂「ゲージ理論」に基づく現代の素粒子物理学の最重要課題の一つとして、自然界の3つの相互作用(電磁気力、弱い力、強い力)の統一が挙げられます。これは場の量子論から得られる「走る結合定数」に基づき広く支持されている描像です。相互作用の統一を成し遂げるには、ゲージ群が半単純 Lie 代数に基づいていることが必要です。弦理論のコンパクト化では、余剰次元の形状や Wilson line と呼ばれる定数外場に基づく多くのパラメターが生じ(その全体はモデュライ空間と呼ばれる)、モデュライ空間の総称的な点では、10次元で得られている統一理論の描像を壊してしまいます。値を決定するためには、有効ポテンシャルの考察に基づき、真空の候補となるすべての場合を尽くさねばなりません。上記の内挿コンパクト化模型に関する先行研究では、導入されたパラメターは1つだけで、宇宙定数を小さく保ちながら、素粒子の統一理論が4次元でどのような形で得られるのかに関しては、何の知見も得られませんでした。今回の研究では、半径パラメターに加え可能なすべての Wilson line を導入し、弦の摂動論の1ループ近似の範囲内で、宇宙項の値が小さくなっていく漸近領域での有効ポテンシャルの極小点を尽くすことに成功しました。極値を与える点では、ゲージ群の拡大現象が見られ、数々の半単純 Lie 代数が得られました。とりわけ SO(18)×SO(14)を与える点では、質量無しフェルミ粒子とボース粒子の数が等しくなり(近年nf = nbの場合と呼ばれている)、宇宙項が指数的に抑制され、上記の階層性問題の解決策の端緒になると期待されます。このような拡大現象を明らかにするには、「カレント代数の指標」の上記パラメター依存性を顕に見出す必要がありますが、この問題を解決するために、我々は「ローレンツ格子関数」と指標を連動させつつブーストする手法を編み出しました。極値を与える一連の点は有効ポテンシャルの鞍点になっているため不安定であり、最小を与える点ではゲージ群は最大限に拡大していることが判明しました。こうして得られた摂動論的に安定な真空は質量無しのボース粒子の励起のみを持っており、負の宇宙項を持つ反ド・ジッター真空を与えてしまいます。従って、素粒子物理学の真空としても、宇宙論的考察からも望ましいものではありません。今後の主要な探求点としては、摂動論高次ループ補正、非摂動効果により、不安定な極値が宇宙項を十分強く抑制する準安定真空に落ち着くか否かが焦点となるでしょう。We investigate the structure of the moduli space of 9D heterotic interpolating models with a complete set of Wilson line backgrounds and a radius parameter by computing the one-loop partition functions and the cosmological constants and by deriving the massless spectra, paying attention to the region a ≈ 0 where supersymmetry is asymptotically restoring. We find some special planes and points in the moduli space where the gauge symmetry is enhanced and/or massless fermions appear. The gauge symmetry is maximally enhanced at the minima of the one-loop effective potential where the cosmological constant is negative.